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result(s) for
"Houtman, Jacqueline"
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The reinvention of Edison Thomas
Middle school student Eddy Thomas loves science and inventing, but has trouble with people. Finally he meets some friends who appreciate his abilities and respect his unique view of the world. With their help, can he rethink his definition of success?
Book
Pathogenesis of immune-mediated demyelineation in mice infected with murine coronavirus JHM
Infection of rodents with the murine coronavirus JHM (JHMV) results in a subacute or chronic demyelinating disease which serves as a model for the human disease multiple sclerosis. Previous studies with JHMV have established a role for the immune system in both viral clearance and demyelination. To further clarify the role of the immune system in JHMV pathogenesis, several strains of congenitally immunodeficient mice were studied. Infection of immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice with JHMV resulted in severe paralysis and demyelination and complete clearance of infectious virus from the brain. In contrast, infected SCID mice showed little or no paralysis or demyelination and were unable to clear infectious virus. Athymic nude mice and a proportion of mice lacking MHC Class I or II expression or deficient in gamma interferon (IFN-$\\gamma$) exhibited robust demyelination but did not completely clear infectious virus from the brain. These results are consistent with an immune-mediated mechanism for JHMV-induced demyelination, but indicate that the immune mechanisms which participate in demyelination and viral clearance are distinct. We have also characterized the cells which infiltrate the central nervous system and analyzed cytokine expression in the brains of infected mice. Mononuclear cells isolated from infected immunocompetent mice were found to consist of monocytes, macrophages and T lymphocytes. Flow cytometric analysis revealed an apparent differentiation of infiltrating monocytes into activated macrophages. In addition, although CD4$\\sp{+}$ and CD8$\\sp{+}$ T lymphocytes were isolated in approximately equal numbers during the first week post-inoculation, CD4$\\sp{+}$ T lymphocytes predominated at later timepoints. Monocytes, macrophages and NK cells were isolated from the brains and spinal cords of infected nude and SCID mice. Cytokine expression was consistent with a Th1-type immune response in the brains of infected mice. Taken together, these findings support a model whereby viral clearance and demyelination depend upon a Th1 immune response. Viral clearance, however, results from CTL activity, whereas demyelination appears to result from macrophage activation.
Dissertation
Trouble maker for justice : the story of Bayard Rustin, the man behind the march on Washington
\"This biography of Bayard Rustin for young readers depicts his life of nonviolent activism and resistance\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
CSA MEMBERSHIP ADDS VARIETY TO YOUR WEEKLY VEGETABLE MENU
For the last five years, we've been members of a CSA farm. CSA stands for community supported agriculture, and it's a phenomenon that has really taken off in the last few years. According to Doug Wubben at the Madison Area Community Supported Agriculture CoaliTion, there are a dozen CSA farms in the Madison area, and more than 50 in Wisconsin, placing our state in the top three nationwide. Our CSA has expanded my dietary repertoire. I was never much of a vegetable eater. Corn. Maybe some green beans if I was feeling adventurous. In the produce aisle, I would gravitate toward the familiar, plastic-wrapped celery and carrots, leaving the Jerusalem artichokes and jicama for more daring souls. Now I'm forced to think about how in the world to prepare these things. I've had to come up with something to do with eggplant besides parmigiana. The kale and tortellini recipe we developed has become a staple in our home. Root Soup, a puree of winter vegetables, was developed for celeriac, but is a great catchall recipe for all those bulbous things in the pantry. And the hairy fresh soybeans we first encountered in a CSA delivery have become such a favorite that we planted two packets in our own small plot to ensure a good supply.
