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As one of the most important vegetable crops in the world, the production of tomatoes was restricted by salt stress. Therefore, it is of great interest to analyze the salt stress tolerance genes. As the non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) with a length of more than 200 nucleotides, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) lack the ability of protein-coding, but they can play crucial roles in plant development and response to abiotic stresses by regulating gene expression. Nevertheless, there are few studies on the roles of salt-induced lncRNAs in tomatoes. Therefore, we selected wild tomato Solanum pennellii ( S. pennellii ) and cultivated tomato M82 to be materials. By high-throughput sequencing, 1,044 putative lncRNAs were identified here. Among them, 154 and 137 lncRNAs were differentially expressed in M82 and S. pennellii , respectively. Through functional analysis of target genes of differentially expressed lncRNAs (DE-lncRNAs), some genes were found to respond positively to salt stress by participating in abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway, brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathway, ethylene (ETH) signaling pathway, and anti-oxidation process. We also construct a salt-induced lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network to dissect the putative mechanisms of high salt tolerance in S. pennellii . We analyze the function of salt-induced lncRNAs in tomato roots at the genome-wide levels for the first time. These results will contribute to understanding the molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance in tomatoes from the perspective of lncRNAs.

Soluble sugar is known to improve the sweetness and increase tomato sauce yield. Studies have focused on improving the content of soluble sugar in tomato fruits, usually by promoting functional genes. We studied two genes ( SlINVINH1 and SlVPE5 ) that inhibited the accumulation of soluble sugar in tomato fruits and obtained two genes’ knocked-out lines (CRISPR- invinh1 or CRISPR- vpe5 ) using CRISPR/Cas9. Aggregated lines with CRISPR- invinh1 and CRISPR- vpe5 were gained by hybridization and self-pollination. Compared to wild-type lines, the glucose, fructose, and total soluble solid (TSS) contents of CRISPR- invinh1 and CRISPR- vpe5 increased significantly. Glucose, fructose, and TSS levels further improved simultaneously with CRISPR- invinh1 and CRISPR- vpe5 than with single gene knock-out lines. This indicates that these genes have a synergistic effect and will increase the soluble sugar content. Thus, the knock-out SlINVINH1 and SlVPE5 may provide a practical basis for improving the sweetness of tomato fruits and their processing quality.

Heterotrimeric G protein serves as a central hub in plant signal transduction, playing a pivotal role in integrating endogenous developmental signals and external environmental cues. While significant advances have been made in understanding G protein signaling mechanisms in model plants such as Arabidopsis and major crops like rice and maize, the precise regulatory roles in growth, development, and adaptation in horticultural crops are still poorly understood. In this review, we systematically summarize recent advances in uncovering both conserved and species-specific regulatory mechanisms of G protein signaling across diverse plant species. We also highlight key discoveries on the crosstalk between G protein-mediated pathways and other signaling cascades, such as hormone signaling, transcriptional regulation, and stress response networks. Finally, we discuss the potential applications of G protein signaling research in future crop improvement, offering new perspectives for advancing sustainable horticultural production.

Effective utilization of wild relatives is key to overcoming challenges in genetic improvement of cultivated tomato, which has a narrow genetic basis; however, current efforts to decipher high-quality genomes for tomato wild species are insufficient. Here, we report chromosome-scale tomato genomes from nine wild species and two cultivated accessions, representative of Solanum section Lycopersicon , the tomato clade. Together with two previously released genomes, we elucidate the phylogeny of Lycopersicon and construct a section-wide gene repertoire. We reveal the landscape of structural variants and provide entry to the genomic diversity among tomato wild relatives, enabling the discovery of a wild tomato gene with the potential to increase yields of modern cultivated tomatoes. Construction of a graph-based genome enables structural-variant-based genome-wide association studies, identifying numerous signals associated with tomato flavor-related traits and fruit metabolites. The tomato super-pangenome resources will expedite biological studies and breeding of this globally important crop. A tomato super-pangenome constructed using chromosome-scale genomes of nine wild species and two cultivated accessions highlights genomic diversity and structural variation across wild and cultivated tomatoes.

