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The type of electron acceptor group has a significant effect on the photovoltaic properties of solar cell sensitizers. In this study, on the basis of previous studies of the π1- and π2-linked groups of D-π1-A1-π2-A2-type sensitizers, the photoelectric properties of Ullazine-Based photosensitizing dyes were further optimized by adjusting the electron-absorbing groups at the A1 and A2 positions. DFT and TDDFT calculations revealed that substituting the A1 position with a BTD moiety led to a substantial increase in the light absorption capacity of the dye. Furthermore, the incorporation of a CSSH moiety at the A2 position resulted in a significant redshift of the absorption spectrum and a notable increase in the light trapping efficiency. Moreover, TDM analysis indicates that HOMO→LUMO is the predominant mode of transition in the S 0 →S 1 exciton transition of the dye molecule on the basis of the BTD motif. This mode remains the dominant mode after the introduction of the CSSH motif, although its contribution is reduced. Notably, HJ19 (A1 for BTD, A2 for CSSH) and HJ20 (A1 for difluorosubstituted BTD, A2 for CSSH) dyes demonstrate optimal optoelectronic properties, exhibiting redshifted absorption wavelengths by more than 79 nm and enhanced maximum absorption efficiencies by more than 40% with those of the YZ7 sensitizer.

Background Anti-melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 antibody positive dermatomyositis (MDA5 + DM) is an autoimmune disease related to rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RPILD) with high mortality. However, the pathogenesis of MDA5 + DM with RPILD remains unclear. We aimed to explore the peripheral immune landscape of MDA5 + DM with RPILD using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Methods We performed scRNA-seq of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from MDA5 + DM with RPILD ( n  = 4), MDA5 + DM with ILD (non-RPILD, n  = 3), and healthy controls (HCs, n  = 3). Results The proportion of CD14 + monocytes increased, but the proportion of natural killer cells, CD4 + T cells and CD8 + T cells decreased in MDA5 + DM with RPILD compared with HCs. Obvious antiviral response was the main feature of MDA5 + DM with RPILD, and the expression of several interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) related to RIG-I pathway increased, including IRF7, DDX60, IFI27 and IFI6. However, this antiviral response was not significant in MDA5 + DM with ILD. In addition, multiple immune pathways were downregulated in MDA5 + DM with RPILD, including antigen processing and presentation, translation initiation, mRNA splicing, and activation of T and B cells. Cell communication analysis revealed that multiple signaling pathways, including MHC-I and MHC-II, were attenuated in MDA5 + DM with RPILD. Notably, MHC-II signaling was absent in CD4 + naïve T cells from MDA5 + DM with RPILD. Conclusions This study demonstrates that antiviral response plays an important role in the pathogenesis of MDA5 + DM with RPILD, as well as changes in downstream immune pathways, providing potential therapeutic targets for future treatment.

Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) negatively impacts mental health, particularly in mothers of autistic children who experience heightened stress. Applied behaviour analysis (ABA) and music therapy are recognised interventions for improving ASD symptoms. However, the specific benefits of parent–child music therapy and ABA for autistic children and their mothers remain uncertain. This study evaluated the effects of parent–child music therapy on preschool autistic children and their mothers. Method A randomised controlled trial was conducted with 100 mother–child pairs assigned to either the control group receiving ABA or the intervention group receiving both music therapy and ABA. Qualitative interviews were conducted post-intervention for 12 mothers. Results Children in the intervention group exhibited lower scores for ASD symptoms than those in the control group. Moreover, mothers in the intervention group demonstrated reduced dysfunctional parent–child interaction, lower overall parental stress, significantly improved family functioning, and increased levels of hope compared with those in the control group. Mothers held positive views regarding music therapy. Conclusions Combining ABA with parent–child music therapy can alleviate ASD symptoms in children and reduce stress in mothers. Improved parent–child interaction and enhanced family functioning further support the benefits of this combined approach. Parent–child music therapy, combined with ABA demonstrated positive outcomes for autistic children, including reduced ASD symptoms, improved parent–child interaction, decreased parental stress, enhanced family functioning, and increased hope. These findings highlight the potential of incorporating music therapy as a valuable component in the comprehensive treatment of ASD. Trial registration This study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial registry (05/07/2021, ChiCTR2100048261, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=128957 ). Ethical approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of Fujian Medical University and the study hospital (Fujian Provincial Maternity and Child Health Hospital; 2017 − 105), and informed consent was obtained from all subjects and/or their legal guardian(s).

