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Background Bloodstream infection of Klebsiella pneumoniae (BSI-KP) were associated with increased mortality. Klebsiella pneumoniae was tested to susceptible to colistin by E-test and broth microdilution method in clinical laboratory. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of colistin versus tigecycline, carbapenem monotherapy and combination in the treatment of BSI-KP. Methods Electronic databases such as PubMed, Web of Science and Embase were searched. The last search was in November 24th, 2022, addressing the colistin, carbapenems and tigecycline monotherapy and combination treatments in patients with BSI-KP. The primary outcomes were 30-day or 28-day mortality. OR where available with 95% CI were pooled in random-effects meta-analysis. Results Following the outlined search strategy, a total of 658 articles were identified from the initial database searching. Six studies, 17 comparisons were included. However, they all were observational design, lacking high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Moderate or low-quality evidences suggested that colistin monotherapy was associated with an OR = 1.35 (95% CI = 0.62–2.97, P  = 0.45, Tau 2  = 0.00, I 2  = 0%) compared with tigecycline monotherapy, OR = 0.81 (95% CI = 0.27–2.45, P  = 0.71, Tau 2  = 0.00, I 2  = 0%) compared with carbapenem monotherapy. Compared with combination with tigecycline or carbapenem, Colistin monotherapy resulted in OR of 3.07 (95% CI = 1.34–7.04, P  = 0.008, Tau 2  = 0.00, I 2  = 0%) and 0.98 (95%CI = 0.29–3.31, P  = 0.98, Tau 2  = 0.00, I 2  = 0% ), respectively. Conclusions Colistin, carbapenem and tigecycline monotherapy showed similar treatment effects in patients who suffered from BSI-KP. Compared with colistin monotherapy, colistin combined tigecycline therapy might play the synergism effects. Trial registration retrospectively registered.

LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb dating has been greatly advanced and widely applied in the past decade because it is a cheap and fast technique. The internal error of LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb dating can be better than 1%, but reproducibility （accuracy） is relatively poor. In order to quantitatively assess the accuracy of this technique, zircons from two dioritic rocks, a Mesozoic dioritic microgranular enclave （FS06） and a Neoproterozoic diorite （WC09-32）, were dated independently in eight laboratories using SIMS and LA-ICPMS. Results of three SIMS analyses on FS06 and WC09-2 are indistinguishable within error and give a best estimate of the crystallization age of 132.2 and 760.5 Ma （reproducibility is -1%, 2RSD）, respectively. Zircon U-Pb ages determined by LA-ICPMS in six laboratories vary from 128.3±1.0 to 135.0±0.9 Ma （2SE） for FS06 and from 742.9±3.1 to 777.8±4.7 Ma （2SE） for WC09-32, suggesting a reproducibility of -4% （2RSD）. Uncertainty produced during LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb analyses comes from multiple sources, including uncertainty in the isotopic ratio measurements, uncertainty in the fractionation factor calculation using an external standard, uncertainty in the age determination as a result of common lead correction, age uncertainty of the external standards and uncertainty in the data reduction. Result of our study suggests that the uncertainty of LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb dating is approximately 4% （2RSD）. The uncertainty in age determination must be considered in order to interpret LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb data rationally.

A fruity aroma is regarded as an important factor in the evaluation of black tea quality. However, the compounds contributing to a particularly fruity aroma still garner less attention. In this study, we aimed to identify the aroma-active compounds of the peach-like aroma of Jinmudan black tea (JBT). We used gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to reveal the profile of the chemical compounds integrated into JBT and identified terpenoids, heterocyclic, and esters that contribute to its floral and fruity aroma. Under the PCA and PLS-DA modes, JBT and Fuyun NO. 6 black tea (FBT) can be divided into two classes, respectively (class 1 and class 2); several compounds, including indole, methyl salicylate, and δ-decalactone, have a higher VIP value (Variable Importance in Projection), and it has been found that δ-decalactone was the characteristic aromatic compound of peach fruit. Gas chromatography–olfactometry (GC-O) and the odor activity value (OAV) indicated that, in JBT, linalool, phenylacetaldehyde, and δ-decalactone could be considered aroma-active compounds (AACs). However, in FBT, the high content of heterocyclic compounds contribute to its caramel-like aroma. As for the biochemical compounds measurement, JBT has a higher content of theaflavins (TFs), thearubigins (TRs), and flavonoids. These results provide a theoretical basis for the quality and processing improvement in JBT.

