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Cross-border e-commerce, as an emerging trade format, offers new chances for optimizing industrial chains’ layout, enhancing economic resilience, and attaining high-quality development at the city level. In this context, treating the execution of the cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot zone (CBEC) as a quasi-natural experiment, this study subtly attests to how the CBEC affects urban entrepreneurship by using a difference-in-differences (DID) technique. The results exhibit that the CBEC greatly promotes urban entrepreneurship, which is supported by some robustness tests, including instrumental variable testing and placebo testing. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that in cities with more developed economies, stronger digitalization, richer cultures, sounder law rules, and better business environments, the benefit for the CBEC on entrepreneurship is more significant. Mechanism testing argues that the CBEC promotes urban entrepreneurship through talent aggregation and industrial upgrading. Precisely, the more concentrated high-quality talents are and the more advanced the industrial structure is, the higher the urban entrepreneurship. More importantly, the CBEC exhibits a spatial spillover effect on entrepreneurship, promoting local entrepreneurship while stimulating the motivation to imitate and learn in neighboring areas, thereby driving their entrepreneurship. The findings offer a viable decision-making guide for building a unified factor market and achieving regional coordinated development.

To address the difficulties in characterizing fine crack morphology, the limitations of detection accuracy, and the challenge of real-time deployment caused by large model parameter counts in concrete dam crack detection, this paper constructs DamCrackSet-1K, a high-resolution dataset with pixel-level annotations covering multiple crack scenarios; proposes a lightweight semantic segmentation framework, MTC-Net, which integrates a MobileNetV2 encoder with Enhanced Transformer modules to achieve global–local feature fusion and enhance feature extraction; and designs a geometry-sensitive Curvature-Aware loss function to effectively mitigate pixel-level class imbalance for fine cracks. Experiments show that, while significantly reducing the number of model parameters, the method greatly improves crack detection accuracy and inference speed, providing a feasible solution for efficient, real-time crack detection in dams.

High-strength stainless steels are essential materials for critical load-bearing aerospace components, and solution treatment serves as a core process governing their strength–toughness balance. However, in novel multi-element alloy systems, the complex dissolution behavior of precipitates and its underlying mechanisms affecting matrix phase transformations require further investigation. This study systematically explores the thermodynamic evolution and microstructural response of a novel Fe-Ni-Cr-Mo-Al-Ti ultra-high-strength stainless steel during solution treatment. The research highlights how solution temperature drives Laves phase dissolution, controls prior austenite grain growth, redistributes local chemical elements, and dictates retained austenite stability. By establishing the relationship between microstructural features and macroscopic properties, this study aims to provide crucial theoretical guidance for optimizing heat treatment protocols to achieve superior comprehensive mechanical properties in advanced high-strength stainless steels.

The incidence of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is increasing in patients with obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and in the aging population. However, there is a lack of adequate clinical treatment. Patients with obesity-related heart failure with preserved ejection fraction display unique pathophysiological and phenotypic characteristics, suggesting that obesity could be one of its specific phenotypes. There has been an increasing recognition that overnutrition in obesity causes adipose tissue expansion and local and systemic inflammation, which consequently exacerbates cardiac remodeling and leads to the development of obese heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Furthermore, overnutrition leads to cellular metabolic reprogramming and activates inflammatory signaling cascades in various cardiac cells, thereby promoting maladaptive cardiac remodeling. Growing evidence indicates that the innate immune response pathway from the NLRP3 inflammasome, to interleukin-1 to interleukin-6, is involved in the generation of obesity-related systemic inflammation and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. This review established the existence of obese heart failure with preserved ejection fraction based on structural and functional changes, elaborated the inflammation mechanisms of obese heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, proposed that NLRP3 inflammasome activation may play an important role in adiposity-induced inflammation, and summarized the potential therapeutic approaches.

The monitoring of extreme precipitation events is an important task in environmental research, but the ability of the Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG) precipitation products to monitor extreme precipitation events remains poorly understood. In this study, three precipitation products for IMERG version 6, early-, late-, and final-run products (IMERG-E, IMERG-L, and IMERG-F, respectively), were used to capture extreme precipitation, and their applicability to monitor extreme precipitation events over Hubei province in China was evaluated. We found that the accuracy of the three IMERG precipitation products is inconsistent in areas of complex and less complex topography. Compared with gauge-based precipitation data, the results reveal the following: (1) All products can accurately capture the spatiotemporal variation patterns in precipitation during extreme precipitation events. (2) The ability of IMERG-F was good in areas of complex topography, followed by IMERG-E and IMERG-L. In areas of less complex topography, IMERG-E and IMERG-L produced outcomes that were consistent with those of IMERG-F. (3) The three IMERG precipitation products can capture the actual hourly precipitation tendencies of extreme precipitation events. (4) In areas of complex topography, the rainfall intensity estimation ability of IMERG-F is better than those of IMERG-E and IMERG-L.

