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Inflammation and hyperuricemia are closely associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are emerging as novel biomarkers. While, the synergistic effects of these biomarkers with hyperuricemia on CKD remain unclear. We analyzed 10,226 participants from 2015-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The relationships among inflammatory biomarkers (SIRI, SII, MLR, NLR, and PLR), hyperuricemia and CKD were assessed by multivariate logistic regression models. Restricted cubic splines (RCS) and segmented regression models were used to evaluate the nonlinear relationships. The diagnostic performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and incremental predictive value was further calculated by Net Reclassification Improvement (NRI) and Integrated Discrimination Improvement (IDI). The interaction analysis was performed to explore the combined effects. SIRI, SII, MLR, and NLR were significantly linked with CKD. MLR exhibited a threshold effect at 0.22 ( -non-linear < 0.05), with significantly stronger association with CKD above this cutoff. SIRI demonstrated the best diagnostic accuracy among these biomarkers. Significant interactions were observed between hyperuricemia and inflammatory biomarkers (SIRI, SII, MLR, NLR), indicating that the association between inflammatory biomarkers and CKD is more pronounced in the presence of hyperuricemia. There were significant associations between inflammatory biomarkers (SII, SIRI, NLR, MLR) and CKD, with particularly stronger correlations observed in patients with hyperuricemia.

Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and overweight/obesity are significant global public health issues. Appropriate free-time physical activity (PA) is essential for overweight/obese patients with chronic kidney disease, but specific guidelines are lacking. The present study was conducted to determine the association between PA and all-cause mortality in these patients. Methods Data from 3,434 overweight/obese adults with CKD from the 1999–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were analyzed. Associations between clinical/laboratory findings and PA intensity (moderate and vigorous) were investigated. The all-cause mortality of patients in different PA categories were compared by Kaplan–Meier analysis. Factors associated with all-cause mortality were determined using a Cox proportional hazards model. A restricted cubic spline was employed to obtain a more flexible and detailed representation of the relationship between PA intensity and all-cause mortality, with better predictive capability. Results The Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that greater all-cause mortality was associated with < 10 min/week moderate/vigorous PA (log-rank p  < 0.001). A greater survival probability was associated with ≥ 150 min/week vigorous PA or 10–149 min/week moderate PA (log-rank p  < 0.001). Age, gender, vigorous PA, smoking status, alcohol consumption, diabetes status, eGFR, serum albumin level, uric acid level, and blood urea nitrogen level were identified as factors associated independently with mortality in the Cox proportional hazards analysis. The restricted cubic splines revealed that these relationships were non-linear (all p  < 0.05). Kaplan–Meier analysis of data from patients who engaged in 10–450 min/week moderate/vigorous PA revealed significant differences between the 0–74-min/week and other vigorous PA groups (all log-rank p  < 0.001). Conclusions Extended durations of vigorous PA are associated with reduced all-cause mortality in overweight/obese patients with CKD. Clinicians should recommend vigorous free-time PA to these patients, and public health interventions should target this goal to maximize patient health.

Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) have an elevated risk of adverse events and mortality. However, there is currently a lack of convenient and effective clinical tools to predict AKI risk in this population. The present study was conducted to create such tools containing inflammatory and nutritional indexes. Data from 720 adults diagnosed with IgAN by renal biopsy at the First Hospital of Jilin University were collected. They were randomly divided into a training set (  = 503) and a test set (  = 217) in a 7:3 ratio. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses with backward selection were used to identify risk factors, resulting in multiple prediction models. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to simplify the model. The models were presented using nomograms, and their performances were evaluated through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, area under the curve (AUC), Hosmer-Lemeshow test, net reclassification improvement (NRI), integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), calibration curves, and clinical decision curve analysis (DCA). Eleven risk factors related to IgAN with AKI were identified, including nephrotic syndrome (NS), T score from the Oxford histological classification, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), 24-hour urinary protein quantification (24h-UPRO), C-reactive protein (CRP), systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-to-CRP ratio (LCR), and prognostic nutritional index (PNI). These factors contributed to the development of seven prediction models. ROC curves indicated good predictive performance for all models, with the full model performing best. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed that six models fit well in the test set. DCA results demonstrated significant clinical benefits for all models. CRP, SIRI, LMR, PLR, LCR, and PNI were identified as novel AKI predictors in patients with IgAN. A series of prediction models incorporating these factors were developed for better clinical applicability, with the full model performing the best.