Deep learning has gained widespread interest in the task of building semantic segmentation modelling using remote sensing images; however, neural network models require a large number of training samples to achieve better classification performance, and the models are more sensitive to error patches in the training samples. The training samples obtained in semi-supervised classification methods need less reliable weakly labelled samples, but current semi-supervised classification research puts the generated weak samples directly into the model for applications, with less consideration of the impact of the accuracy and quality improvement of the weak samples on the subsequent model classification. Therefore, to address the problem of generating and optimising the quality of weak samples from training data in deep learning, this paper proposes a semi-supervised building classification framework. Firstly, based on the test results of the remote sensing image segmentation model and the unsupervised classification results of LiDAR point cloud data, this paper quickly generates weak image samples of buildings. Secondly, in order to improve the quality of the spots of the weak samples, an iterative optimisation strategy of the weak samples is proposed to compare and analyse the weak samples with the real samples and extract the accurate samples from the weak samples. Finally, the real samples, the weak samples, and the optimised weak samples are input into the semantic segmentation model of buildings for accuracy evaluation and analysis. The effectiveness of this paper’s approach was experimentally verified on two different building datasets, and the optimised weak samples improved by 1.9% and 0.6%, respectively, in the test accuracy mIoU compared to the initial weak samples. The results demonstrate that the semi-supervised classification framework proposed in this paper can be used to alleviate the model’s demand for a large number of real-labelled samples while improving the ability to utilise weak samples, and it can be used as an alternative to fully supervised classification methods in deep learning model applications that require a large number of training samples.

Laocong Shuixian (LCSX), a premium Wuyi rock tea derived from aged Shuixian tea trees, is valued by consumers for its distinctive “Cong flavor”—a unique aroma profile characterized by woody, bamboo leaf, and glutinous rice notes. However, the chemical basis and underlying mechanisms of this unique aroma remain unclear. Here, we assessed and established a professional sensory evaluation panel using the PanelCheck software, with significant F-value levels >5% confirming the panel’s discriminative capacity for key “Cong flavor” attributes. Combining a literature review and sensory analysis, we identified the descriptive terms associated with the “Cong flavor” of LCSX. Gas chromatography–olfactometry–mass spectrometry (GC–O–MS) analysis revealed 36 key aroma-active compounds, among which theaspirone (OAV = 500.05, ACI = 37%, Rwoody = 0.82), δ-decalactone (OAV = 65.6, ACI = 4.3%, Rwoody = 0.77), and 2-acetylpyrrole (OAV = 163, ACI = 9%, Rrice = 0.74) were identified as the contributors to the woody and rice-like notes of LCSX based on odor activity values and correlation analyses. Molecular docking results demonstrated that these compounds spontaneously bind to multiple olfactory receptors, with binding affinity ≤−5.0 kcal/mol, providing insights into their roles in human aroma perception: theaspirone to OR8D1; δ-decalactone to OR1E2, OR5M3, OR7D4, OR7G1, OR8D1 and OR8G1; and 2-acetylpyrrole to OR1E2, OR1G1, OR5M3, OR7D4, OR7G1, OR8D1, and OR8G1. This study enhances our understanding of the formation of distinctive aroma qualities in oolong tea and establishes a foundation for further research into its sensory and chemical properties.

A novel construction of compactly supported orthogonal scaling functions and wavelets with spline functions is presented in this paper. Let M n be the center B-spline of order n , except for the case of order one, we know M n is not orthogonal. But by the formula of orthonormalization procedure, we can construct an orthogonal scaling function corresponding to M n . However, unlike M n itself, this scaling function no longer has compact support. To induce the orthogonality while keeping the compact support of M n , we put forward a simple, yet efficient construction method that uses the formula of orthonormalization procedure and the weighted average method to construct the two-scale symbol of some compactly supported orthogonal scaling functions.

