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In recent years, essential oils (EOs) have received increased attention from the research community, and the EOs of cinnamon, patchouli, and geranium have become highly recognized for their antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antioxidant effects. Due to these properties, they have become valuable and promising candidates for addressing the worldwide threat of antimicrobial resistance and other diseases. Simultaneously, studies have revealed promising new results regarding the effects of physical fields (magnetic and electric) and LASER (MEL) exposure on seed germination, plant growth, biomass accumulation, and the yield and composition of EOs. In this frame, the present study aims to investigate the influence of MEL treatments on cinnamon, patchouli, and geranium EOs, by specifically examining their composition, antimicrobial properties, and antioxidant activities. Results showed that the magnetic influence has improved the potency of patchouli EO against L. monocytogenes, S. enteritidis, and P. aeruginosa, while the antimicrobial activity of cinnamon EO against L. monocytogenes was enhanced by the electric and laser treatments. All exposures have increased the antifungal effect of geranium EO against C. albicans. The antioxidant activity was not modified by any of the treatments. These findings could potentially pave the way for a deeper understanding of the efficiency, the mechanisms of action, and the utilization of EOs, offering new insights for further exploration and application.

Essential oils and aromatic plants have been cherished since ancient times for their versatile applications in food preservation, cosmetics, perfumery, and healing, as well as for spiritual and religious purposes. Their rich history is well-documented, showcasing extensive activities and a wide range of therapeutic benefits. Today, essential oils have captured renewed interest from both the public and the scientific community, heralding them as promising agents for the prevention and treatment of numerous medical conditions, thereby enhancing our overall quality of life and wellbeing. This review delves into the fascinating world of essential oils, covering their historical significance, extraction methods and chemical composition.

Essential oils, derived from aromatic plants, possess a wide array of bioactivities that have drawn significant interest in both traditional medicine and modern scientific research. This review explores the diverse bioactivities and underlying modes of action of essential oils. Essential oils exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antispasmodic, and analgesic effects. These bioactivities are attributed to the complex chemical composition of essential oils, primarily consisting of terpenes, phenolics, and aldehydes, which interact synergistically. The mode of action of essential oils is multifaceted, involving various biochemical and molecular mechanisms.