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Aim Spinal cord injury (SCI) involves multiple pathological processes. Ferroptosis has been shown to play a critical role in the injury process. We wanted to explore whether zinc can inhibit ferroptosis, reduce inflammation, and then exert a neuroprotective effect. Methods The Alice method was used to establish a spinal cord injury model. The Basso Mouse Scale (BMS), Nissl staining, hematoxylin‐eosin staining, and immunofluorescence analysis were used to investigate the protective effect of zinc on neurons on spinal cord neurons and the recovery of motor function. The regulation of the nuclear factor E2/heme oxygenase‐1 (NRF2/HO‐1) pathway was assessed, the levels of essential ferroptosis proteins were measured, and the changes in mitochondria were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and 5,5′,6,6′‐tetrachloro‐1,1′,3,3′‐tetraethyl‐imidacarbocyanine iodide (JC‐1) staining. In vitro experiments using VSC4.1 (spinal cord anterior horn motor neuroma cell line), 4‐hydroxynonenal (4HNE), reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxides, and finally the levels of inflammatory factors were detected to assess the effect of zinc. Results Zinc reversed behavioral and structural changes after SCI. Zinc increased the expression of NRF2/HO‐1, thereby increasing the content of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), SOD, and GHS and reducing the levels of lipid peroxides, MDA, and ROS. Zinc also rescued injured mitochondria and effectively reduced spinal cord injury and the levels of inflammatory factors, and the NRF2 inhibitor Brusatol reversed the effects of zinc. Conclusion Zinc promoted the degradation of oxidative stress products and lipid peroxides through the NRF2/HO‐1 and GPX4 signaling pathways to inhibit ferroptosis in neurons. Mechanisms underlying the repair of spinal cord injury through inhibiting ferroptosis with zinc.

In the 1930s, the Home Owners' Loan Corporation categorized neighborhoods by investment grade along racially discriminatory lines, a process known as redlining. Although other authors have found associations between Home Owners' Loan Corporation categories and current impacts on racial segregation, analysis of current health impacts rarely use these maps. To study whether historical redlining in Baltimore is associated with health impacts today. Fifty-four present-day planning board-defined community statistical areas are assigned historical Home Owners' Loan Corporation categories by area predominance. Categories are red (\"hazardous\"), yellow (\"definitely declining\") with blue/green (\"still desirable\"/\"best\") as the reference category. Community statistical area life expectancy is regressed against Home Owners' Loan Corporation category, controlling for median household income and proportion of African American residents. Red categorization is associated with 4.01 year reduction (95% CI: 1.47, 6.55) and yellow categorization is associated with 5.36 year reduction (95% CI: 3.02, 7.69) in community statistical area life expectancy at baseline. When controlling for median household income and proportion of African American residents, red is associated with 5.23 year reduction (95% CI: 3.49, 6.98) and yellow with 4.93 year reduction (95% CI: 3.22, 6.23). Results add support that historical redlining is associated with health today.

Self-charging power systems integrating energy harvesting technologies and batteries are attracting extensive attention in energy technologies. However, the conventional integrated systems are highly dependent on the availability of the energy sources and generally possess complicated configuration. Herein, we develop chemically self-charging aqueous zinc-ion batteries with a simplified two-electrode configuration based on CaV 6 O 16 ·3H 2 O electrode. Such system possesses the capability of energy harvesting, conversion and storage simultaneously. It can be chemically self-recharged by the spontaneous redox reaction between the discharged cathode and oxygen from the ambient environment. Chemically self-recharged zinc-ion batteries display an initial open-circuit voltage of about 1.05 V and a considerable discharge capacity of about 239 mAh g −1 , indicating the excellent self-rechargeability. Impressively, such chemically self-charging zinc-ion batteries can also work well at chemical or/and galvanostatic charging hybrid modes. This work not only provides a route to design chemically self-charging energy storage, but also broadens the horizons of aqueous zinc-ion batteries. Self-charging power systems integrating energy generation and storage are receiving consideration attention. Here the authors report an aqueous Zn-ion battery that can be self-recharged by the spontaneous redox reaction between cathode and oxygen from ambient environment without external power supply.

