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Recent discoveries in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico yielded tantalizing clues about the complex maritime history of the region. In particular, the Mardi Gras Shipwreck site, located in 1220 m (4,000 ft.) of water, contained an astonishing array of material culture. Of particular interest is a ship’s stove, one of only a handful identified in archaeological contexts. An assessment of the stove and its construction provided insight into the use of stoves at sea. Further, analysis of this appliance and comparison to similar stoves from archaeological contexts suggests that a veritable “cottage industry” may have existed throughout U.S. and international port communities and blacksmith shops. Historical research revealed the various functions that ship’s stoves performed in the early 19th century. In addition, this investigation serves as a platform for addressing larger research questions about foodways and human behavior exhibited on sailing vessels in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Descubrimientos recientes en las aguas profundas del Golfo de Méjico han proporcionado prometedoras pistas sobre la compleja historia marítima de la región. En particular, el emplazamiento del buque naufragado Mardi Grass, situado en 1 220 m (4 000 pies) de agua, ha contenido una sorprendente variedad de cultura material. De interés específico es una estufa de barco, una de sólo un puñado identificado en contextos arqueológicos. Una evaluación de la estufa y de su construcción ha proporcionado percepciones sobre el uso de estufas en el mar. Asimismo, el análisis de este aparato y una comparación con estufas similares procedentes de contextos arqueológicos sugiere que puede haber existido una verdadera \"industria artesanal\" en las comunidades portuarias y herrerías estadounidenses e internacionales. La investigación histórica ha revelado las diversas funciones que las estufas de los barcos realizaban a principios del siglo XIX. Asimismo, la presente investigación sirve como plataforma para abordar preguntas de investigación más amplias sobre los hábitos alimentarios y el comportamiento humano mostrados en barcos veleros a finales del siglo XVIII y principios del siglo XIX. Les découvertes récentes réalisées dans les eaux profondes du golfe du Mexique ont permis d’obtenir des indications nouvelles sur l’histoire maritime complexe de la région. En particulier, le site de l’épave du Mardi Gras, située à 1 220 m sous l’eau, contenait un ensemble étonnant de culture matérielle. Le poêle du navire, l’un des rares poêles identifiés dans les contextes archéologiques, est particulièrement intéressant. Une évaluation du poêle et de sa construction a permis de mieux comprendre l’utilisation des poêles en mer. D’autre part, l’analyse de ce poêle et une comparaison avec les poêles similaires des contextes archéologiques semblent indiquer qu’une véritable « industrie artisanale » pourrait avoir existé à travers les États-Unis dans les communautés portuaires internationales et les forges. Des recherches historiques ont révélé les différentes fonctions que les poêles des navires remplissaient au début du XIXe siècle. De plus, cette enquête sert de plateforme pour aborder les grandes questions de recherche sur les habitudes alimentaires et les comportements humains à bord des bateaux à voile à la fin du 18e et au début du 19e siècle.

The deepwater part of the Gulf of Mexico has shown a remarkable increase in oil and gas exploration, development, and production. In part, this is because of the development of new technologies reducing operational costs and risks, as well as the finding of reservoirs with high-production wells. With expanding development in deep water come increasing challenges in managing our nation's Submerged Cultural Heritage on the Outer Continental Shelf and Slope. To fulfill obligations under Section 106 of the Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (36 CFR 800), managers need a clearer understanding of the size of debris fields expected around deepwater shipwrecks, as well as their state of preservation and future research potential—both cultural and biological. With this in mind, the Minerals Management Service, in partnership with the National Oceanographic Partnership Program and the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's Office of Ocean Explorations, launched the Deep Gulf Wrecks Project.

In the fall of 2001, staff of the Florida Bureau of Archaeological Research were led by river divers to an underwater site in the Apalachicola River containing a large concentration of prehistoric and historic artifacts lying on the riverbed. Subsequent inspection of the submerged river bank and scoured limestone river channel revealed a myriad of objects, which included iron fasteners, metal tools and implements, broken glass bottles, stone projectile points, scattered bricks and stone blocks, and other materials. Discovery of two large fragments of a wooden watercraft, a bayonet, a copper arrowhead, and flintlock gun barrels initially prompted researchers to hypothesize that the site might represent the remains of a U.S. Army boat that was attacked in 1817 by Seminole Indians while en route upriver. The episode, which caused the deaths of more than 30 soldiers and several women who were aboard the boat, led to the First Seminole War and the U.S. Army invasion of Florida. To investigate this hypothesis, a systematic survey of the riverbed was undertaken in the spring of 2002 to record underwater features and recover additional diagnostic artifacts. These activities employed side-scan sonar as well as diver visual investigations. This paper presents a case study of the value and broader significance of aggregate data where interpretation was underpinned by artefactual, historical and environmental analysis.

In April 2012, the NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer conducted the first reconnaissance of a shipwreck site 275 km from the Texas-Louisiana coast as part of an interdisciplinary exploration mission focusing on deepwater hard-bottom habitat, naturally occurring gas seeps, and potential shipwrecks in the Gulf of Mexico. First identified as a side-scan sonar target in 2011 by Shell Oil during a lease-area survey, a brief ROV dive imaged the undisturbed, early nineteenth century wooden-hulled, copper-sheathed sailing vessel containing artillery, firearms, navigation instruments, cooking and food storage items, medicines, and personal effects. \"Monterrey A\" is one of the more significant shipwrecks discovered in the Gulf of Mexico to date because of its degree of preservation and the insight it provides into a critical period in history when new nations were forming at the end of Colonial period and the Gulf of Mexico was opening to global trade.

Leading scholars reflect critically on the kinds of appeal to the Bible that have been made in environmental ethics and ecotheoloogy and engage with biblical texts with a view towards exploring their contribution to an ecological ethics.