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"Hu, Lun"
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يتناول كتاب (ماوتسي يونج) وهو صاحب سيرة طويلة عبر ما يقرب من سبعين عاما، نشأ في ريف الصين لأب فلاح فقير، استهوته الماركسية فانتمى إليها، ثم صار أحد نجومها في الحزب الشيوعي الصيني، ثم صار رئيسا للحزب، ثم استقل بعرش الصين وجلس عليه حوالي ثلاثين عاما، قاد فيها الصين برؤيته الخاصة فصنع منها دولة قوية في وقت وجيز، ولا يزال كتابه الأحمر مرجعا أساسيا للفكر الصيني والسياسة الصينية، بل إن دواوين شعره هي الأكثر مبيعا في الصين، ولا تزال سيرته مقصد كثير من المطلعين.
Book
Finite-momentum Cooper pairing in proximitized altermagnets
Finite-momentum Cooper pairing is an unconventional form of superconductivity that is widely believed to require finite magnetization. Altermagnetism is an emerging magnetic phase with highly anisotropic spin-splitting of specific symmetries, but zero net magnetization. Here, we study Cooper pairing in metallic altermagnets connected to conventional
s
-wave superconductors. Remarkably, we find that the Cooper pairs induced in the altermagnets acquire a finite center-of-mass momentum, despite the zero net magnetization in the system. This anomalous Cooper-pair momentum strongly depends on the propagation direction and exhibits unusual symmetric patterns. Furthermore, it yields several unique features: (i) highly orientation-dependent oscillations in the order parameter, (ii) controllable 0-
π
transitions in the Josephson supercurrent, (iii) large-oblique-angle Cooper-pair transfer trajectories in junctions parallel with the direction where spin splitting vanishes, and (iv) distinct Fraunhofer patterns in junctions oriented along different directions. Finally, we discuss the implementation of our predictions in candidate materials such as RuO
2
and KRu
4
O
8
.
An altermagnet has highly anisotropic spin splitting but zero net magnetization. Here, S.-B. Zhang et al. theoretically study the behavior of
s
-wave superconductor/altermagnet hybrid structures, finding that Cooper pairs in the proximitized altermagnet have an anisotropic non-zero momentum.
Journal Article
Topological superconducting vortex from trivial electronic bands
Superconducting vortices are promising traps to confine non-Abelian Majorana quasi-particles. It has been widely believed that bulk-state topology, of either normal-state or superconducting ground-state wavefunctions, is crucial for enabling Majorana zero modes in solid-state systems. This common belief has shaped two major search directions for Majorana modes, in either intrinsic topological superconductors or trivially superconducting topological materials. Here we show that Majorana-carrying superconducting vortex is not exclusive to bulk-state topology, but can arise from topologically trivial quantum materials as well. We predict that the trivial bands in superconducting HgTe-class materials are responsible for inducing anomalous vortex topological physics that goes beyond any existing theoretical paradigms. A feasible scheme of strain-controlled Majorana engineering and experimental signatures for vortex Majorana modes are also discussed. Our work provides new guidelines for vortex-based Majorana search in general superconductors.
It is widely believed that bulk-state topology is crucial for enabling Majorana zero modes in solid-state systems. Here, the authors predict that superconducting vortices containing Majorana zero modes can arise from topologically-trivial electronic bands, expanding the pool of materials which may host such phenomena.
Journal Article
Dislocation Majorana bound states in iron-based superconductors
We show that lattice dislocations of topological iron-based superconductors such as FeTe
1−
x
Se
x
will intrinsically trap non-Abelian Majorana quasiparticles, in the absence of any external magnetic field. Our theory is motivated by the recent experimental observations of normal-state weak topology and surface magnetism that coexist with superconductivity in FeTe
1−
x
Se
x
, the combination of which naturally achieves an emergent second-order topological superconductivity in a two-dimensional subsystem spanned by screw or edge dislocations. This exemplifies a new embedded higher-order topological phase in class D, where Majorana zero modes appear around the “corners” of a low-dimensional embedded subsystem, instead of those of the full crystal. A nested domain wall theory is developed to understand the origin of these defect Majorana zero modes. When the surface magnetism is absent, we further find that
s
±
pairing symmetry itself is capable of inducing a different type of class-DIII embedded higher-order topology with defect-bound Majorana Kramers pairs. We also provide detailed discussions on the real-world material candidates for our proposals, including FeTe
1−
x
Se
x
, LiFeAs,
β
-PdBi
2
, and heterostructures of bismuth, etc. Our work establishes lattice defects as a new venue to achieve high-temperature topological quantum information processing.
