Explore the vast range of titles available.

Although indium tin oxide (ITO) is widely used in optoelectronics due to its high optical transmittance and electrical conductivity, its degenerate doping limits exploitation as a semiconduction material. In this work, we created short-channel active transistors based on an ultra-thin (down to 4 nm) ITO channel and a high-quality, lanthanum-doped hafnium oxide dielectric of equivalent oxide thickness of 0.8 nm, with performance comparative to that of existing metal oxides and emerging two-dimensional materials. Short-channel immunity, with a subthreshold slope of 66 mV per decade, off-state current <100 fA μm–1 and on/off ratio up to 5.5 × 109, was measured for a 40-nm transistor. Logic inverters working in the subthreshold regime exhibit a high gain of 178 at a low-supply voltage of 0.5 V. Moreover, radiofrequency transistors, with as-measured cut-off frequency fT and maximum oscillation frequency fmax both >10 GHz, have been demonstrated. The unique wide bandgap and low dielectric constant of ITO provide prospects for future scaling below the 5-nm regime for advanced low-power electronics.

Aligned semiconducting carbon nanotubes are a potential alternative to silicon in the creation of scaled field-effect transistors (FETs) due to their easy miniaturization and high energy efficiency. However, it remains unclear whether aligned nanotube transistors can be fabricated at the same dimensions as low-node silicon technology and maintaining high performance. Here we report aligned carbon nanotube FETs that can be scaled to a size corresponding to the 10 nm silicon technology node. We first fabricate nanotube FETs with a contacted gate pitch of 175 nm (achieved by scaling the gate length and contact length to 85 nm and 80 nm, respectively) that exhibit an on current of 2.24 mA μm –1 and peak transconductance of 1.64 mS μm –1 ; this is superior to 45 nm silicon technology node transistors in terms of size and electronic performance. Six nanotube FETs are used to create a static random-access memory cell with an area of 0.976 μm 2 , which is comparable with the 90 nm silicon technology node. A full-contact structure is then introduced between the metal and nanotubes to achieve a low contact resistance of 90 Ω μm and reduce the dependence on the contact length. This is used to create nanotube FETs with a contacted gate pitch of 55 nm—corresponding to the 10 nm node—with carrier mobility and Fermi velocity higher than the 10 nm silicon metal–oxide–semiconductor transistors. Aligned carbon nanotubes can be used to create six-transistor static random-access memory cells with an area of less than 1 μm 2 and performance superior to cells made using 90-nm-node silicon transistors, as well as field-effect transistors with scaled contacted gate pitch comparable with the 10 nm silicon technology node.

The model pump is a high-speed, high-power pump designed to achieve rapid mine flooding rescue. This study conducted experiments to investigate pump performance curves, including head, efficiency, and power for the following six different rotation speeds: 3000, 3600, 4200, 4800, 5400, and 6000 rpm. Then, the numerical simulation method based on computational fluid dynamics commercial code Ansys was used to present the internal flow of the pump for the six different rotation speeds through steady and unsteady analyses. Results show that the numerical results agree well with experimental data. The designs of outlet and inlet angles of the impeller match each other well at high rotation speeds. The pressure pulsation coefficient Cp in the impeller and the diffuser channel remain constant at the same monitor point under different rotation speed conditions. The varying trend of the pressure-augmented coefficient ΔP indicates that, with the increase in rotation speed, the effect on pressure rise induced by the back part of the impeller channel is more evident than that by the front part. Also, the main frequency components of ΔP are concentrated on the region with low frequency. Moreover, the rotation speed has no significant effect on ΔP in the diffuser region. This study provides effective guidance and valuable reference for the design of high-speed, high-power pumps.

