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A large observational study has found that irregular sleep-wake patterns are associated with a higher risk of overall mortality, and also mortality from cancers and cardiovascular disease.A large observational study has found that irregular sleep-wake patterns are associated with a higher risk of overall mortality, and also mortality from cancers and cardiovascular disease.

Over the past decade, metal halide perovskite photovoltaics have been a major focus of research, with single-junction perovskite solar cells evolving from an initial power conversion efficiency of 3.8% to reach 25.5%. The broad bandgap tunability of perovskites makes them versatile candidates as the subcell in a tandem photovoltaics architecture. Stacking photovoltaic absorbers with cascaded bandgaps in a multi-junction device can potentially overcome the Shockley–Queisser efficiency limit of 33.7% for single-junction solar cells. There is now intense activity in developing tandem solar cells that pair perovskite with either itself or with a variety of mature photovoltaic technologies such as silicon and Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 (CIGS). In this review, we survey recent advances in the field and discuss its outlook.A discussion of the evolution, present status and future outlook for tandem solar cells employing perovskite materials.

Despite significant development recently, improving the power conversion efficiency of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) is still an ongoing challenge to overcome. One of the prerequisites to achieving this goal is to enable efficient charge separation and small voltage losses at the same time. In this work, a facile synthetic strategy is reported, where optoelectronic properties are delicately tuned by the introduction of electron-deficient-core-based fused structure into non-fullerene acceptors. Both devices exhibited a low voltage loss of 0.57 V and high short-circuit current density of 22.0 mA cm −2 , resulting in high power conversion efficiencies of over 13.4%. These unconventional electron-deficient-core-based non-fullerene acceptors with near-infrared absorption lead to low non-radiative recombination losses in the resulting organic photovoltaics, contributing to a certified high power conversion efficiency of 12.6%. Improving the power conversion efficiency is the main target of the organic solar cell research. Here Yuan et al. develop unconventional electron-deficient-core-based non-fullerene acceptors to achieve both low voltage loss and high current density, leading to a certified high efficiency of 12.6%.

Surface trap–mediated nonradiative charge recombination is a major limit to achieving high-efficiency metal-halide perovskite photovoltaics. The ionic character of perovskite lattice has enabled molecular defect passivation approaches through interaction between functional groups and defects. However, a lack of in-depth understanding of how the molecular configuration influences the passivation effectiveness is a challenge to rational molecule design. Here, the chemical environment of a functional group that is activated for defect passivation was systematically investigated with theophylline, caffeine, and theobromine. When N-H and C=O were in an optimal configuration in the molecule, hydrogen-bond formation between N-H and I (iodine) assisted the primary C=O binding with the antisite Pb (lead) defect to maximize surface-defect binding. A stabilized power conversion efficiency of 22.6% of photovoltaic device was demonstrated with theophylline treatment.

mRNA decapping enzyme 2 (DCP2) is a key regulator of mRNA degradation, influencing RNA metabolism and gene expression. While implicated in various diseases, its role in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. This study explores DCP2 as a potential biomarker for HCC through bioinformatics and experimental analyses. Public databases, including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and GEPIA2 online database, revealed significant DCP2 upregulation in HCC tissues, correlating with Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) staging, histological grading, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels. Prognostic analysis confirmed high DCP2 expression as an indicator of poor overall survival (OS). Functional enrichment analyses linked DCP2 to cancer-associated pathways, including PI3K/Akt, Hippo signaling, cholesterol metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation. Immune infiltration analysis showed significant correlations with tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs), suggesting a role in immune modulation. Experimental validation via western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC) confirmed elevated DCP2 expression in HCC cell lines and tissues. These findings suggest that DCP2 may be involved in HCC progression by influencing mRNA degradation, cancer-related signaling, and the immune microenvironment. Although DCP2 shows potential as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, as well as a therapeutic target, further functional studies—such as gene knockdown and overexpression experiments—are needed to confirm its mechanistic role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Effective heat dissipation remains a grand challenge for energy-dense devices and systems. As heterogeneous integration becomes increasingly inevitable in electronics, thermal resistance at interfaces has emerged as a critical bottleneck for thermal management. However, existing thermal interface solutions are constrained by either high thermal resistance or poor reliability. We report a strategy to create printable, high-performance liquid-infused nanostructured composites, comprising a mechanically soft and thermally conductive double-sided Cu nanowire array scaffold infused with a customized thermal-bridge liquid that suppresses contact thermal resistance. The liquid infusion concept is versatile for a broad range of thermal interface applications. Remarkably, the liquid metal infused nanostructured composite exhibits an ultra-low thermal resistance <1 mm² K W -1 at interface, outperforming state-of-the-art thermal interface materials on chip-cooling. The high reliability of the nanostructured composites enables undegraded performance through extreme temperature cycling. We envision liquid-infused nanostructured composites as a universal thermal interface solution for cooling applications in data centers, GPU/CPU systems, solid-state lasers, and LEDs. Thermal resistance at interfaces is a critical bottleneck for the thermal management of electronic devices. Here, authors report a high-performance liquid-infused nanostructured composite with thermal resistance under 1 mm² K W −1 and reliability for advanced electronic cooling.