Background Restricting parturient women in healthcare facilities from choosing positions that provide the greatest comfort and benefit during labor is a global barrier. Several complex factors, including caregiver preference and medical intervention, shape the limitation. Therefore, a practical need exists to train midwives on the knowledge and skills to change this condition. Methods The study used a parallel, single-blind, randomized controlled trial at a provincial maternity and child health hospital in Fujian, China, from June 1 to December 31, 2019. The midwives in a birth suite were selected and randomly enrolled in a one-month simulation-based hybrid training or face-to-face teaching in September 2019. The four-level Kirkpatrick’s model, including reaction, learning, behavior, and results , was used to evaluate training effects before and after the program. Data were analyzed with SPSS 25.0 using Student’s t -test, Spearman’s correlation test, Mann–Whitney U test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and chi-square test analysis of variance. The significance level was set at p  < 0.05. Results Forty-two midwives were initially randomized to either the virtual simulation group or the face-to-face group. One midwife was excluded from the analysis due to intervention discontinuation, resulting in a final analysis of 41 midwives (n1 = 21, n2 = 20). Post-intervention, the virtual simulation group exhibited higher satisfaction and learning effects compared to the face-to-face group, while the rate of perineal incision in primiparas was lower ( p <0.05). No significant changes or differences were observed in self-rated behavior between the two groups ( p >0.05). The virtual simulation group demonstrated an increase in non-supine birth rate ( p  = 0.030) and a decrease in perineal incision rate among primiparas compared to pre-intervention ( p  = 0.035). Moreover, knowledge performance was associated with the duration of virtual simulation ( r  = 0.664, p  = 0.001). Conclusions Virtual simulation is a fascinating innovation that enables midwives to develop birthing positions without practicing on real pregnant women and is one solution to achieve work competency within a shortened training period.

Mercury (Hg) is a global pollutant that may potentially have serious impacts on human health and ecologies. The gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) exchanges between terrestrial surfaces and the atmosphere play important roles in the global Hg cycle. This study investigated GEM exchange fluxes over two land cover types (including Artemisia anethifolia coverage and removal and bare soil) using a dynamic flux chamber attached to the LumexR RA915+ Hg analyzer during the growing season from May to September of 2018, in which the interactive effects of plant coverage and meteorological conditions were highlighted. The daily mean ambient levels of GEM and the total mercury concentrations of the soil (TSM) were determined to be 12.4 ± 3.6 to 16.4 ± 5.6 ng·m−3 and 32.8 to 36.2 ng·g−1, respectively, for all the measurements from May to September. The GEM exchange fluxes (ng·m−2·h−1) during the five-month period for the three treatments included the net emissions from the soil to the atmosphere (mean 5.4 to 7.1; range of −27.0 to 47.3), which varied diurnally, with releases occurring during the daytime hours and depositions occurring during the nighttime hours. Significant differences were observed in the fluxes between the vegetation coverage and removal during the growing months (p < 0.05). In addition, it was determined that the Hg fluxes were positively correlated with the solar radiation and air/soil temperature levels and negatively correlated with the air relative humidity and soil moisture under all the conditions (p < 0.05). Overall, the results obtained in this study demonstrated that the grassland soil served as both a source and a sink for atmospheric Hg, depending on the season and meteorological factors. Furthermore, the plants played an important inhibiting role in the Hg exchanges between the soil and the atmosphere.

To examine the effects of web neonatal intensive care unit diaries on the mental health, quality of life, sleep quality, care ability, and hormone levels of parents of preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit. Prospective randomized controlled parallel-group clinical trial. Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Fujian, China. The control group received routine neonatal intensive care unit care, while the intervention group received a web neonatal intensive care unit diary based on routine care. Outcomes, including anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, quality of life, sleep quality, care ability, and cortisol and melatonin levels, were evaluated at T1 (Time 1, before the intervention), T2 (Time 2, immediately after the intervention), and T3 (Time 3, 1 month after the intervention). Seventy pairs of parents of preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit were randomly allocated to two groups: intervention (n = 35) and control (n = 35). The anxiety scores in the intervention group were significantly lower at T2 and T3 than those in the control group (P < 0.001). The care ability scores in the intervention group were significantly higher at T2 and T3 (P < 0.001). The prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder at T3 was significantly different between the groups (P = 0.040). No significant differences were observed in the quality of life or sleep quality between the groups at T2 and T3 (P > 0.05). No significant differences were observed in cortisol and melatonin levels between the groups (P > 0.05). Web neonatal intensive care unit diaries effectively relieved anxiety symptoms, reduced the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder, and enhanced the care abilities of parents of preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit. Web neonatal intensive care unit diary can be considered in clinical practice as a convenient psychological intervention method, especially among parents of preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, special education schools for children in most areas of China were closed between the end of January and the beginning of June in 2020. The sudden interruption in schooling and the pandemic itself caused parents to be anxious and even to panic. Mobile-based parenting skills education has been demonstrated to be an effective method for improving the psychological well-being of mothers with children with autism. However, whether it can improve the psychological states of mothers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic is a subject that should be urgently investigated. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of WeChat-based parenting training on anxiety, depression, parenting stress, and hope in mothers with children with autism, as well as the feasibility of the program during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was a quasi-experimental trial. A total of 125 mothers with preschool children with autism were recruited in January 2020. The participants were assigned to the control group (n=60), in which they received routine care, or the intervention group (n=65), in which they received the 12-week WeChat-based parenting training plus routine care, according to their preferences. Anxiety, depression, parenting stress, hope, satisfaction, and adherence to the intervention were measured at three timepoints: baseline (T0), postintervention (T1), and a 20-week follow-up (T2). In total, 109 mothers completed the T1 assessment and 104 mothers completed the T2 assessment. The results of the linear mixed model analysis showed statistically significant group × time interaction effects for the intervention on anxiety (F=14.219, P<.001), depression (F=26.563, P<.001), parenting stress (F=68.572, P<.001), and hope (F=197.608, P<.001). Of all mothers in the intervention group, 90.4% (48.8/54) reported that they were extremely satisfied with the WeChat-based parenting training. In total, 40.0% (26/65) logged their progress in home training each week and 61.5% (40/65) logged their progress more than 80% of the time for all 20 weeks. The WeChat-based parenting training is acceptable and appears to be an effective approach for reducing anxiety, depression, and parenting stress, as well as increasing hope in mothers with children with autism during the global COVID-19 pandemic. Future studies with rigorous designs and longer follow-up periods are needed to further detect the effectiveness of the WeChat-based parenting training. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2000031772; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=52165.