The joint classification of hyperspectral imagery (HSI) and LiDAR data is an important task in the field of remote sensing image interpretation. Traditional classification methods, such as support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF), have difficulty capturing the complex spectral–spatial–elevation correlation information. Recently, important progress has been made in HSI-LiDAR classification using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Transformers. However, due to the large spatial extent of remote sensing images, the vanilla Transformer and CNNs struggle to effectively capture global context. Moreover, the weak misalignment between multi-source data poses challenges for their effective fusion. In this paper, we introduce AFA–Mamba, an Adaptive Feature Alignment Network with a Global–Local Mamba design that achieves accurate land cover classification. It contains two main core designs: (1) We first propose a Global–Local Mamba encoder, which effectively models context through a 2D selective scanning mechanism while introducing local bias to enhance the spatial features of local objects. (2) We also propose an SSE Adaptive Alignment and Fusion (A2F) module to adaptively adjust the relative positions between multi-source features. This module establishes a guided subspace to accurately estimate feature-level offsets, enabling optimal fusion. As a result, our AFA–Mamba consistently outperforms state-of-the-art multi-source fusion classification approaches across multiple datasets.

Acute ischemic stroke is a common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and endovascular thrombectomy are the main revascularization therapies for acute ischemic stroke. However, ischemia-reperfusion injury after revascularization therapy can result in worsening outcomes. Among all possible pathological mechanisms of ischemia-reperfusion injury, free radical damage (mainly oxidative/nitrosative stress injury) has been found to play a key role in the process. Free radicals lead to protein dysfunction, DNA damage, and lipid peroxidation, resulting in cell death. Additionally, free radical damage has a strong connection with inducing hemorrhagic transformation and cerebral edema, which are the major complications of revascularization therapy, and mainly influencing neurological outcomes due to the disruption of the blood-brain barrier. In order to get a better clinical prognosis, more and more studies focus on the pharmaceutical and nonpharmaceutical neuroprotective therapies against free radical damage. This review discusses the pathological mechanisms of free radicals in ischemia-reperfusion injury and adjunctive neuroprotective therapies combined with revascularization therapy against free radical damage.

Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) has been implicated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), yet its mechanistic contribution in regulating tumor responses to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) remains unclear. Here, we investigated whether SOD2 shapes TKI sensitivity in HNSCC through a mitochondrial superoxide‐mitophagy axis. Bioinformatic analyses revealed that elevated SOD2 expression was negatively correlated with mitophagy signatures in HNSCC. Functional experiments showed that SOD2 silencing led to mitochondrial superoxide accumulation, impaired mitochondrial function, and significant mitophagy activation in HNSCC cells. Pharmacological modulation further supported a superoxide‐dependent mechanism, as Mito‐TEMPO suppressed mitochondrial superoxide and mitophagy induction, whereas rotenone enhanced mitochondrial superoxide and mitophagy activity. Importantly, SOD2 knockdown increased apoptotic susceptibility and sensitized HNSCC cells to TKI treatment, which was partially reversed by superoxide scavenging but reinforced by superoxide elevation. Consistently, SOD2 knockout xenograft models exhibited enhanced antitumor responsiveness to TKIs in vivo. Collectively, these findings identified SOD2 as a key regulator of mitochondrial redox homeostasis and mitophagy, thereby modulating therapeutic sensitivity in HNSCC, and suggest that targeting the SOD2‐superoxide metabolic axis may represent a promising strategy to improve TKIs efficacy in HNSCC.

Twinning is a fundamental mechanism behind the simultaneous increase of strength and ductility in medium- and high-entropy alloys, but its operation is not yet well understood, which limits their exploitation. Since many high-entropy alloys showing outstanding mechanical properties are actually thermodynamically unstable at ambient and cryogenic conditions, the observed twinning challenges the existing phenomenological and theoretical plasticity models. Here, we adopt a transparent approach based on effective energy barriers in combination with first-principle calculations to shed light on the origin of twinning in high-entropy alloys. We demonstrate that twinning can be the primary deformation mode in metastable face-centered cubic alloys with a fraction that surpasses the previously established upper limit. The present advance in plasticity of metals opens opportunities for tailoring the mechanical response in engineering materials by optimizing metastable twinning in high-entropy alloys. Twinning has been experimentally seen in high-entropy alloys, but understanding how it operates remains a challenge. Here, the authors show that twinning can be a primary deformation mechanism in three well-known medium- and high-entropy alloys that have unstable face-centered cubic lattices.

