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Inclusive special education : evidence-based practices for children with special needs and disabilities
Although much has been written about both special education and inclusive education, the two concepts and approaches have rarely been addressed within a single volume. Inclusive Special Education: Evidence-Based Practices for Children with Special Needs and Disabilities provides a unique synthesis, setting special education within the context of inclusive education. It posits that to include all children with special educational needs effectively in schools requires an integration of both concepts, approaches, and techniques. Key topics featured in the book include: - Effective teaching strategies for inclusive special education - Teaching children with a wide range of special needs and disabilities - Organization of schools for inclusive special education - Skills for collaborating with professionals and parents - Developing a comprehensive system of inclusive special education Inclusive Special Education is essential reading for scientist-practitioners, researchers, and graduate students in school psychology and counseling, educational psychology, and social work who are concerned with identifying and implementing effective practices and guidelines for children with special needs.
Book
Are Inclusive Education or Special Education Programs More Likely to Result in Inclusion Post-School?
The main goal of both special education and inclusive education for young people with learning or behavioral difficulties is their maximum inclusion in the community as adults. The question of which of these two approaches is more likely to achieve this goal is addressed by considering the findings of three outcome studies of young people with moderate to severe levels of learning or behavioral difficulties who experienced either option, or some combination of the two. The overall findings indicate that students who left school from a special education setting had better outcomes than those who completed their education in mainstream schools. This is considered to be due to the vocational curriculum and work experience they gained in their final years of special education, which those in mainstream schools did not receive. This suggests that a policy of full inclusion, with the closure of special classes and special schools, will result in less inclusion in their communities post-school for young people with moderate to severe levels of learning or behavioral difficulties.
Journal Article
A Whole Education Approach to Education Reform in Barbados: Effective Provision for Students with Special Educational Needs and Disabilities
Improving education provision for children with special educational needs and disabilities in Barbados is the focus of this article. It takes into account the wider historical and educational context and uses a whole education approach to conduct the analysis and propose transformation of the education system, involving three key components. First, abandoning the system of selective secondary education based on the results of a high-stakes examination, the 11 plus, and replacing it with a more equitable system of geographical zoning. Second, revamping curricula at primary and secondary schools to emphasise the development of literacy, numeracy, interpersonal and vocational skills rather than focusing mainly on preparing students for academic examinations, especially the 11 plus examination. Third, implementing comprehensive policy and procedures for the identification and effective education of children with special educational needs and disabilities in order to maximise outcomes for all students.
Journal Article
Inclusive Special Education
Although much has been written about both special education and inclusive education, the two concepts and approaches have rarely been addressed within a single volume. The book provides a unique synthesis, setting special education within the context of inclusive education. It posits that to include all children with special educational needs effectively in schools requires an integration of both concepts, approaches, and techniques. Key topics featured in the book include: Effective teaching strategies for inclusive special education; Teaching children with a wide range of special needs and disabilities; Organization of schools for inclusive special education; Skills for collaborating with professionals and parents; Developing a comprehensive system of inclusive special education. (Orig.).
eBook
Inclusive Education, Intellectual Disabilities and the Demise of Full Inclusion
Inclusive education has developed worldwide popularity in education for learners with various disabilities but is particularly controversial for students with intellectual disabilities because of their unique needs. The foremost of these are the development of the social, vocational and life skills needed to facilitate their transition to adulthood. This article presents a discussion that focuses on theory, practice and research relevant to inclusive education for students with intellectual disabilities. It points out that the movement for full inclusion started by focusing on students with intellectual disabilities and has encountered roadblocks to further progress because of its difficulties in addressing their special needs. This is explored by considering the theory underpinning the international drivers of the full inclusion movement, the reality of the implementation of inclusion policies worldwide, and research on the effects of inclusion of students with intellectual disabilities in mainstream schools.
Journal Article
Rethinking Intelligence: Implications for Teachers and Students in Barbadian Schools
In most Western societies, intelligence testing has evolved beyond simple measures of language and numerical abilities. Although these measures are valuable in predicting academic achievement and career success, it is widely recognized that modern intelligence assessments offer a more comprehensive view of intellectual aptitude. Unfortunately, in Caribbean Small Island Developing States, like Barbados, despite ongoing efforts towards educational reform and an increasing body of research and related theories advocating for inclusive approaches to understanding and nurturing students’ intellectual development, the education system remains heavily influenced by traditional conceptualizations of intelligence that present a somewhat narrow view of students’ aptitudes. This perspective appears to consider students’ performance on high-stakes examinations measuring numerical and language abilities as perhaps the most indicative markers of intelligence. Building on the work of renowned educational theorists such as Sternberg, Renzulli, and Gardner, and drawing from literature on traditional and contemporary measures of intelligence, this opinion paper examines the implications of deconstructing and redefining traditional views of intelligence within the Barbadian educational context. The value of conventional measures and the potential challenges and limitations associated with transitioning to contemporary intelligence assessments are acknowledged, and the pedagogical and assessment implications at primary and secondary school levels are discussed.
Journal Article
Inclusive Vision Versus Special Education Reality
The reasons are examined for the disparity between the inclusive vision espoused by Article 24 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the reality of the limited extent of inclusion in education systems worldwide. First, the leadership of key senior academics in the field of special education is considered to have been misguided in promoting a vision of full inclusion despite the lack of research evidence for the benefits of inclusive education over traditional special education provision. Second, attitudes toward and the treatment of people with disabilities have a long and complex history, and in this, many proponents of inclusion have been critical of 20th century special education. In particular, they claim that the sorting, labelling and categorizing required by special education have negative implications. Third, educators have been encouraged to imagine a system of education that is limitless, in the sense that all children with disabilities can be included in general education. This is because it is envisaged that general education classrooms will become so flexible that there will be no limits to the accommodation of students with disabilities, regardless of the nature or severity of their special educational needs. Fourth is the issue that deciding a student’s placement for education requires a judgment call and that, since human judgment is fallible, errors of judgment will always be made. Fifth, commitments to inclusion require that educators consider the practical, reality-based implications, whereas this has not been the case for many supporters of full inclusion. In conclusion, inclusion in the sense of students being physically present in general education classrooms is not considered as important as inclusion in the reality of being engaged in a program of instruction that is meaningful and challenging. Therefore, we consider that, rather than becoming extinct, special education needs to continue to be developed, disseminated and rigorously implemented in schools. Key special education strategies and approaches must co-exist with those from inclusive education, in order to provide effective education for all young people with special educational needs and disabilities.
Journal Article
Twice-Exceptional Students: Review of Implications for Special and Inclusive Education
The purpose of this article is to review recent literature on twice-exceptional students and consider implications for their education in the context of the trend towards increased inclusive education for students with disabilities. The review focused on teachers’ experiences and perceptions and the school experiences of twice-exceptional students. Fifteen articles were reviewed, published between 2000 and 2020, selected according to a systematic protocol from two widely used online databases. Findings indicated that the implications that need to be considered were the importance of teacher preparation, the need for a continuum of special education interventions, the need for collaboration with parents and specialists, and teachers needing to focus on developing strengths as much as remediating difficulties. It was concluded that twice-exceptional students can be taught effectively in inclusive education settings as long as they are able to access appropriate strategies and programs from the fields of special education and gifted education.
Journal Article
Special and Inclusive Education: Perspectives, Challenges and Prospects
For around 40 years, there has been intense debate about how to best educate learners with special educational needs and disabilities (SEND) [...]
Journal Article