Inflammation plays a crucial role in occurrence of kidney injury, and specific dietary patterns can influence systemic inflammation levels. However, the relationship between dietary inflammatory potential and early-stage kidney damage remains unclear. 2,108 participants was recruited from 2001-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) is utilized to assess dietary inflammatory potential, calculated through a 24-h dietary recall questionnaire. Early renal injury was evaluated using urinary albumin to creatinine (UACR), cystatin C (CysC), β-2 microglobulin (β2M), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) based on serum creatinine (eGFRs), cystatin C (eGFRc), and both Scr and CysC (eGFRs&c). Participant characteristics were analyzed, and association between DII, hypertension, and early renal injury markers was explored using multiple linear and logistic regression models. The average age of participants was 53.9 years. DII exhibited a positive correlation with UACR (β = -0.048[0.017,0.078]), β2M (β = 0.019[0.010,0.027]), CysC (β = 0.012 [0.004,0.021]). Conversely, a negative correlation was observed between DII and eGFRc (β = -1.126[-1.554, -0.699]), eGFRs&c (β=-1.101[-1.653, -0.549]). A significant association was observed between hypertension and abnormality of early kidney damage markers. Subgroup analysis reveals that the positive correlation between DII and the occurrence of abnormal markers of early kidney damage is only observed in individuals with hypertension. Furthermore, an interaction between DII and hypertension was detected in eGFRs&c (OR:1.250[1.042, 1.499], p for interaction = 0.03). Higher levels of DII may be associated with occurrence of early kidney damage. For individuals with hypertension, avoiding excessive consumption of pro-inflammatory foods may reduce the risk of renal injury.

Dietary selenium intake and hypertension were associated with cognitive function, but it was limitedly understood whether the effect of selenium intake on cognitive function in older adults was modified by hypertension status. A total of 2416 participants aged ≥ 60 years old from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2011–2014 were involved in this study. Selenium intake from foods was estimated using two non-consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls. Blood pressure was measured by trained personnel or physicians at a mobile testing center. Cognitive function was measured by Registry for Alzheimer’s disease (CERAD), the Animal Fluency test (AFT), and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Among 2,416 participants, we found that higher dietary intake of selenium was associated with higher score on most tests (CERAD: Total Score: P for trend = 0.01; AFT: P for trend = 0.01; DSST: P for trend = 0.02) and hypertension was associated with lower score on each test (CEARD: Total Score (β = − 0.87, P  = 0.03), CERAD: Delayed Recall Score (β = − 0.37, P  = 0.04), AFT (β = − 0.88, P  = 0.03), and DSST (β = − 2.72, P  = 0.02). The interaction of hypertension status and dietary selenium intake on CERAD-immediate ( P for interaction = 0.02) and DSST ( P for interaction = 0.04) were statistical significance. In addition, hypertension did not mediate the association between dietary selenium intake and the four dimensions of cognition. The findings suggest that in older adults with hypertension, higher dietary selenium intake is associated with improved cognitive function, implying a potential nutritional strategy for preventing cognitive impairment in this population.

There is currently no research on the correlation between novel inflammatory indexes systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and the risk of anemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) population, as well as survival analysis in CKD with anemia. This investigation encompassed 4444 adult subjects out of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2005 and 2018. The study utilized multi-variable logistic regression to assess the relationship between SII, NLR, PLR, and anemia risk occurrence in CKD population. Survival differences in CKD patients with anemia, based on varying levels of SII, NLR, and PLR were evaluated employing Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models. The adjusted logistic regression model demonstrates that SII, NLR, and PLR are associated with the risk of anemia occurrence in CKD population. Kaplan-Meier's analysis reveals significant differences in survival rates among CKD patients with anemia stratified by NLR levels. The adjusted Cox proportional hazards model shows that the higher NLR group has a 30% elevated risk of all-cause mortality contrasted with lower group (hazard ratio, HR: 1.30, confidence interval (CI) [1.01, 1.66], value <.04). Restricted cubic spline (RCS) demonstrates no nonlinear relationship between NLR and all-cause mortality. Lastly, sub-cohort analysis indicates that in populations with diabetes, hypertension, and hyperuricemia, NLR levels have a greater impact on all-cause mortality. Controlling inflammation may reduce the occurrence of anemia in CKD populations, with NLR serving to be a potential prognostic indicator for survival results within CKD patients suffering from co-morbid anemia.