The authors propose that screw or edge dislocations can trap Majorana zero modes in the absence of an external magnetic field. They predict that the Majoranas will appear as second-order topological modes on the four corners of an embedded 2D subsystem defined by the cutting plane of the dislocation.
Journal Article
Three-dimensional mapping of the altermagnetic spin splitting in CrSb
Altermagnetism, a kind of collinear magnetism that is characterized by a momentum-dependent band and spin splitting without net magnetization, has recently attracted considerable interest. Finding altermagnetic materials with large splitting near the Fermi level necessarily requires three-dimensional
k
-space mapping. While this is crucial for spintronic applications and emergent phenomena, it remains challenging. Here, using synchrotron-based angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), spin-resolved ARPES and model calculations, we uncover a large altermagnetic splitting, up to ~1.0 eV, near the Fermi level in CrSb. We verify its bulk-type
g
-wave altermagnetism through systematic three-dimensional
k
-space mapping, which unambiguously reveals the altermagnetic symmetry and associated nodal planes. Spin-resolved ARPES measurements further verify the spin polarizations of the split bands near Fermi level. Tight-binding model analysis indicates that the large altermagnetic splitting arises from strong third-nearest-neighbor hopping mediated by Sb ions. The large band/spin splitting near Fermi level in metallic CrSb, together with its high
T
N
(up to 705 K) and simple spin configuration, paves the way for exploring emergent phenomena and spintronic applications based on altermagnets.
Altermagnets combine the rapid dynamics and zero magnetization of collinear antiferromagnets with the spin-splitting of ferromagnets, making them an idea platform for both fundamental research and applications. Here, Yang, Li and coauthors map the large altermagnetic spin-splitting in CrSb located near the Fermi level.
Journal Article
Impact of coal-to-gas transition on individual welfare considering the inverted U-shaped regulation effect of natural gas pipeline accessibility
Amid the accelerated pace of industrialization and urbanization in China, severe air pollution has emerged as a pressing concern, posing substantial threats to public health and the overall quality of life. Given its pivotal role in the transition towards clean energy, it is of utmost importance to conduct a comprehensive and in-depth assessment of the micro-level impacts of the coal-to-gas transition (CTGT) on individual welfare (IW). This study employs data from the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) to scrutinize the effects of the CTGT on IW, and has uncovered three pivotal findings. Firstly, the CTGT significantly enhances IW through a combination of income substitution effect (ISE), capital aggregation effect (CAE), industrial upgrading effect (IUE), and environmental improvement effect(EIE). As a consequence, residents have witnessed significant improvements in their life happiness (LH) and physical health (PH) following the transition. Secondly, natural gas pipelines accessibility (NGPA) has been found to exert an inverted U-shaped regulation influence on the relationship between the CTGT and IW. Thirdly, the welfare-enhancing effects of the CTGT are particularly pronounced among females with lower consumption levels, with a junior high school education or below, and residents in urban areas boasting superior energy supply and infrastructure standards. The findings offer crucial theoretical foundations and policy recommendations for optimizing energy structures and enhancing individual welfare, providing practical guidance for advancing global clean energy transitions and achieving sustainable development goals.
Journal Article
The impact of farmers’ participation in green cooperative production on green performance—A study based on the moderating effect of environmental regulation
Based on 491 farmers joining in cooperatives microscopic data in Jiangxi Province,the paper uses Ordinary Least Squares to test the influence mechanism of cooperative green production on green performance, and takes environmental regulation as a regulatory variable to explore the relationship between cooperative green production and cooperative green performance. The results have shown that: (1) The green production cooperatives have a significant positive impact on their green performance, and the impact of green production on economic performance, social performance and ecological performance gradually strengthens from weak to strong; (2) Environmental regulations have a positive regulatory effect on the relationship between cooperative green production and cooperative green performance, among which three types of environmental regulations, namely, incentive, restraint and guided, can strengthen the positive relationship between green production and green performance.
