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"Hu, Zhang"
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NLRP3 Inflammasome and Inflammatory Bowel Disease
NLRP3 inflammasome can be widely found in epithelial cells and immune cells. The NOD-like receptors (NLRs) family member NLRP3 contains a central nucleotide-binding and oligomerization (NACHT) domain which facilitates self-oligomerization and has ATPase activity. The C-terminal conserves a leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) domain which can modulate NLRP3 activity and sense endogenous alarmins and microbial ligands. In contrast, the N-terminal pyrin domain (PYD) can account for homotypic interactions with the adaptor protein-ASC of NLRP3 inflammasome. These characters enable it function in innate immunity. Its downstream effector proteins include caspase-1 and IL-1β etc. which exhibit protective or detrimental roles in mucosal immunity in different studies. Here, we comprehensively review the current literature regarding the physiology of NLRP3 inflammasome and its potential roles in the pathogenesis of IBD. We also discuss about the complex interactions among the NLRP3 inflammasome, mucosal immune response, and gut homeostasis as found in experimental models and IBD patients.
Journal Article
Comparison of laparoscopic verse open oesophagogastric devascularisation with splenectomy in portal hypertension: A meta-analysis
Abstract
To assess the efficacy and safety in treating portal hypertension by laparoscopic oesophagogastric devascularisation with splenectomy. I searched the randomised controlled trials about the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic oesophagogastric devascularisation with splenectomy in treating portal hypertension from PubMed (1998~2023.02), Wanfang Data (1990~2023.02), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (1979~2023.02), Whip (1989~2023.02) and International Statistical Institute (1998~2023.02). I extracted the data from these trials, and I got the meta-analysis from RevMan 5.3 software. Seventeen randomised control trials involving 1326 patients were included (671 patients in the laparoscopic oesophagogastric devascularisation with splenectomy in the portal hypertension group and 655 patients in the open resection group). Compared with open resection group, this Meta-analysis showed that laparoscopic esophagogastric devascularization with splenectomy in portal hypertension group could reduce the intraoperative bloodloss (P < 0.05), shorten the postoperative time of recovery of intestinal peristalsis (P < 0.05), reduce the postoperative drainage volume (P < 0.05), reduce the drainage tube removal time (P < 0.05), shorten the postoperation hospital stay (P < 0.05), shorten the total hospitalization cost (P = 0.05), shorten the postoperative ambulation (P < 0.05), shorten the postoperative complication rate (P < 0.05). But there was no significant difference in the operation time (P > 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the operation time (P > 0.05). Compared with open resection group, the total effect of laparoscopic oesophagogastric devascularisation with splenectomy in the treatment of portal hypertension is better. Laparoscopic oesophagogastric devascularisation with splenectomy in the treatment of portal hypertension is acceptable.
Journal Article
Chinese maritime power in the 21st century : strategic planning, policy and predictions
\"This book analyses China's maritime strategy for the 21st century, integrating strategic planning, policy thinking and strategic prediction. This book explains the construction and application of China's military, political, economic and diplomatic means for building maritime power, and predicts the future of China's maritime power by 2049, as well as development trends in global maritime politics. It explores both the strengths and the limitations of President Xi's 'Maritime Dream' and provides a candid assessment of the likely future balance at sea between China and the United States. This volume explains and discusses China's claims and intentions in the East and South China Seas and makes some recommendations for China's future policy that will lessen the chance of conflict with the United States and its closer neighbours. This book will be of much interest to students of maritime strategy, naval studies, Chinese politics and International Relations in general\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
COVID-19 and the Digestive System
The outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia in 2019 (Coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]) is now threatening global public health. Although COVID-19 is principally defined by its respiratory symptoms, it is now clear that the virus can also affect the digestive system. In this review, we elaborate on the close relationship between COVID-19 and the digestive system, focusing on both the clinical findings and potential underlying mechanisms of COVID-19 gastrointestinal pathogenesis.
Journal Article
Automatic Detection and Classification of Rib Fractures on Thoracic CT Using Convolutional Neural Network: Accuracy and Feasibility
Objective To evaluate the performance of a convolutional neural network (CNN) model that can automatically detect and classify rib fractures, and output structured reports from computed tomography (CT) images. Materials and Methods This study included 1079 patients (median age, 55 years; men, 718) from three hospitals, between January 2011 and January 2019, who were divided into a monocentric training set (n = 876; median age, 55 years; men, 582), five multicenter/multiparameter validation sets (n = 173; median age, 59 years; men, 118) with different slice thicknesses and image pixels, and a normal control set (n = 30; median age, 53 years; men, 18). Three classifications (fresh, healing, and old fracture) combined with fracture location (corresponding CT layers) were detected automatically and delivered in a structured report. Precision, recall, and F1-score were selected as metrics to measure the optimum CNN model. Detection/diagnosis time, precision, and sensitivity were employed to compare the diagnostic efficiency of the structured report and that of experienced radiologists. Results A total of 25054 annotations (fresh fracture, 10089; healing fracture, 10922; old fracture, 4043) were labelled for training (18584) and validation (6470). The detection efficiency was higher for fresh fractures and healing fractures than for old fractures (F1-scores, 0.849, 0.856, 0.770, respectively, p = 0.023 for each), and the robustness of the model was good in the five multicenter/multiparameter validation sets (all mean F1-scores > 0.8 except validation set 5 [512 × 512 pixels; F1-score = 0.757]). The precision of the five radiologists improved from 80.3% to 91.1%, and the sensitivity increased from 62.4% to 86.3% with artificial intelligence-assisted diagnosis. On average, the diagnosis time of the radiologists was reduced by 73.9 seconds. Conclusion Our CNN model for automatic rib fracture detection could assist radiologists in improving diagnostic efficiency, reducing diagnosis time and radiologists' workload.
Journal Article
Ion effects on the scaling of magnetic field amplification in plasmas with the system size
Magnetic field amplification during the nonlinear stage of the current filamentation instability excited by ultra-relativistic electron beams is investigated with a two-dimensional electromagnetic particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation code, with special attention paid to the effects of plasma ions and the system size. The effect of plasma ions is shown to be significant and enhanced magnetic field amplification and beam energy deposition are found due to plasma cavity expansion and merger. When the system size in the transverse direction (perpendicular to the beam propagation direction) is enlarged by a factor of m , the transverse magnetic field energy is found to increase by a factor of m 2 in the case of the plasma with movable ions, in contrast to m with immovable ions. The results are also confirmed by three-dimensional PIC simulations.
Journal Article