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While recent studies have demonstrated that events are fundamentally climate sensitive, this seems to not be fully considered in event research or corporate event practice. Thus, this study aims to identify the influencing factors that affect the acceptance of climate adaptation measures among decision-makers in the event industry. The analysis was divided into three main parts. First, the existing literature related to climate change in an events context was reviewed. Using 15 semi structured interviews, the findings from this review were then critically discussed with stakeholders in Germany involved in event planning. Finally, explicit climate adaptation measures were proposed and discussed. Based on all findings, there appears to be a low level of awareness of and interest in climate adaptation amongst German event industry players. There is an imminent need for further research on climate adaptation and for decision-makers to better prepare for climate change in order to counteract resulting negative impacts.

While recent studies have demonstrated that events are fundamentally climate-sensitive, this seems to not be fully considered in event research or corporate event practice. Thus, this study aims to identify the influencing factors that affect the acceptance of climate adaptation measures among decision-makers in the event industry The analysis was divided into three main parts: First, the existing literature related to climate change in an events context was reviewed. Using fifteen semi-structured interviews, the findings from this review were then critically discussed with stakeholders in Germany involved in event planning. Finally, explicit climate adaptation measures were proposed and discussed. Based on all findings, there appears to be a low level of awareness of and interest in climate adaptation amongst German event industry players. There is an imminent need for further research on climate adaptation and for decision-makers to better prepare for climate change in order to counteract resulting negative impacts.

Background Cannabis is commonly used as a self-prescribed treatment for anxiety and depression, but few studies have evaluated these associations using both validated mental health scales and biological cannabinoid markers. This study aimed to test associations between cannabis use frequency and symptoms of anxiety and depression, and to examine whether frequent cannabis users with high symptom scores were less likely to use FDA-approved medications. Methods This is a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study on sleep and cannabis use, including 195 participants who completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and self-reported cannabis use. Urinary tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) metabolites validated recent cannabis exposure. Regression models adjusted for demographic and clinical variables. Results Frequent cannabis use (≥ 15 uses in the past 30 days) vs. infrequent use (14 or fewer uses in the past 30 days) was associated with higher likelihood of anxiety, AOR = 1.06 (95% CI 1.01, 1.12), p  < 0.01 for the BAI and AOR = 1.05 (95% CI 1.01, 1.09), p  < 0.05 for the HADS-A. However, frequency of cannabis use was not associated with depression for either the HADS-D, AOR = 0.98 (95% CI 0.94, 1.05) or BDI-II, AOR = 0.98 (95% CI 0.92, 1.04), ps  > 0.05. Use of FDA-approved anxiolytic or antidepressant medications did not significantly differ by non-use, infrequent, and frequent cannabis use groups (20% vs. 18.2% vs. 21.1% for anxiolytic-hypnotics and 14% vs. 9.1% vs. 11.4% for antidepressants), and urinary cannabinoid levels were not associated with symptom severity, all ps  > 0.05. Conclusions Elevated anxiety was common among frequent cannabis users, yet use of FDA-approved medications was infrequent in this group despite increased symptom burden. These results suggest that some individuals may turn to cannabis to manage their symptoms instead of using evidence-based treatments. Clinicians should consider the possibility that patients might substitute cannabis for prescription medications, and routinely screen cannabis users for untreated anxiety. Randomized studies are needed to determine causal associations between anxiety symptoms and cannabis use, including potential interactions with FDA-approved pharmacotherapies. Such evidence will inform clinical recommendations and policy on cannabis use and mental health.

Purpose Evaluating the effectiveness of intraoperative auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) to stimulation by the Vibrant Soundbridge (VSB) active middle ear implant for quantifying the implant’s floating mass transducer (FMT) coupling quality. Methods In a diagnostic multicentric study, patients (> 18 years) who received a VSB with different coupling modalities were included. Pre- and postoperative bone conduction thresholds, intraoperative VSB-evoked ABR thresholds (VSB-ABR) using a modified audio processor programmed to preoperative bone conduction thresholds, postoperative vibrogram thresholds, and postoperative VSB-ABR thresholds were measured. Coupling quality was calculated from the difference between the pure tone average at 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz (3PTA) vibrogram and postoperative 3PTA bone conduction thresholds. Results Twenty-three patients (13 males, 10 females, mean age 56.6 (± 12.5) years) were included in the study. Intraoperative VSB-ABR response thresholds could be obtained in all except one patient where the threshold was > 30 dB nHL. Postoperatively, an insufficient coupling of 36.7 dB was confirmed in this patient. In a Bland–Altman analysis of the intraoperative VSB-ABRs and coupling quality, the limits of agreement exceeded ± 10 dB, i.e., the maximum allowed difference considered as not clinically important but the variation was within the general precision of auditory brainstem responses to predict behavioral thresholds. Five outliers were identified. In two patients, the postoperative VSB-ABR thresholds were in agreement with the coupling quality, indicating a change of coupling before the postoperative testing. Conclusion The response thresholds recorded in this set-up have the potential to predict the VSB coupling quality and optimize postoperative audiological results.

Cell migration is a crucial process for cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), that allows effective navigation through three-dimensional (3D) environments to locate target cells and execute cytotoxic functions. Impaired CTLs infiltration into solid tumors remains a significant challenge, often limiting the efficacy of immunotherapies. To address this challenge, recent evidence suggests microtubules (MT) as a promising target, since perturbing MT stability improves T-cell migration and killing efficiency in dense matrices, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we use Pretubulysin, a known MT depolymerizer to unmask mechanism how MT stability influences T-cell migration. We found that complete disassembly of the microtubule network significantly increased CTLs infiltration and migration in a 3D environment. Asking how migration actually improves killing efficiency, we focused on the cell search efficiency, since finding a target is a crucial prerequisite to kill it. Using a persistent random walk model, we prove the ability of Pretubulysin to enhance T-cell search efficiency. We are proposing an underlying mechanism explaining this enhanced searching efficiency of T cells after Pretubulysin treatment: Depolymerizing microtubules in activated T cells leads to localized actomyosin accumulation at the uropod, altering cell mechanics and favoring stronger contraction forces at the rear of the cell. This results in faster and more persistent migration. Overall, our findings shed light on the role of MTs in search mechanisms of immune cells, regulating CTLs migration in 3D environments. We highlight the potential of MT-disassembling agents like Pretubulysin to optimize immune therapies against solid tumors.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.