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A major challenge in tokamak fusion research is first-wall erosion caused by steady heat loads and sudden energy bursts known as edge-localized modes. Divertor detachment reduces steady-state heat flux, while resonant magnetic perturbations can suppress these instabilities. However, integrating the two has been difficult because they require conflicting operating conditions. Here we demonstrate simultaneous achievement of resonant magnetic perturbations mitigated small edge-localized modes and impurity seeded partial divertor detachment in plasmas with an ITER-similar shape on the DIII-D tokamak. Experiments and simulations show that resonant magnetic perturbations facilitate detachment by redistributing particles, lowering the core density and increasing the scrape-off layer density, thereby reducing the amount of injected gas required. Cooling-gas injection eliminates the secondary heat-flux peak created by three-dimensional magnetic lobes, while edge cooling weakens the plasma response to the applied magnetic fields. These advances illustrate a viable pathway for integrating edge stability control with power exhaust in future fusion reactors. Tokamak walls suffer erosion from steady and bursty heat loads. Here, the authors demonstrate that optimizing 3D magnetic field and cooling gas injection can tame destructive plasma bursts while enabling cooler, safer exhaust conditions.

The tokamak approach, utilizing a toroidal magnetic field configuration to confine a hot plasma, is one of the most promising designs for developing reactors that can exploit nuclear fusion to generate electrical energy 1 , 2 . To reach the goal of an economical reactor, most tokamak reactor designs 3 – 10 simultaneously require reaching a plasma line-averaged density above an empirical limit—the so-called Greenwald density 11 —and attaining an energy confinement quality better than the standard high-confinement mode 12 , 13 . However, such an operating regime has never been verified in experiments. In addition, a long-standing challenge in the high-confinement mode has been the compatibility between a high-performance core and avoiding large, transient edge perturbations that can cause very high heat loads on the plasma-facing-components in tokamaks. Here we report the demonstration of stable tokamak plasmas with a line-averaged density approximately 20% above the Greenwald density and an energy confinement quality of approximately 50% better than the standard high-confinement mode, which was realized by taking advantage of the enhanced suppression of turbulent transport granted by high density-gradients in the high-poloidal-beta scenario 14 , 15 . Furthermore, our experimental results show an integration of very low edge transient perturbations with the high normalized density and confinement core. The operating regime we report supports some critical requirements in many fusion reactor designs all over the world and opens a potential avenue to an operating point for producing economically attractive fusion energy. A stable tokamak plasma has been demonstrated with a high plasma density and a high energy confinement quality, both of which are simultaneously important for fusion reactors.

Recently, Zhao et al. \\cite{Zhao-2021-25} characterized the distributivity equations of null-uninorms with continuous and Archimedean underlying operators over overlap or grouping functions. Moreover, Liu et al. \\cite{Liu-2020-25} studied the distributive laws of continuous t-norms over overlap functions. In this paper, we proceed with the distributivity characterization of idempotent null-uninorms over overlap or grouping functions. In order to do that, we introduce a class of weak overlap and grouping functions with weak coefficients, and obtain the full characterizations of overlap and grouping functions by considering the different values of underlying uninorms' associated functions of idempotent null-uninorms on the interval endpoints and comparing them with the weak coefficients. Obviously, idempotent null-uninorms generalize idempotent uninorms. Thus, the obtained results also generalize the distributivity of idempotent uninorms proposed as future work in

The genetic manipulation of the laboratory mouse has been well developed and generated more and more mouse lines for biomedical research. To advance our science exploration, it is necessary to share genetically modified mouse lines with collaborators between institutions, even in different countries. The transfer process is complicated. Significant paperwork and coordination are required, concerning animal welfare, intellectual property rights, colony health status, and biohazard. Here, we provide a practical example of importing a transgenic mice line, Dynamin 1 knockout mice, from Yale University in the USA to Perking University in China for studying cell secretion. This example including the length of time that required for paper work, mice quarantine at the receiving institution, and expansion of the mouse line for experiments. The procedure described in this paper for delivery live transgenic mice from USA to China may serve a simple reference for transferring mouse lines between other countries too.

A major challenge in tokamak fusion research is first-wall erosion caused by steady heat loads and sudden energy bursts known as edge-localized modes. Divertor detachment reduces steady-state heat flux, while resonant magnetic perturbations can suppress these instabilities. However, integrating the two has been difficult because they require conflicting operating conditions. Here we demonstrate simultaneous achievement of resonant magnetic perturbations mitigated small edge-localized modes and impurity seeded partial divertor detachment in plasmas with an ITER-similar shape on the DIII-D tokamak. Experiments and simulations show that resonant magnetic perturbations facilitate detachment by redistributing particles, lowering the core density and increasing the scrape-off layer density, thereby reducing the amount of injected gas required. Cooling-gas injection eliminates the secondary heat-flux peak created by three-dimensional magnetic lobes, while edge cooling weakens the plasma response to the applied magnetic fields. These advances illustrate a viable pathway for integrating edge stability control with power exhaust in future fusion reactors.