Self-identified race/ethnicity is largely used to identify, monitor, and examine racial/ethnic inequalities. A growing body of work underscores the need to consider multiple dimensions of race – the social construction of race as a function of appearance, societal interactions, institutional dynamics, stereotypes, and social norms. One such multidimensional measure is socially-assigned race, the perception of one’s race by others, that may serve as the basis for differential or unfair treatment and subsequently lead to deleterious health outcomes. We conducted a scoping review to systematically appraise the socially-assigned race and health literature. A systematic search of the PubMed, Web of Science, 28 EBSCO databases and 24 Proquest databases up to September 2019 was conducted and supplemented by a manual search of reference lists and grey literature. Quantitative and qualitative studies that examined socially-assigned race and health or health-related outcomes were considered for inclusion. Eighteen articles were included in the narrative synthesis. Self-rated health and mental health were among the most frequent outcomes studied. The majority of studies were conducted in the United States, with fewer studies conducted in New Zealand, Canada, and Latin America. While most studies demonstrate a positive association between social assignment as a disadvantaged racial or ethnic group and poorer health, some studies did not document an association. We describe key conceptual and methodological considerations that should be prioritized in future studies examining socially-assigned race and health. Socially-assigned race can provide additional insight into observed differential health outcomes among racial/ethnic groups in racialized societies based upon their lived experiences. Studies incorporating socially-assigned race warrants further investigation and may be leveraged to examine nuanced patterns of racial health advantage and disadvantage.

To analyze the risk factors for hospital-acquired infections following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and to develop a nomogram prediction model. Clinical data from 324 AMI patients who underwent PCI between July 2021 and June 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were categorized into an infection group (n = 39) and a non-infection group (n = 285) based on the occurrence of nosocomial infection postoperatively. Optimal cutoff values were determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Independent risk factors for nosocomial infection after PCI were identified through multivariate logistic regression, and a nomogram model was constructed accordingly. The model underwent internal validation via calibration curves, and its predictive performance was assessed using decision curve analysis. No significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of gender, drinking history, smoking history, hypertension, infarct location, or number of stents implanted (all P  > 0.05). However, the infection group had significantly higher age, higher prevalence of diabetes, greater proportion of New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III/IV, more frequent invasive procedures, and longer hospital stays (all P  < 0.05). ROC analysis identified optimal cutoff values of 60 years for age and 6 days for hospitalization time. Multivariate logistic regression confirmed that age > 60 years, diabetes, NYHA class III/IV, invasive procedures, and hospital stay > 6 days were independent risk factors for nosocomial infection after PCI. The nomogram model demonstrated excellent discrimination, with a C-index of 0.915 (95% CI 0.877–0.953). The calibration curve indicated good agreement between predicted and observed outcomes. The nomogram provided higher net clinical benefit beyond threshold probabilities of 0.24 compared to individual predictors. A nomogram incorporating age, diabetes, cardiac function classification, invasive procedures, and hospitalization time was developed to predict the risk of nosocomial infection in AMI patients after PCI. The model exhibits strong predictive performance and may assist clinicians in identifying high-risk patients for intensified monitoring and preventive strategies. However, as a prognostic tool, it does not directly mitigate infection risk and requires external validation before routine clinical implementation.

BackgroundTransoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA) has been shown to be safe and has similar outcomes as open thyroidectomy for selected patients. It is not clear if transoral robotic thyroidectomy (TORT) may extend transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy to more complex thyroid operations. The study aimed to compare the safety and outcomes of TORT with those of TOETVA.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all patients who had TORT and TOETVA performed by a single surgeon from June 2017 to May 2019. Intrathoracic goiter and combined operations were excluded. Surgical outcomes were compared after propensity score matching. Learning curves, as measured by operating time, were evaluated.ResultsA total of 150 patients underwent 154 transoral (55 TORT and 99 TOETVA) thyroidectomy. Of the 154 operations, 28 (18.2%) were bilateral total thyroidectomy and 126 (81.8%) were unilateral thyroid lobectomy. After propensity score matching, we found a longer operative time (median [interquartile range]) for TORT (n = 53) than for the TOETVA (308 [284–388] vs 228 [201–267] min, P < 0.001). Blood loss and visual analog scale scores for pain were not significantly different between the two groups. Central neck lymph node dissection was performed more frequent in the TORT group (28 of 53 [52.8%] vs 10 of 53 [18.9%], P = 0.001), and when performed, the numbers of total and positive lymph nodes did not differ significantly between the two groups. The rates of hypoparathyroidism and recurrent laryngeal nerve injury did not differ significantly between the two groups. There was no conversion to open thyroidectomy, mental nerve injury, or surgical site infection. The learning curve for TORT was 25 cases, but no obvious learning curve was observed for TOETVA.ConclusionsTORT requires a longer operative time, but is as safe as TOETVA and may be useful for more complex thyroid operations.