The rapid development of cryptocurrencies has led to an increasing severity of money laundering activities. In recent years, leveraging graph neural networks for cryptocurrency fraud detection has yielded promising results. However, many existing methods predominantly focus on node classification, i.e., detecting individual illicit transactions, rather than uncovering behavioral pattern differences among money laundering groups. In this paper, we tackle the challenges presented by the organized, heterogeneous, and noisy nature of Bitcoin money laundering. We propose a novel subgraph-based contrastive learning algorithm for heterogeneous graphs, named Bit-CHetG, to perform money laundering group detection. Specifically, we employ predefined metapaths to construct the homogeneous subgraphs of wallet addresses and transaction records from the address–transaction heterogeneous graph, enhancing our ability to capture heterogeneity. Subsequently, we utilize graph neural networks to separately extract the topological embedding representations of transaction subgraphs and associated address representations of transaction nodes. Lastly, supervised contrastive learning is introduced to reduce the effect of noise, which pulls together the transaction subgraphs with the same class while pushing apart the subgraphs with different classes. By conducting experiments on two real-world datasets with homogeneous and heterogeneous graphs, the Micro F1 Score of our proposed Bit-CHetG is improved by at least 5% compared to others.

This study aimed to explore the association of systolic blood pressure (SBP) trajectories of pregnant women with the risk of adverse outcomes of pregnant women and their fetuses. A register-based cohort of 63,724 pregnant women and their fetuses from January 2013 to December 2017 was investigated. Demographic characteristics, history of disease and family history of disease for pregnant women and perinatal outcomes were recorded, and blood pressure was measured during the whole pregnancy. SBP trajectories were estimated with latent mixture modeling by Proc Traj in SAS using SBP data from the first antenatal care appointment (8–14 weeks), the highest SBP before admission, the admission SBP and the SBP at 2 h postpartum. A censored normal model (CNORM) was considered appropriate, and model fit was assessed using the Bayesian information criterion (BIC). A logistic regression model was used to examine the association between SBP trajectories and the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. Four distinct SBP trajectory patterns over the pregnancy period were identified and were labeled as low-stable, moderate-stable, high-decreasing and moderate-increasing. Three maternal and three fetal adverse outcomes were selected as the main outcome measures. After adjusting for confounding factors, compared with pregnant women with the low-stable pattern, those with the high-decreasing pattern had a higher risk of developing poor growth outcomes of fetuses, while those with the moderate-increasing pattern had higher risks of developing both adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Our study results suggest that pregnant women should pay attention to the control of blood pressure throughout pregnancy.

Objective The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) 2023 staging system for endometrial cancer (EC) was released with incorporating histology, lympho-vascular space invasion, and molecular classification together. Our objective is to further explore the clinical utility and prognostic significance of the 2023 FIGO staging system in China. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted for patients who received standard surgeries and underwent genetic testing using multigene next-generation sequencing (NGS) panels between December 2018 and December 2023 at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China. The genomic and clinical data of all patients were analyzed, and stages were determined by both the 2009 and 2023 FIGO staging systems. Kaplan–Meier estimators and Cox proportional hazards models were used for survival analysis. Results A total of 547 patients were enrolled in the study. After the restaged by the FIGO 2023 staging system, stage shifts occurred in 147/547 (26.9%) patients. In patients with early stages in FIGO 2009 (stage I-II), 63 cases were rearranged to IAm POLE mut and 53 cases to IICmp53abn due to the molecular classification of POLE mut and p53abn. Altogether 345 cases were in stage I, 107 cases in stage II, 69 cases in stage III, and 26 cases in stage IV according to the FIGO 2023 staging criteria. For stage I diseases, the 3-year PFS rate was 92.7% and 95.3% in 2009 and 2023 FIGO staging systems, respectively. The 3-year PFS of stage II in 2023 FIGO was lower than that of FIGO 2009 (3-year PFS: 85.0% versus 90.9%), especially in substage IIC and IICmp53abn. Three cases (12%) of stage IIIA in FIGO 2009 were shifted to stage IA3 FIGO 2023, with 3-year PFS rates of 90.9% versus 100%, respectively. In NGS analysis, the most prevalent gene alterations were observed in PTEN and PIK3CA. Conclusion The FIGO 2023 staging system was proved to be a good predictor of survival for EC patients with enhanced precision compared to FIGO 2009. Predominant stage shifts were observed in early-stage diseases. Distinct gene alterations of different subtypes may help to explore more accurate target therapies.