Cognitive dysfunction is prevalent among the elderly diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Low protein diets are used for retarding the progression of CKD in clinical practice. Nonetheless, the impact of dietary protein consumption on cognitive function in this population remains uncertain. We recruited 2306 participants (≥60 years) from 2011 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). 24-h dietary recall questionnaire was utilized to evaluate protein intake. Cognitive function was measured using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD), Animal Fluency Test (AFT), and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Participants' characteristics were analyzed, and the interaction between protein consumption and CKD on cognitive impairment were analyzed using a logistic regression model. We divided participants into three groups based on CKD stages: no CKD, CKD stage G1 to G2 (19%), and CKD stage G3 to G5 (18%). The average protein intake was 0.97 g/(kg·d). In the higher protein intake group, CKD stages G1 to G2 elevated the risk of immediate memory impairment (OR: 2.441, 95% Cl: 1.161-5.132 for protein consumption in 1.0-1.2g/(kg·d); OR: 2.225, 95% Cl: 1.015-4.876 for protein consumption in >1.2 g/(kg·d)). However, no similar resuts were observed in the lower protein intake group. In addition, the interaction between CKD status and protein intake on immediate memory was statistically significant (  = .041). A higher probability of cognitive impairment in the elderly with early-stage CKD may be linked to higher protein intake. Low protein diets may be a potential strategy to release cognitive impairment in the elderly with early-stage CKD.

Lignin-containing cellulose nanofibers (L-CNFs) with various lignin contents were produced by a grinding process from switchgrass, which were pretreated using organosolv fractionation. The effect of different fractionation conditions (temperature and time) and different number of grinder passes on the energy consumption and morphologies of L-CNFs were investigated. Results showed that nanosized fibers were found in organosolv-fractionated samples before grinding. After several grinding passes, L-CNFs with a similar degree of fibrillation as commercial cellulose nanofibers (CNF) were obtained from the fractionated materials. It is beneficial to save energy consumption in the grinding process. The dimensions and dispersion of L-CNFs were significantly influenced by the lignin content in the L-CNFs. Longer and well-separated nanofibrils were observed from transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy with appropriate residual lignin (~ 13.7 ± 1.59%) in the L-CNFs compared to those of L-CNFs with either lower or higher lignin contents. Therefore, microsized and nanosized lignin particles were successfully obtained in a single process, and they not only facilitated L-CNFs dispersion but also help to decrease the energy consumption during the grinding process.

The objective of this research was to investigate the presence of residual lignin in cellulose fibers on the efficiency and energy consumption during nanofibers processing. Four kinds of lignin-containing cellulose nanofibers (LCNFs) from switchgrass, yellow poplar, hybrid poplar, and pine, respectively, were isolated via organosolv fractionation coupling mechanical grinding. Nanofibrils were observed after organosolv fractionation. The details of their morphological features, chemical structures, water retention value (WRV), and thermal degradation characteristics were revealed and compared. Mean diameters of nanofibers separated from switchgrass, yellow poplar, hybrid poplar, and pine were 27.9 nm, 25.4 nm, 24.6 nm, and 21.5 nm, respectively. The presence of lignin for the four types of LCNFs led to a decrease in energy consumption and an increase in WRV, among which pine nanofibers show the best with an average energy consumption of 0.511 kWh/kg and a WRV of 537%. It was also demonstrated that increasing lignin content for LCNFs could contribute to the sample’s thermal stability. In conclusion, exact benefits of residual lignin for nanofiber will facilitate its preparation process and extend its application.

Moso bamboo, as a kind of renewable functional material, exhibits outstanding development potential. It is promising to prepare activated carbon with good mechanical strength and high specific surface area using moso bamboo as raw material. In this work, we employed a hydraulic extruder to extrude the bamboo charcoal and the adhesive to obtain the moso bamboo activated carbon, and improved the specific surface area of the columnar activated carbon through high-temperature water vapor activation. Through the catalytic role of the water vapor activation process, the formation and expansion of the pores were promoted and the internal pores were greatly increased. The obtained columnar activated carbon shows excellent mechanical strength (93%) and high specific surface area (791.54 m 2 /g). Polyacrylamide@asphalt is one of the most effective adhesives in the high-temperature water vapor activation. The average pore size (22.99 nm) and pore volume (0.36 cm 3 /g) of the prepared columnar activated carbon showed a high mesoporous ratio (83%). Based on the excellent pore structure brought by the activation process, the adsorption capacity of iodine (1135.75 mg/g), methylene blue (230 mg/g) and carbon tetrachloride (64.03 mg/g) were greatly improved. The resultant moso bamboo columnar activated carbon with high specific surface area, excellent mechanical properties, and outstanding adsorption capacity possesses a wide range of industrial applications and environmental protection potential.