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"Hu, Yao"
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Optical orbital-angular-momentum-multiplexed data transmission under high scattering
Multiplexing multiple orbital angular momentum (OAM) channels enables high-capacity optical communication. However, optical scattering from ambient microparticles in the atmosphere or mode coupling in optical fibers significantly decreases the orthogonality between OAM channels for demultiplexing and eventually increases crosstalk in communication. Here, we propose a novel scattering-matrix-assisted retrieval technique (SMART) to demultiplex OAM channels from highly scattered optical fields and achieve an experimental crosstalk of –13.8 dB in the parallel sorting of 24 OAM channels after passing through a scattering medium. The SMART is implemented in a self-built data transmission system that employs a digital micromirror device to encode OAM channels and realize reference-free calibration simultaneously, thereby enabling a high tolerance to misalignment. We successfully demonstrate high-fidelity transmission of both gray and color images under scattering conditions at an error rate of <0.08%. This technique might open the door to high-performance optical communication in turbulent environments.Recovering scattered data from twisted lightTwisted light beams can be made to transmit higher quality data by decoding the information present in the ‘speckle patterns’ that arise when they pass through scattering media. Lei Gong of the University of Science and Technology of China and colleagues developed the ‘scattering-matrix-assisted retrieval technique’ (SMART) to recover scattered data from multiplexed multiple orbital angular momentum (OAM) channels. These multiple twisting light beams have the potential to carry unlimited data channels, but light scattering, caused by micro-particles in the atmosphere or by energy transfer between channels, reduces data quality. The SMART platform allowed high-fidelity transmission of images, reducing the error rate by 21 times compared to previous reports. Improvements on the technique could facilitate the transfer of high quality optical data in harsh atmospheric or underwater conditions.
Journal Article
Quantum gravity of the Heisenberg algebra
A
bstract
We consider a simplified model of double scaled SYK (DSSYK) in which the Hamiltonian is the position operator of the Harmonic oscillator. This model captures the high temperature limit of DSSYK but could also be defined as a quantum theory in its own right. We study properties of the emergent geometry including its dynamics in response to inserting matter particles. In particular, we find that the model displays de Sitter-like properties such as that infalling matter reduces the rate of growth of geodesic slices between the two boundaries. The simplicity of the model allows us to compute the full generating functional for correlation functions of the length mode or any number of matter operators. We provide evidence that the effective action of the geodesic length between boundary points is non-local. Furthermore, we use the on-shell solution for the geodesic lengths between any two boundary points to reconstruct an effective bulk metric and reverse engineer the dilaton gravity theory that generates this metric as a solution.
Journal Article
Research progress on adenosine in central nervous system diseases
As an endogenous neuroprotectant agent, adenosine is extensively distributed and is particularly abundant in the central nervous system (CNS). Under physiological conditions, the concentration of adenosine is low intra‐ and extracellularly, but increases significantly in response to stress. The majority of adenosine functions are receptor‐mediated, and primarily include the A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 receptors (A1R, A2AR, A2BR, and A3R). Adenosine is currently widely used in the treatment of diseases of the CNS and the cardiovascular systems, and the mechanisms are related to the disease types, disease locations, and the adenosine receptors distribution in the CNS. For example, the main infarction sites of cerebral ischemia are cortex and striatum, which have high levels of A1 and A2A receptors. Cerebral ischemia is manifested with A1R decrease and A2AR increase, as well as reduction in the A1R‐mediated inhibitory processes and enhancement of the A2AR‐mediated excitatory process. Adenosine receptor dysfunction is also involved in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), depression, and epilepsy. Thus, the adenosine receptor balance theory is important for brain disease treatment. The concentration of adenosine can be increased by endogenous or exogenous pathways due to its short half‐life and high inactivation properties. Therefore, we will discuss the function of adenosine and its receptors, adenosine formation, and metabolism, and its role for the treatment of CNS diseases (such as cerebral ischemia, AD, depression, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and sleep disorders). This article will provide a scientific basis for the development of novel adenosine derivatives through adenosine structure modification, which will lead to experimental applications.