Morphologies and structures determined by crystallization of the blocks, microphase separation of the copolymers, and vitrification of PLLA block in poly( l -lactide- b -ethylene oxide) (PLLA- b -PEO) copolymers were investigated using microscopic techniques and synchrotron small angle X-ray scattering. The PLLA- b -PEO copolymer films were crystallized from two different annealing processes: melt crystallization (process A) or crystallized from glass state of PLLA block after quenching from melt state (process B). The relationship between the crystalline morphology and microstructure of the copolymers were explored using SAXS. The morphology and phase structure are predominated by crystallization of PLLA block, and greatly influenced by microphase separation of the copolymers. In process B, lozenge-shape and truncated lozenge-shaped PLLA crystals of nanometer scale can be observed. The crystalline morphology is markedly affected by the microstructure formed during the annealing process. Star-shaped morphologies stacked with PLLA single crystals were observed.

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and embryo transfer (ET) in nonhuman primates, e.g. rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys, has been widely used in researches of reproductive and developmental biology, and the success rate has been improved significantly. However, unwanted multiple pregnancy occurs frequently during the ICSI-ET in monkeys, most of which leads to miscarriages. To improve the birth rate of pregnancies and to safeguard health of host and baby monkeys, multifetal pregnancy reduction (MPR) is necessary. In this study, a total of 10monkeys with multiple pregnancies received MPR through transabdominal ultrasound-guided potassium chloride injection into beating hearts of selective fetuses. To assess MPR efficiency, 31 monkeys with normal singleton pregnancies and 25 monkeys with twin pregnancies without MPR were used as controls. The aim of the reduction is to keep only one fetus, nomatter twin or triplet pregnancy originally. Our results show that six cases of MPR were successful and all of them retained single fetus. Moreover, about 1 month (30.2 ± 1.2 days) of gestation is a better timing for MPR than later stage (50.7 ± 1.9 days). We also found that the remaining fetuses developed normally with full-term gestation and normal birth weight. In conclusion, transabdominal ultrasound-guided potassium chloride injection is a safe and effective MPR method for monkeys with multiple pregnancies. Summary Sentence Transabdominal ultrasound-guided potassium chloride injection is a safe and effective multifetal pregnancy reduction method for monkeys with multiple pregnancies.

Part 1 of this volume reviews advances in gene editing techniques such as insertion-based genome edits, base editing, guide RNAs and CRISPR/Cas off targeting. Part 2 surveys applications of gene editing in key cereal and vegetable crops.

As one of the most important vegetable crops in the world, the production of tomatoes was restricted by salt stress. Therefore, it is of great interest to analyze the salt stress tolerance genes. As the non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) with a length of more than 200 nucleotides, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) lack the ability of protein-coding, but they can play crucial roles in plant development and response to abiotic stresses by regulating gene expression. Nevertheless, there are few studies on the roles of salt-induced lncRNAs in tomatoes. Therefore, we selected wild tomato Solanum pennellii (S. pennellii) and cultivated tomato M82 to be materials. By high-throughput sequencing, 1044 putative lncRNAs were identified here. Among them, 154 and 137 lncRNAs were differentially expressed in M82 and S. pennellii, respectively. Through functional analysis of target genes of differentially expressed lncRNAs (DE-lncRNAs), some genes were found to respond positively to salt stress by participating in Abscisic Acid (ABA) signaling pathway, brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathway, ethylene (ETH) signaling pathway and anti-oxidation process. We also construct a salt-induced lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network to dissect the putative mechanisms of high salt tolerance in S. pennellii. We analyze the function of salt-induced lncRNAs in tomato roots at the genome-wide levels for the first time. These results will contribute to understanding the molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance in tomatoes from the perspective of lncRNAs.

HighlightsA transparent, conductive, and flexible metal mesh film has been developed by a low-cost, uniform self-forming crackle template and electroplating strategy.The Cu mesh films show an ultra-low sheet resistance (0.18 Ω □−1), high transmittance (85.8%@550 nm), high figure of merit (> 13,000), excellent stretchability and mechanical stability.The metal mesh film can be used as a flexible heater and electromagnetic interference shielding film (40.4 dB at 2.5 μm).Despite the growing demand for transparent conductive films in smart and wearable electronics for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, achieving a flexible EMI shielding film, while maintaining a high transmittance remains a significant challenge. Herein, a flexible, transparent, and conductive copper (Cu) metal mesh film for EMI shielding is fabricated by self-forming crackle template method and electroplating technique. The Cu mesh film shows an ultra-low sheet resistance (0.18 Ω □−1), high transmittance (85.8%@550 nm), and ultra-high figure of merit (> 13,000). It also has satisfactory stretchability and mechanical stability, with a resistance increases of only 1.3% after 1,000 bending cycles. As a stretchable heater (ε > 30%), the saturation temperature of the film can reach over 110 °C within 60 s at 1.00 V applied voltage. Moreover, the metal mesh film exhibits outstanding average EMI shielding effectiveness of 40.4 dB in the X-band at the thickness of 2.5 μm. As a demonstration, it is used as a transparent window for shielding the wireless communication electromagnetic waves. Therefore, the flexible and transparent conductive Cu mesh film proposed in this work provides a promising candidate for the next-generation EMI shielding applications.