Purpose Under different abiotic-stress conditions, the unicellular green microalga Dunaliella salina accumulates large amounts of carotenoids which are accompanied by fatty acid biosynthesis. Carotenoids and fatty acids both possess long carbon backbones; however, the relationship between carotenoid and fatty acid metabolism is controversial and remains poorly understood in microalgae. Methods In this study, we investigated the growth curves and the β-carotene, lutein, lipid, and fatty acid contents of D. salina Y6 grown under different abiotic-stress conditions, including high light, nitrogen depletion, and high salinity. Results Both high-salinity and nitrogen-depleted conditions significantly inhibited cell growth. Nitrogen depletion significantly induced β-carotene accumulation, whereas lutein production was promoted by high light. The accumulation of lipids did not directly positive correlate with β-carotene and lutein accumulation under the three tested abiotic-stress conditions, and levels of only a few fatty acids were increased under specific conditions. Conclusion Our data indicate that cellular β-carotene accumulation in D. salina Y6 positive correlates with accumulation of specific fatty acids (C16:0, C18:3n3, C14:0, and C15:0) rather than with total fatty acid content under different abiotic stress conditions.

Panicle architecture is a key determinant of rice grain yield and is mainly determined at the 1-2 mm young panicle stage. Here, we investigated the transcriptome of the 1-2 mm young panicles from 275 rice varieties and identified thousands of genes whose expression levels were associated with panicle traits. Multimodel association studies suggested that many small-effect genetic loci determine spikelet per panicle (SPP) by regulating the expression of genes associated with panicle traits. We found that alleles at cis -expression quantitative trait loci of SPP-associated genes underwent positive selection, with a strong preference for alleles increasing SPP. We further developed a method that integrates the associations of cis - and trans -expression components of genes with traits to identify causal genes at even small-effect loci and construct regulatory networks. We identified 36 putative causal genes of SPP, including SDT (MIR156j) and OsMADS17 , and inferred that OsMADS17 regulates SDT expression, which was experimentally validated. Our study reveals the impact of regulatory variants on rice panicle architecture and provides new insights into the gene regulatory networks of panicle traits. Panicle architecture significantly determines rice grain yield. Here, the authors investigate the transcriptome of young panicles from 275 rice varieties and propose a method to identify causal genes for panicle traits and construct regulatory networks.

The frequent occurrence of global flood disasters leads to millions of people falling into poverty each year, which poses immense pressure on governments and hinders social development. Therefore, providing more data support for flood disaster detection is of paramount importance. To facilitate the development of water body detection algorithms, we create the DaliWS dataset for water segmentation, which contains abundant pixel-level annotations, and consists of high spatial resolution SAR images collected from the GaoFen-3 (GF-3) satellite. For comprehensive analysis, extensive experiments are conducted on the DaliWS dataset to explore the performance of the state-of-the-art segmentation models, including FCN, SegNeXt, U-Net, and DeeplabV3+, and investigate the impact of different polarization modes on water segmentation. Additionally, to probe the generalization of our dataset, we further evaluate the models trained with the DaliWS dataset, on publicly available water segmentation datasets. Through detailed analysis of the experimental results, we establish a valuable benchmark and provide usage guidelines for future researchers working with the DaliWS dataset. The experimental results demonstrate the F1 scores of FCN, SegNeXt, U-Net, and DeeplabV3+ on the dual-polarization data of DaliWS dataset reach to 90.361%, 90.192%, 92.110%, and 91.199%, respectively, and these four models trained using the DaliWS dataset exhibit excellent generalization performance on the public dataset, which further confirms the research value of our dataset.