Edge-Localized-Mode (ELM) suppression by resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) generally occurs over very narrow ranges of the plasma current (or magnetic safety factor q95) in the DIII-D tokamak. However, wide q95 ranges of ELM suppression are needed for the safety and operational flexibility of ITER and future reactors. In DIII-D ITER Similar Shape (ISS) plasmas with n=3 RMPs, the range of q95 for ELM suppression is found to increase with decreasing electron density. Nonlinear two-fluid MHD simulations reproduce the observed q95 windows of ELM suppression and the dependence on plasma density, based on the conditions for resonant field penetration at the top of the pedestal. When the RMP amplitude is close to the threshold for resonant field penetration, only narrow isolated magnetic islands form near the top of the pedestal, leading to narrow q95 windows of ELM suppression. However, as the threshold for field penetration decreases with decreasing density, resonant field penetration can take place over a wider range of q95. For sufficiently low density (penetration threshold) multiple magnetic islands form near the top of the pedestal giving rise to continuous q95 windows of ELM suppression. The model predicts that wide q95 windows of ELM suppression can be achieved at substantially higher pedestal pressure in DIII-D by shifting to higher toroidal mode number (n=4) RMPs.

Objectives: Swamp eel is one model species for sexual reversion and an aquaculture fish in China. One local strain with deep yellow and big spots of Monopterus albus has been selected for consecutive selective breeding. The objectives of this study were characterizing the Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) of M. albus in the assembled genome obtained recently, and developing polymorphic SSRs for future breeding programs. Methods: The genome wide SSRs were mined by using MISA software, and their types and genomic distribution patterns were investigated. Based on the available flanking sequences, primer pairs were batched developed, and Polymorphic SSRs were identified by using Polymorphic SSR Retrieval tool. The obtained polymorphic SSRs were validated by using e-PCR and capillary electrophoresis, then they were used to investigate genetic diversity of one breeding population. Results: A total of 364,802 SSRs were identified in assembled M. albus genome. The total length, density and frequency of SSRs were 8,204,641 bp, 10,259 bp/Mb, and 456.16 loci/Mb, respectively. Mononucleotide repeats were predominant among SSRs (33.33%), and AC and AAT repeats were the most abundant di- and tri-nucleotide repeats motifs. A total of 287,189 primer pairs were designed, and a high-density physical map was constructed (359.11 markers per Mb). A total of 871 polymorphic SSRs were identified, and 38 SSRs of 101 randomly selected ones were validated by using e-PCR and capillary electrophoresis. Using these 38 polymorphic SSRs, 201 alleles were detected and genetic diversity level (Na, PIC, HO, and He) was evaluated. Conclusions: The genome-wide SSRs and newly developed SSR markers will provide a useful tool for genetic mapping, diversity analysis studies in swamp eel in the future. The high level of genetic diversity (Na = 5.29, PIC = 0.5068, HO = 0.4665, He = 0.5525) but excess of homozygotes (FIS = 0.155) in one breeding population provide baseline information for future breeding program.

Objective To explore the effects of the autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR) on the psychological cravings and anxiety of women compulsorily isolated for detoxification. Method Around 122 women were recruited in a female drug detoxification center. Except for the 12‐week training of ASMR, the experimental conditions of the experimental group (n = 60) were the same as those of the control group (n = 62). The addiction Stroop task was used to assess the level of psychological cravings and the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory was used to assess the level of anxiety. Results After the training, the decrease in state anxiety of the experimental group was larger than that of the control group, and the reaction time of the experimental group in the Stroop was also significantly lower than before the training. Conclusions ASMR could thus reduce to a certain extent the state anxiety and attentional bias for drug‐related clues under signaling psychological cravings among women compulsorily isolated for detoxification. HIGHLIGHTS Intervention effects on psychological cravings and anxiety of women isolated for detoxification Basis for role of ASMR in regulating psychological cravings and anxiety in forced abstainers ASMR intervention reduced forced abstainers’ attentional bias to drug‐related clues

This study aimed to summarize the distribution pattern of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The frequency, characteristics and distribution of all TCM syndromes of 549 patients with T2DM were analyzed. The average age of T2DM onset was higher in women than in men (ie, men experienced earlier onset). The distribution of TCM syndromes, in order of frequency, was as follows: damp-heat trapping spleen (including spleen deficiency and dampness, damp heat due to spleen deficiency, and qi weakness due to spleen deficiency) (58.29%), qi-yin deficiency (16.03%), deficiency of yin and excessive heat (12.93%), blood stasis in collaterals (9.41%), and yin-yang deficiency (3.21%). The physical intensity of patients' occupational activity was mainly light (49.6%), followed by heavy (31.4%) and moderate (19.0%). Damp-heat trapping spleen is the most common TCM syndrome in patients with T2DM, with damp heat due to spleen deficiency the most significant subtype. This syndrome tends to occur in people over the age of 60 and those undertaking too much or too little physical activity in their occupational activities. The traditional \"three more and one less\" symptoms do not adequately describe the clinical symptoms of T2DM.