Abstract Background China Professional Football League has been in operation for nearly 30 years and has attracted more and more attention from the public and society. China Professional Football League has promoted the professional and commercial development of Chinese football and attracted a large number of fans. At present, Chinese professional football clubs are struggling, but they still get the support of many fans. The development of any club is inseparable from the support of loyal fans, who are the basis of the development of the club. Only with many loyal fans can the club have long-term and strong vitality. Only by making outstanding achievements, excavating the economic benefits of the club, establishing and maintaining the club culture and cultivating a large number of loyal fans, can the club bring profound heritage and solid economic benefits to the club. Football club has a large number of loyal fans, which is the cornerstone of the sustainable and vigorous development of professional football league. However, due to many factors, the loyalty of fans has decreased, which is related to the evaluation of pursuit by the Internet. Subjects and Methods Based on this, this paper studies the loyalty of Chinese football fans, takes the fans of China Henan sslm football club as the research object, and analyzes the current situation of China Henan sslm football club and its fans. Through the research, it is found that with the continuous development of the Internet, public emotional behavior will have an important impact on football public opinion. There are two directions: one is the top-down impact, the other is the bottom-up impact; It is mainly manifested in two typical ways: social mobilization and emotional social struggle in football public opinion. The main expressions of their emotional behavior are: weakness, anger, sadness and anger, etc. On the basis of combing the collective behavior and emotional struggle, the research finds that the communication framework of emotional behavior mainly includes the communication paths of discourse co meaning, identity co meaning and emotional co meaning; Functional analysis includes target function, attribution function and ideographic function. From the tendency of public sentiment, football public opinion shows criticism, populism, nationalism, pragmatism, patriotism and justice. The social expression of public sentiment in microblog public opinion includes the spiral phenomenon of silence, butterfly effect, herd effect, resentment and so on. From the perspective of psychology, the public emotions in football public opinion are fear, anxiety, anger and sadness, while in terms of expression, the public express their feelings through direct expression and folk language. Results Using the methods of literature review, questionnaire survey and mathematical statistics, this paper analyzes the dimension of fan loyalty and constructs the fan loyalty model of sslm football club in Henan Province. Conclusion According to the research, fan participation is divided into three dimensions: pleasure participation, symbolic participation and central participation; Product attributes related to the club, such as team performance, star players, head coach and team management, are positively correlated with club fan loyalty; Logo design, stadium, game quality and team tradition are also positively correlated with club fan loyalty; There is a significant positive correlation between fans' attitude loyalty and fans' behavior loyalty. The author believes that club brand communication is an important factor for fans to participate in the development of football clubs. It is necessary for football clubs to strengthen the publicity of fans, let more fans know the real situation of the club, increase the exposure of football clubs and improve the satisfaction of fans. Secondly, the importance of the performance of the club team in the correlation of product related attributes is self-evident. The club needs to constantly improve the performance of the team in the game and win more attention from the outside world. Therefore, the club must actively train star players, select excellent coaches and lead the team to achieve better results. The club needs to strengthen the development of Lenovo products again, which have attributes unrelated to products. The design of club logo, the construction and maintenance of competition venues, the quality of competition and the tradition of the team are the basis of influencing the loyalty of fans. The club needs to continuously strengthen the product research and development of Lenovo's non product related attributes. Work can not only bring economic benefits to the club, but also shape the club's fan culture and further improve the club's fan loyalty. Finally, the club needs to provide a space for fans to communicate: there is a positive correlation between fans' escape, recognition, acceptance, nostalgia, regional glory and fans' loyalty. Let fans find suitable community organizations, form common interests and help improve the loyalty of club fans. Acknowledgements This research was supported by the general project of philosophy and Social Sciences Planning of Zhejiang Province (20NDJC184YB), and the Fundamental Research Funds for Zhejiang Provincial Universities and Research Institutes (2021R005).