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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common co-morbidity in those with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Most patients with DM and NVAF have a CHA2DS2-VASc score of ≥1 and should be considered for oral anticoagulation therapy for stroke prevention per treatment guidelines. The most important risk associated with anticoagulation is bleeding, which may be higher in those with NVAF plus DM. Our objective was to evaluate the incidence and characteristics of major bleeding (MB) in rivaroxaban users diagnosed with NVAF, further comparing those with DM versus those without DM, in a real-world clinical setting. Electronic medical records of >10 million patients from the Department of Defense Military Health System were queried to identify rivaroxaban users with NVAF over a 2.5-year period. Major bleeding–related hospitalization was identified by a validated case-finding algorithm. Patient characteristics, incidence and management of MB, and fatal outcomes were assessed by DM status. Of 44,793 rivaroxaban users with NVAF, 12,039 (26.9%) had DM, who were more likely men, younger, with more co-morbidity and higher CHA2DS2-VASc scores. Major bleeding incidence was higher among those with DM compared with those without, 3.68 (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.37 to 4.03) versus 2.51 (95% CI 2.34 to 2.69) per 100 person-years, and intracranial bleeding incidence was 0.19 (95% CI 0.13 to 0.28) versus 0.25 (95% CI 0.20 to 0.31) per 100 person-years. Fatal outcomes were rare for both cohorts, 0.09 per 100 person-years. In conclusion, in this post-marketing study of 44,793 rivaroxaban users with NVAF, patients with DM had more co-morbidities and higher incidence of MB compared with those without DM.