Journal Article
A Prediction Model of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Based on OGTT in Early Pregnancy: A Prospective Cohort Study
Abstract
Context
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common obstetric complication. Although early intervention could prevent the development of GDM, there was no consensus on early identification for women at high risk of GDM.
Objective
To develop a reliable prediction model of GDM in early pregnancy.
Methods
In this prospective cohort study, between May 30, 2021, and August 13, 2022, a total of 721 women were included from Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. Participants were asked to complete an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) during gestational weeks 7 through 14 for early prediction of GDM, and at weeks 24 through 28 for GDM diagnosis. Using OGTT results and baseline characteristics, logistic regression analysis was used to construct the prediction model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, Hosmer-Lemeshow test, decision clinical analysis, and a nomogram were used for model performances assessment and visualization. Internal and external validation was performed to testify the stability of this model.
Results
According to the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria in early OGTT, the mean (SD) age was 30.5 ± 3.7 years in low-risk participants and 31.0 ± 3.9 years in high-risk participants. The area under ROC curve (AUC) of the existing criteria at weeks 7 through 14 varied from 0.705 to 0.724. Based on maternal age, prepregnancy body mass index, and results of early OGTT, the AUC of our prediction model was 0.8720, which was validated by both internal (AUC 0.8541) and external (AUC 0.8241) confirmation.
Conclusions
The existing diagnostic criteria were unsatisfactory for early prediction of GDM. By combining early OGTT, we provided an effective prediction model of GDM in the first trimester.
Journal Article
scPriorGraph: constructing biosemantic cell–cell graphs with prior gene set selection for cell type identification from scRNA-seq data
Cell type identification is an indispensable analytical step in single-cell data analyses. To address the high noise stemming from gene expression data, existing computational methods often overlook the biologically meaningful relationships between genes, opting to reduce all genes to a unified data space. We assume that such relationships can aid in characterizing cell type features and improving cell type recognition accuracy. To this end, we introduce scPriorGraph, a dual-channel graph neural network that integrates multi-level gene biosemantics. Experimental results demonstrate that scPriorGraph effectively aggregates feature values of similar cells using high-quality graphs, achieving state-of-the-art performance in cell type identification.
Journal Article
GnRH agonist and hCG (dual trigger) versus hCG trigger for follicular maturation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials
Background
Traditionally, final follicular maturation is triggered by a single bolus of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). This acts as a surrogate to the naturally occurring luteinizing hormone (LH) surge to induce luteinization of the granulosa cells, resumption of meiosis and final oocyte maturation. More recently, a bolus of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist in combination with hCG (dual trigger) has been suggested as an alternative regimen to achieve final follicular maturation.
Methods
This study was a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials evaluating the effect of dual trigger versus hCG trigger for follicular maturation on pregnancy outcomes in women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). The primary outcome was the live birth rate (LBR) per started cycle.
Results
A total of 1048 participants were included in the analysis, with 519 in the dual trigger group and 529 in the hCG trigger group. Dual trigger treatment was associated with a significantly higher LBR per started cycle compared with the hCG trigger treatment (risk ratio (RR) = 1.37 [1.07, 1.76], I
2
= 0%, moderate evidence). There was a trend towards an increase in both ongoing pregnancy rate (RR = 1.34 [0.96, 1.89], I
2
= 0%, low evidence) and implantation rate (RR = 1.31 [0.90, 1.91], I
2
= 76%, low evidence) with dual trigger treatment compared with hCG trigger treatment. Dual trigger treatment was associated with a significant increase in clinical pregnancy rate (RR = 1.29 [1.10, 1.52], I
2
= 13%, low evidence), number of oocytes collected (mean difference (MD) = 1.52 [0.59, 2.46), I
2
= 53%, low evidence), number of mature oocytes collected (MD = 1.01 [0.43, 1.58], I
2
= 18%, low evidence), number of fertilized oocytes (MD = 0.73 [0.16, 1.30], I
2
= 7%, low evidence) and significantly more usable embryos (MD = 0.90 [0.42, 1.38], I
2
= 0%, low evidence).
Conclusion
Dual trigger treatment with GnRH agonist and HCG is associated with an increased live birth rate compared with conventional hCG trigger.
Trial registration
CRD42020204452
.
Journal Article