Objective To evaluate temporal lung changes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and to determine the appropriate computed tomographic (CT) follow-up time. Methods Eighty-six patients with two or more HRCT scans who were diagnosed with COVID-19 were included. The CT score and major CT findings were evaluated. Results Eighty-two (95.3%) patients had lesions on the initial HRCT scans. Most scans showed bilateral, multifocal lung lesions, with multiple lobes involved and diffuse distribution. For fifty-seven patients with type I (progress compared with the initial CT score), the CT score reached a peak at 12 days and the nadir at 36 days. For twenty-nine patients with type II (no progress compared with the initial CT score), the lowest CT score was reached at 23 days. On the final HRCT scans (>21 days), patients with a reticular pattern were older than those without a reticular pattern. Conclusion The appropriate follow-up time of CT scans is during the second week (approximately 12 days) and the fourth to fifth weeks (approximately 23–36 days) from the onset of illness. These times could help reduce the CT radiation dose and show timely changes in the course of the disease by CT.

To study the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from low C/N ratio rural domestic sewage by Fe–C mixed fillers, in this study, a laboratory-scale iron-carbon microelectronics system (IC-ME) and an activated carbon system (AC) were established to purify rural domestic sewage with a C/N ratio of 1.9–4.4. The results show that the removal rates of NO3−-N, total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) of the IC-ME system are 89.25%, 80.64%, and 92.2%, respectively. During the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 36 h, when the C/N ratio is 1.9. They are much higher than those of the AC system (NO3−-N: 31.09%; TN: 64.15%; TP: 26.34%). All the indicators reached the first class B standard of “Pollutant Discharge Standard of Urban Sewage Treatment Plant” (GB18918-2002) and the first-level discharge standard of Guangxi’s “Water Pollutants Discharge Standard for Rural Domestic Sewage Treatment Facilities” (DB45/2413–2021). Micro-electrolysis can provide electrons for denitrification, further facilitating the process. In addition, the effective phosphorus removal is caused primarily by the corrosion of the iron anodes, which produces Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions. These ions then react with PO43− to form phosphate precipitates, and at the same time, create Fe(OH)3/Fe(OH)2 colloids with OH− in the water, which can adsorb and flocculate organic phosphorus and PO43−. Based on high-throughput sequencing studies, the microbial abundance of Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, and Firmicutes is much higher in the IC-ME system than in the AC system. Overall, the IC-ME process provides a new strategy for treating domestic wastewater in rural areas with low C/N ratios.

Zero-valent iron (ZVI) and rice husk (RH) have potential as adsorbents for heavy metals; however, their effects on iron plaque formation and heavy metal uptake by plants are still unclear. In this study, the impacts of ZVI, RH and their combinations on iron plaque formation on the root surface and the uptake of As and Cd by rice plants were investigated. A pot experiment was performed under waterlogged conditions using As(III)- or Cd(II)-spiked soil. The results showed that ZVI (0.05% or 0.2%) with or without RH significantly increased iron plaque formation and Fe contents in rice plants and pore water. Under As treatment, ZVI (0.05% or 0.2%) without or with RH obviously increased the As content in plaques and reduced the As content in grains by 67% and 66% and 19% and 24%, respectively. The Cd content was markedly increased in iron plaques and reduced in roots, shoots and grains by ZVI and RH. ZVI (0.05% or 0.2%), RH and their combinations reduced the grain Cd content by 61, 62, 60, 68 and 69%. These findings suggest that ZVI is effective in hindering As and Cd uptake by rice with or without RH in paddies contaminated with As or Cd.

The paper presents a novel algorithm to classify children's epileptic syndromes based on the fused features of electroencephalogram (EEG) and electrocardiogram (ECG). The purpose is to assess whether multimodal physiological signals could improve the classification performance of epileptic syndromes over a single physiological signal. The study is carried out on the epileptic syndromes database recorded by the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (CHZU), that includes the synchronised EEGs and ECGs of 16 children suffered from the infantile spasms (known as the WEST syndrome, named) and the childhood absence epilepsy (CAE), respectively. Experiments are conducted and compared using the EEGs and ECGs in the ictal and interictal periods. The data imbalanced issue between the ictal and interictal periods is also considered by applying a synthetic minority sample generating approach. The experimental results show that using the fused feature of EEG + ECG can achieve an average of 98.15% overall classification accuracy, which is better than using the single physiological signal.