Nowadays, thanks to the rapid development of communication network technology, the multimedia data with image and video as the carrier increases exponentially. Therefore, how to transmit data efficiently and securely has become an important research topic. In order to reduce the amount of data during image transmission and ensure the security of images, we propose a joint image compression and encryption method based on discrete cosine transform (DCT) and hyperchaotic system (HCS) in this paper. This scheme consists of two stages, i.e., compression and encryption. In the compression stage, plain-image is transformed by cosine transform in blocks, and then only a small number of DCT coefficients in the upper left corner of each block are retained to achieve the purpose of compression. In the encryption stage, the compressed image is first divided into blocks, and then each block is permutated by Arnold transformation to achieve a local scrambling effect. Next, the scrambled matrix generated by HCS is used to scramble the image after Arnold transformation. By local and global scrambling, the correlation between adjacent pixels can be destroyed effectively. Finally, the chaotic sequence generated by HCS is used to diffuse the scrambled image, and the cipher image is obtained. Moreover, our algorithm exhibits excellent compression performance compared with existing related algorithms. The result of experiment test indicate that our approach possesses excellent image compression ability and cryptographic properties.

The MyD88-independent pathway, one of the two crucial TLR signaling routes, is thought to be a vertebrate innovation. However, a novel Toll/interleukin-1 receptor （TIR） adaptor, designated bbtTICAM, which was identified in the basal chordate amphioxus, links this pathway to invertebrates. The protein architecture of bbtTICAM is similar to that of vertebrate TICAM1 （TIR-containing adaptor molecule-I, also known as TRIF）, while phylogenetic analy- sis based on the TIR domain indicated that bbtTICAM is the oldest ortholog of vertebrate TICAM1 and TICAM2 （TIR-containing adaptor molecule-2, also known as TRAM）. Similar to human TICAM1, bbtTICAM activates NF-κB in a MyD88-independent manner by interacting with receptor interacting protein （RIP） via its RHIM motif. Such activation requires bbtTICAM to form homodimers in endosomes, and it may be negatively regulated by amphioxus SARM （sterile α and armadillo motif-containing protein） and TRAF2. However, bbtTICAM did not induce the pro- duction of type I interferon. Thus, our study not only presents the ancestral features of vertebrate TICAM1 and TI- CAM2, but also reveals the evolutionary origin of the MyD88-independent pathway from basal chordates, which will aid in understanding the development of the vertebrate TLR network.

Continental arcs are the sites of production of continental crust, but the origin of these magmatic systems is not well understood. Although a number of processes have been suggested to be important, the role of water migrating from slab to surface during subduction has been underappreciated. Directly below the Moho, hot (approximately 1,100 °C), hydrous basaltic magmas fractionate as they cool to the regional geotherm at 750 to 800 °C, ultimately solidifying as mafic underplates. Cooling and fractionation cause water to exsolve and ascend, triggering fluid-fluxed melting of overlying mafic underplates and other crust. Melting of prior mafic underplates buffers temperatures and generates the voluminous, juvenile low-K magmas of Cordilleran batholiths. These granitoid magmas comprise a low-temperature slurry of melt and residue, and recrystallize into silicic mush during adiabatic ascent. Such hydrous mushes are intermittently infused by hotter, more mafic magmas, which hybridize and facilitate ascent and, potentially, eruption. Fluid-fluxed melting overcomes many of the general petrological and geochemical problems associated with models dominated by fractional crystallization. The role of water during repeated episodes of mafic underplating is critical to generate the juvenile granitoid infrastructure of the continents.Migration of water from the slab to the surface during subduction is highlighted as a key process in the formation of continental crust.

Background The caspase family, which plays a central role in apoptosis in metazoans, has undergone an expansion in amphioxus, increasing to 45 members through domain recombination and shuffling. Results In order to shed light on the conservation and uniqueness of this family in amphioxus, we cloned three representative caspase genes, designated as bbtCaspase-8, bbtCaspase-1/2 and bbtCaspase3 -like, from the amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense . We found that bbtCaspase-8 with conserved protein architecture is involved in the Fas-associated death domain-Caspase-8 mediated pro-apoptotic extrinsic pathway, while bbtCaspase3 -like may mediate a nuclear apoptotic pathway in amphioxus. Also, bbtCaspase-1/2 can co-localize with bbtFADD2 in the nucleus, and be recruited to the cytoplasm by amphioxus apoptosis associated speck-like proteins containing a caspase recruitment domain, indicating that bbtCaspase-1/2 may serve as a switch between apoptosis and caspase-dependent innate immune response in invertebrates. Finally, amphioxus extrinsic apoptotic pathway related caspases played important roles in early embryogenesis. Conclusions Our study not only demonstrates the conservation of bbtCaspase-8 in apoptosis, but also reveals the unique features of several amphioxus caspases with novel domain architectures arose some 500 million years ago.