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"Howard, Ron"
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Social Factors Key to Landscape-Scale Coastal Restoration: Lessons Learned from Three U.S. Case Studies
In the United States, extensive investments have been made to restore the ecological function and services of coastal marine habitats. Despite a growing body of science supporting coastal restoration, few studies have addressed the suite of societally enabling conditions that helped facilitate successful restoration and recovery efforts that occurred at meaningful ecological (i.e., ecosystem) scales, and where restoration efforts were sustained for longer (i.e., several years to decades) periods. Here, we examined three case studies involving large-scale and long-term restoration efforts including the seagrass restoration effort in Tampa Bay, Florida, the oyster restoration effort in the Chesapeake Bay in Maryland and Virginia, and the tidal marsh restoration effort in San Francisco Bay, California. The ecological systems and the specifics of the ecological restoration were not the focus of our study. Rather, we focused on the underlying social and political contexts of each case study and found common themes of the factors of restoration which appear to be important for maintaining support for large-scale restoration efforts. Four critical elements for sustaining public and/or political support for large-scale restoration include: (1) resources should be invested in building public support prior to significant investments into ecological restoration; (2) building political support provides a level of significance to the recovery planning efforts and creates motivation to set and achieve meaningful recovery goals; (3) recovery plans need to be science-based with clear, measurable goals that resonate with the public; and (4) the accountability of progress toward reaching goals needs to be communicated frequently and in a way that the general public comprehends. These conclusions may help other communities move away from repetitive, single, and seemingly unconnected restoration projects towards more large-scale, bigger impact, and coordinated restoration efforts.
Journal Article
Impact of Foliar Diseases on Photosynthesis, Protein Content and Seed Yield of Alfalfa and Efficacy of Fungicide Application
Foliar pathogens attack alfalfa wherever the crop is grown, but their impact, especially on seed production, is poorly understood. In greenhouse trials, leaf spot injury caused by inoculation with various pathogens reduced the crude protein content of infected alfalfa leaves by 22% compared with a healthy control. There was a negative relationship between disease injury and the photosynthetic efficiency of alfalfa plants, as determined by measuring chlorophyll fluorescence in leaves from inoculated vs. non-inoculated seedlings. In field trials at two sites in Alberta from 2001 to 2003, inoculation with Phoma medicaginis increased disease incidence in four of six trials, Phoma sclerotioides increased incidence in four of five trials, and Leptosphaerulina trifolii and Stemphylium botryosum increased incidence in two of six trials. There was a trend for inoculation treatments to reduce seed yield, despite high levels of background infection by indigenous pathogens. The fungicides benomyl and propiconazole inhibited radial growth of Phoma spp. in vitro and reduced disease incidence in inoculated greenhouse experiments. In field trials, applications of benomyl and propiconazole reduced disease incidence, but did not always increase seed yield.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Journal Article
Guardians of the galaxy : tomorrow's heroes omnibus
\"A thousand years from now, Vance Astro, Yondu, Martinex and Charlie-27 will rise to free the enslaved planet Earth -- as the Guardians of the Galaxy! Soon, Captain America, Doctor Strange, the Thing, the Hulk and more join the time-spanning heroes in the war to reclaim the future! Threats arise from other worlds -- as well as new allies Nikki and the uncanny Starhawk! But when Guardians and Avengers join forces in the present day, will even the combined might of two millennia be enough to stop the deranged demigod Michael Korvac? Plus: the Silver Surfer, Ms. Marvel, Spider-Man and Adam Warlock!\"-- Amazon.com description.
Book
Evolution and Management of the Irish Potato Famine Pathogen Phytophthora Infestans in Canada and the United States
Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, is the most historically significant and economically destructive disease of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). In addition to potato, P. infestans can also infect tomato and some other members of the Solanaceae, and this has contributed to the recent late blight epidemic in Canada and the United States. Propagation of P. infestans in Canada and the United States has been mainly through asexual reproduction and this has led to the development of several dominant clonal lineages. Various P. infestans markers have been developed that are invaluable in monitoring the evolution and movement of these P. infestans genotypes. Population diversity and disease incidence has increased through the development of systemic fungicide insensitivity and the transcontinental shipment of the pathogen on late blight infected potato tubers and tomato plantlets. Introduction of the P. infestans A2 mating type to several regions of Canada and the United States has also increased the opportunity for sexual reproduction and recombination, potentially contributing to greater P. infestans genetic diversity and pathogenicity. Advances in P. infestans molecular analysis have revealed a complex pathogen with a genome capable of evolving relatively quickly. Management of late blight will therefore require new, multifaceted strategies which include monitoring pathogen evolution and implementing sustainable production practices.
Journal Article
Deeply divided nation. Or are we? We have it completely wrong
Pick up the newspaper, watch the news on television or scroll through Twitter or Facebook, and you might reasonably conclude that as a country, we are in quicksand — standing still, incapable of finding common, stable ground and, worse, sinking fast. A national poll of 1,108 voters conducted by Mercury Analytics directly following the midterm elections shows that the vast majority of registered voters, regardless of party affiliation, actually agree on the one thing that could genuinely begin to unite us as a country. [...]93% of registered voters — including Republicans, Democrats and independents — say they are more likely to support candidates who promise to act respectfully toward one another and work toward compromise on difficult issues as a way forward.
Trade Publication Article
Environmental Model Predicting Bacterial Ring Rot Symptom Expression
Bacterial ring rot (BRR) is a regulated disease of potato caused by the gram-positive bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus. Many countries have seed certification programs that involve pre- and post-harvest inspections for disease symptoms supplemented by laboratory immunological and nucleic acid diagnostics. Several studies have shown that environmental factors and other parameters may affect the severity of BRR symptoms. Collection and analysis of field data from 154 cultivated potato genotypes over 15 years indicates that moisture, temperature, and cultivar are major factors influencing BRR symptom expression. Sensitivity analysis showed that late season temperatures were more important than mid-season moisture. Contrary to expectations, cultivar susceptibility was of less importance in our models than weather parameters in determining BRR symptoms. A neural network model was successfully deployed that predicts severity of BRR symptom expression based on late season temperature, precipitation, and cultivar susceptibility.
Journal Article