Newspaper Article
Changes in opinions about human germline gene editing as a result of the Dutch DNA-dialogue project
Public engagement for Human Germline Genome Editing (HGGE) has often been called for, for example by the WHO. However, the impact of public engagement remains largely unknown. This study reports on public engagement outcomes in the context of a public dialogue project about HGGE in the Netherlands; the DNA-dialogue. The aim was to inquire opinions and opinion change regarding HGGE. A questionnaire was distributed on a national level (n = 2381) and a dialogue level (n = 414). The results indicate that the majority of the Dutch population agrees with the use of HGGE to prevent severe genetic diseases (68.6%), unlike the use to protect against infectious diseases (39.7%), or for enhancement (8.5%). No indications of change in these acceptance rates as a result of dialogue participation were found. The results did provide a tentative indication that participation in dialogue may lead to less negative opinions about HGGE (χ2(1) = 5.14, p = 0.023, OR = 0.56, 95% CI [0.34, 0.93]). While it was not a goal of the project to make people more accepting towards HGGE, this might be the effect of exposure to opinions that are less often heard in the global debate. We conclude that dialogue may lead to different outcomes for different people, depending on their characteristics and their entrance attitude, but does not appear to systematically direct people towards a certain opinion. The self-reported, impacts of dialogue participation included no impact, strengthening of opinion, enabling of forming a first opinion, more insight into the potential implications of HGGE, and a better understanding of other people’s perspectives.
Journal Article
The Value of IgM Memory B-Cells in the Assessment of Splenic Function in Childhood Cancer Survivors at Risk for Splenic Dysfunction: A DCCSS-LATER Study
Background. Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) who received radiotherapy involving the spleen or total body irradiation (TBI) might be at risk for splenic dysfunction. A comprehensive screening test for examining splenic dysfunction is lacking. Objective. We investigated whether IgM memory B-cells could be used to assess splenic dysfunction in CCS who received a splenectomy, radiotherapy involving the spleen, or TBI. Methods. All CCS were enrolled from the DCCSS-LATER cohort. We analyzed differences in IgM memory B-cells and Howell–Jolly bodies (HJB) in CCS who had a splenectomy (n = 9), received radiotherapy involving the spleen (n = 36), or TBI (n = 15). IgM memory B-cells < 9 cells/µL was defined as abnormal. Results. We observed a higher median number of IgM memory B-cells in CCS who received radiotherapy involving the spleen (31 cells/µL, p=0.06) or TBI (55 cells/µL, p = 0.03) compared to CCS who received splenectomy (20 cells/µL). However, only two CCS had IgM memory B-cells below the lower limit of normal. No difference in IgM memory B-cells was observed between CCS with HJB present and absent (35 cells/µL vs. 44 cells/µL). Conclusion. Although the number of IgM memory B-cells differed between splenectomized CCS and CCS who received radiotherapy involving the spleen or TBI, only two CCS showed abnormal values. Therefore, this assessment cannot be used to screen for splenic dysfunction.
Journal Article
Threat assessment for Pacific sand lance (Ammodytes personatus) in the Salish Sea
Like many forage fish species, Pacific sand lance (
Ammodytes personatus
) play a key role in nearshore marine ecosystems as an important prey source for a diverse array of predators in the northeastern Pacific. However, the primary threats to Pacific sand lance and their habitat are poorly defined due to a lack of systematic data. Crucial information needed to assess their population status is also lacking including basic knowledge of their local and regional abundance and distribution. Sand lance are currently listed as ‘not evaluated’ under the IUCN red list and they have not been assessed by US and Canadian agencies. This hampers management and policy efforts focused on their conservation. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a three-part, structured expert elicitation to assess the vulnerability of Salish Sea sand lance populations. Experts were asked to list and rank key threats to Salish Sea sand lance and/or their habitat, to further quantify the vulnerability of sand lance to identified threats using a vulnerability matrix, and to predict the population trajectory in 25 years from today. Impacts associated with climate change (e.g. sea level rise, sea temperature rise, ocean acidification, and extreme weather) consistently ranked high as threats of concern in the ranking exercise and quantified vulnerability scores. Nearly every expert predicted the population will have declined from current levels in 25 years. These results suggest sand lance face numerous threats and may be in decline under current conditions. This research provides vital information about which threats pose the greatest risk to the long-term health of sand lance populations and their habitat. Managers can use this information to prioritize which threats to address. Future research to reliably quantify population size, better understand the roles of natural and anthropogenic impacts, and to identify the most cost-effective actions to mitigate multiple threats, is recommended.
Journal Article