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Endophytic fungi can promote host plant growth, enhance antioxidant defense enzyme activity, and induce the biosynthesis and accumulation of secondarymetabolites. Therefore, using endophytic fungi to improve the quality and yield of medicinal plants or important crops is an effective means of regulation. Colletotrichum sp. AP12 has been reported to produce andrographolide compounds (ADCs). This study aimed to investigate the effects of AP12 and its elicitors on the growth, defense enzyme activity, accumulation, and transcription levels of key genes in Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees ( A. paniculata ). Using fermentation method to prepare AP12 into the inactivated fermentation solution (IFS), fermentation solution (FS), inactivated mycelium solution (IMS), and mycelium solution (MS), and the results showed that all four fungal elicitor components (ECs) could promote A. paniculata growth, enhance antioxidant defense enzymes, and increase ADC content and yield, especially the IMS group that had the highest leaf area, whole plant dry weight, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) enzyme activities, total lactone contents, and yields, which were 2.37-, 1.60-, 2.20-, 3.27-, 1.59-, and 2.65-fold of the control, respectively. The 14-deoxyandrographolide (NAD) in the host irrigated with MS was 3.35-fold that of the control. In addition, AP12-infected A. paniculata sterile seedlings could significantly increase ADC content and expression levels of key enzyme genes, especially on day 12, when the total lactone content of the host reached 88.881± 5.793 mg/g DW, while on day 6, CPS gene expression level reached 10.79-fold that of the control, in turn promoting the biosynthesis and accumulation of andrographolide. In conclusion, the endophytic fungus AP12 is beneficial to the growth and secondary metabolism of A. paniculata , which is helpful for the cultivation and application of the biological bacterial fertilizer in A. paniculata , providing a theoretical and research basis for the use of endophytic fungi as a microbial resource to improve the quality and yield of medicinal plants.

Using fixed-bed reaction method and changing the gas composition and dust content, the influence of blast furnace top gas composition and dust on HCl removal with low temperature Ca-based antichlor was studied. It was found that, when the content of CO2 in blast furnace top gas increased, the dechlorination efficiency was getting worse obviously; when the contents of CO and N2 increased, the dechlorination efficiency was getting better to a certain extent; when the content of H2 changed, the dechlorination efficiency got no significant change; as the content of dust increased, the dechlorination efficiency got better obviously when the content was less than 15 g/m3, but it would be got worse quickly when the content was more than 20 g/m3, and the best content was 15–20 g/m3; the suitable site of the process of dechlorination was after gravity dust collector and before bag dust collector.

According to the study on blast furnace refractory erosion caused by HCl gas, it was found that HCl gas can promote for the silicate glass phase and the recessive aluminum silicate to transform into mullite and christobalite in the alumina brick, so that it can increase the porosity in the alumina brick. Hcl gas reacts with non-carbon elements to form the chloride which causes the brick to be loose and porous in the carbon brick. Thus the brick loss is accelerated.

To achieve high performance tracing control of the three-links spatial robot, a fast terminal fuzzy sliding mode control method is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the control method can efficiently solve the singularity of the controller through switching between terminal sliding mode surface and linear sliding mode surface. Secondly, to diminish the chattering in the control input, a fuzzy controller is designed to adjust the generalized gain of fast terminal fuzzy sliding mode controller according to fast terminal sliding mode surface. The stability of the control algorithm is verified by using Lyapunov theory. The proposed controller is then applied to the control of a three-links spatial robot. Simulation results show the validity of the proposed control scheme.

A fuzzy sliding mode control scheme based on variable rate reaching law for attitude control of flapping wing micro aerial vehicle is proposed in this paper. Based on the feedback linearization technique, a sliding mode controller is designed. To faster response speed, a fuzzy controller is designed to adaptively tune the slope of sliding mode surface. To reduce the chattering, the variable rate reaching law is proposed. The variable rate reaching law is composed of the distance from current point to sliding mode surface in phase plane. The simulation studies for attitude control of a flapping wing micro aerial vehicle have been carried out. Simulation results show that the proposed control scheme is effective.

A fuzzy nonsingular terminal sliding mode control scheme for the attitude of flapping wing micro aerial vehicle is proposed in this paper. Based on the feedback linearization technique, a nonsingular terminal sliding mode controller is designed. To reduce the chattering in the control input, a fuzzy controller is designed to adaptively tune the switch part gain of nonsingular terminal sliding mode controller according to the nonsingular terminal sliding mode surface. The stability of the control scheme is verified by using Lyapunov principle. Simulation results show that the proposed control scheme is effective.

To achieve the tracing control of a three-links spatial robot, a backstepping fuzzy sliding mode controller based on variable rate reaching law is proposed in this paper. The sliding mode controller is designed by means of backstepping way. To reduce the adjustment time, a fuzzy controller is designed to adjust the slope of sliding mode surface. To diminish the chattering of traditional sliding mode control, the variable rate reaching law is proposed. The variable rate reaching law is composed of the distance from current point to sliding mode surface in phase plane. The simulation studies for the tracking control of a three-links spatial robot have been carried out. Simulation results show the validity of the proposed control scheme.

To achieve the tracing control of a three-links spatial robot, a adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller based on radial basis function neural network is proposed in this paper. The exponential sliding mode controller is divided into two parts: equivalent part and exponential corrective part. To realize the control without the model information of the system, a radial basis function neural network is designed to estimate the equivalent part. To diminish the chattering, a fuzzy controller is designed to adjust the corrective part according to sliding surface. The simulation studies have been carried out to show the tracking performance of a three-links spatial robot. Simulation results show the validity of the control scheme.

In the combustion process of pulverized coal injection into blast furnace, the chlorine goes into the unburned pulverized coal is about 17%, the chlorine in the unburned coal keeps original state; The chlorine goes into the blast furnace gas is about 83%, and these chlorine stay as Hcl gas. Changes in air temperature and oxygen rate had no significant effect on the decomposition of chlorine in coal, resulting the rate of Cl into the blast furnace gas is difficult to increase significantly.

A fast terminal fuzzy sliding mode control scheme for the attitude of flapping wing micro aerial vehicle is proposed in this paper. Based on the feedback linearization technique, a fast terminal sliding mode controller is designed. To diminish the chattering in the control input, a fuzzy controller is designed to adjust the generalized gain of fast terminal fuzzy sliding mode controller according to fast terminal sliding mode surface. The stability of the control algorithm is verified by using Lyapunov theory. Simulation results show that the proposed control scheme is effective.