Journal Article
Insights into layered–tunnel dynamic structural evolution based on local coordination chemistry regulation for high‐energy‐density and long‐cycle‐life sodium‐ion oxide cathodes
The pursuit of high energy density while achieving long cycle life remains a challenge in developing transition metal (TM) oxide cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Here, we present a concept of precisely manipulating structural evolution via local coordination chemistry regulation to design high‐performance composite cathode materials. The controllable structural evolution process is realized by tuning magnesium content in Na 0.6 Mn 1− x Mg x O 2 , which is elucidated by a combination of experimental analysis and theoretical calculations. The substitution of Mg into Mn sites not only induces a unique structural evolution from layered–tunnel structure to layered structure but also mitigates the Jahn–Teller distortion of Mn 3+ . Meanwhile, benefiting from the strong ionic interaction between Mg 2+ and O 2− , local environments around O 2− coordinated with electrochemically inactive Mg 2+ are anchored in the TM layer, providing a pinning effect to stabilize crystal structure and smooth electrochemical profile. The layered–tunnel Na 0.6 Mn 0.95 Mg 0.05 O 2 cathode material delivers 188.9 mAh g −1 of specific capacity, equivalent to 508.0 Wh kg −1 of energy density at 0.5C, and exhibits 71.3% of capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 5C as well as excellent compatibility with hard carbon anode. This work may provide new insights of manipulating structural evolution in composite cathode materials via local coordination chemistry regulation and inspire more novel design of high‐performance SIB cathode materials. image
Journal Article
Relationship between dynamic changes of peri-procedure anxiety and short-term prognosis in patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention for coronary heart disease: A single-center, prospective study
Patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) often experience anxiety, but the current studies on anxiety mostly focused on a certain point in time. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the dynamic changes of peri-procedure anxiety, status of post-procedure quality of life, and cardiovascular readmission rates in patients with CHD who undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and to analyze the influence of peri-procedure anxiety on quality of life and readmission rate after PCI.
This prospective study was conducted at Changshu NO.1 People's Hospital. A total of 220 patients with CHD undergoing elective PCI were selected as study subjects. The general information, clinical data, anxiety, quality of life and readmission of patients were collected. Multivariate linear regression was used to examine the effect of peri-procedure anxiety on quality of life, and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influence of peri-procedure anxiety on readmission rate.
This study showed the anxiety scores at hospitalization appointment(T1), 3 days before procedure(T2), 1 day before procedure(T3), 1 day after procedure(T4) were 57(55,61),64(61,68),54(51.58), and 54(50,60), respectively. And, at 3 months and 6 months after PCI, the scores of Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) were 346.61(319.06,366.52) and 353.34(334.18,372.84) respectively. During 6 months follow-up, 54 cases were readmitted, with a readmission rate of 25.5%. Statistical analysis showed that T1 with anxiety (P = 0.002) and T2 with anxiety (P = 0.024) were independent risk factors for treatment satisfaction at 3 months after PCI. Anxiety in T4 (P = 0.005) was an independent risk factor on the angina frequency at 6 months after PCI. T2 with anxiety (B = 1.445, P = 0.010, 95%CI:1.409-12.773) and T4 without anxiety (B = -1.587, P = 0.042, 95%CI:-0.044-0.941) were risk factors affecting readmission for cardiovascular reasons within 6 months.
Patient anxiety at T1 and T2 affects the treatment satisfaction dimension of the SAQ at 3 months after PCI, and anxiety at T4 affects the angina frequency dimension of the SAQ at 6 months after PCI. Anxiety at T2 and no anxiety at T4 increase short-term readmission rates. In the future, interventions should be strengthened at various time points in the peri-procedure period to improve post-procedure rehabilitation effect.
Journal Article
Engineering upconverting core-shell nano-probe for spectral responsive fluid velocimetry
Particle velocimetry based on the temporal feature of upconversion luminescent nanocrystals is a newly-raising fluid velocimetry. Exploiting the availability to low flow rate fluid and exempting redundance external calibration (achieving once calibration for all) are highly expected and challenging. Herein, an engineered core-shell nano-probe, NaYF
4
:Yb/Ho/Ce@NaGdF
4
, was proposed, in which the Ce
3+
ions were utilized to manipulate the upconversion dynamic of Ho
3
+. Through optimization, a superior sensitive against low-speed flow is achieved, and the external calibrations before each operation can be avoided. Application demonstrations were conducted on a fluid circulation system with controllable flow rate. The fluid velocity was monitored successfully, no matter it is permanent, or cyclically variating (imitating the
in vivo
arterial blood). Moreover, this velocimetric route is competent in spatial scanning for handling the spatially inhomogeneous velocity field. Such sensing nanomaterial and fluid velocimetric method exhibit promising application potential in human blood velocimetry, industrial control, or environmental monitoring.
Journal Article
Beyond the Boltzmann equation for weakly coupled quantum fields
A
bstract
We study the kinetic theory of a weakly interacting quantum field. Assuming a state that is close to homogeneous and stationary, we derive a closed kinetic equation for the rate of change of the occupation numbers, perturbatively in the coupling. For a dilute gas, this reproduces the quantum Boltzmann equation, which only accounts for two-to-two scattering processes. Our expression goes beyond this, with terms accounting for multi-particle scattering processes, which are higher order in the density.
Journal Article