Carbon reduction is an urgent challenge for developing nations that balance socioeconomic development and climate mitigation in global low-carbon control. As a key digital economy means, e-commerce development enables urban low-carbon transition. In this context, drawing on a Chinese panel dataset covering 283 cities during 2006–2022, and taking the National E-commerce Demonstration City Pilot Policy (NEDCP) as a quasi-natural experiment, we use a multi-stage difference-in-differences (DID) strategy to detect how NEDCP affects urban carbon emissions. The results reveal that the NEDCP greatly reduces carbon emissions at an urban scale, which remains robust through a series of robustness tests. Mechanism analysis focuses on three channels, which includes boosting energy efficiency, advancing the digital economy, and promoting green innovation. Heterogeneity tests show that these benefits are more strongly evident in cities with a higher openness, a larger population, better economic conditions, and a stronger innovation capacity. The spatial spillover effect test shows that the NEDCP not only promotes local carbon reduction, but also promotes carbon reduction in neighboring areas. These findings offer theoretical insights for enhancing the NEDCP’s environmental benefits, and a practical guide for differentiated low-carbon development strategies, especially for prioritizing logistics and innovation support and refining green e-commerce standards.

X-ray propagation-based phase contrast imaging, a well established imaging technology in synchrotron radiation facilities, enables high-resolution 3D structural reconstruction. Nevertheless, the phase retrieval process required to restore quantitative phase information from holograms remains a significant challenge. Existing software solutions face problems such as performance bottlenecks and limitations in hardware support. Here, we describe a high-performance software named HiHolo based on the CUDA-MPI architecture for the holographic regime, and propose three improved iterative phase retrieval algorithms, providing an efficient framework for achieving high-quality holographic reconstruction. Experimental results demonstrate that HiHolo achieves 24%–37% performance improvement compared with current mainstream software and exhibits near-linear scalability in multi-GPU systems. The alternating projections with probe algorithm effectively reduces artifacts in traditional empty beam correction by simultaneously optimizing both object and probe wavefields; the extrapolation iteration method enhances the spatial resolution of limited field of view through the computational technique; furthermore, the parallel iterative reprojection optimizes the efficiency of 3D reconstruction, achieving a speedup of about 6–14 times compared with the serial version.

Corrigendum to the article by Hu et al. [(2026). J. Synchrotron Rad.33, 454–466]. Corrigendum to the article by Hu et al. [(2026). J. Synchrotron Rad.33, 454–466].

Environmental protection tax (EPT), as a major tool to improve air quality and reduce carbon emissions, is of great significance for promoting urban low-carbon transformation. In this context, this paper has compiled a dataset from 282 Chinese cities during 2006–2022 and empirically identify the implication of EPT for carbon emissions at the city level by using the intensity difference-in-differences (I-DID) model. The result discloses that EPT greatly lowers carbon emissions by an average of 10.9% compared to non-pilot cities. Even after conducting some robustness checks, the result remains unchanged. Mechanism testing reveals that EPT curbs carbon emissions through enhancing energy utilization efficiency, fostering green technological advancements, and modernizing urban industries. Meanwhile, we show that EPT exerts a more substantial effect on carbon emissions in innovative cities, central and western cities, non-industrial-based cities, and non-resource-dependent cities. More importantly, EPT greatly promotes imitation and learning in neighboring regions, forming a radiation impact upon carbon reduction in surrounding areas. Hence, these results offer an important decision-making guide for optimizing the EPT system, strengthening the coordinated governance of carbon emission across regions, and ultimately promoting urban low-carbon development.

Angiogenesis is defined as the formation of new blood vessels originating from pre-existing vasculature and serves a critical role in physiological developmental processes. In addition, angiogenesis serves important roles in various pathological conditions, such as diabetic retinopathy, psoriasis, and tumor progression and metastasis. A primary challenge in this field remains the selection of appropriate assays to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms, evaluate the efficacy of potential therapeutic agents and identify viable targets within the angiogenic pathway. Given that heterogeneity exists not only amongst endothelial cells themselves but also within the specific microenvironment under investigation, it is crucial to select appropriate assay conditions and cell types that can most accurately reflect the angiogenic pathology being studied. Therefore, the present review documents the advantages and limitations of the principal angiogenesis assays currently in use, including those for the proliferation, migration, two-dimensional tube formation and three-dimensional tubulogenesis of endothelial cells in vitro, vessel outgrowth from retinal explants, and aortic rings ex vivo and in vivo assays (such as hindlimb ischemia models, corneal neovascularization assays, retinal vascularization assays, zebrafish models, chick chorioallantoic membrane assays and tumor angiogenesis models). The aim of the present review is to perform a comprehensive analysis of angiogenesis models to establish a foundational framework for subsequent experimental studies on angiogenesis-related pathologies.