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are evolutionarily conserved molecular chaperones that maintain cellular proteostasis under physiological and stress conditions. HSPH1 (Heat Shock Protein Family H Member 1, also known as HSP105 or HSP110) belongs to the HSP110 family and functions as a nucleotide exchange factor for HSP70, enhancing its folding activity. Beyond its canonical role, HSPH1 is increasingly recognized for its involvement in tumor progression. It has been reported to regulate cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and resistance to therapy in several cancers, including breast, lung, and liver cancer. Pan-cancer transcriptomic analyses have identified HSPH1 as frequently overexpressed and correlated with poor prognosis. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), while other HSPs such as HSP70 and HSP90 are well-studied, the biological role of HSPH1 remains unclear. In this study, we systematically analyzed HSPH1 expression in HCC using TCGA and GEO datasets, and validated its clinical relevance in patient samples. HSPH1 was significantly upregulated in HCC tissues and associated with advanced tumor stage and worse overall survival. Functional enrichment and immune infiltration analyses suggested that HSPH1 participates in oncogenic pathways (e.g., p53, cell cycle) and modulates the tumor immune microenvironment. Knockdown of HSPH1 in HCC cell lines inhibited proliferation and colony formation. Together, our findings highlight HSPH1 as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in HCC.

Background: Previous studies have shown that women have higher urinary concentrations of several phthalate metabolites than do men, possibly because of a higher use of personal care products. Few studies have evaluated the association between phthalate metabolites, diabetes, and diabetesrelated risk factors among women. Objective: We explored the association between urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations and diabetes among women who participated in a cross-sectional study. Methods: We used urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites, analyzed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and self-reported diabetes of 2,350 women between 20 and 79 years of age who participated in the NHANES (2001-2008). We used multiple logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and adjusted for urinary creatinine, sociodemographic characteristics, dietary factors, and body size. A secondary analysis was conducted for women who did not have diabetes to evaluate the association between phthalate metabolite concentrations and fasting blood glucose (FBG), homeostasis model assessmentestimated insulin resistance, and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c. Results: After adjusting for potential confounders, women with higher levels of mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP), monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), mono-(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP), and three di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites (∑DEHP) had an increased odds of diabetes compared with women with the lowest levels of these phthalates. Women in the highest quartile for MBzP and MiBP had almost twice the odds of diabetes [OR = 1.96 (95% CI: 1.11, 3.47) and OR = 1.95 (95% CI: 0.99, 3.85), respectively] compared with women in the lowest quartile. Nonmonotonic, positive associations were found for MnBP and ∑DEHP, whereas MCPP appeared to have a threshold effect. Certain phthalate metabolites were positively associated with FBG and insulin resistance. Discussion: Urinary levels of several phthalates were associated with prevalent diabetes. Future prospective studies are needed to further explore these associations to determine whether phthalate exposure can alter glucose metabolism and increase the risk of insulin resistance and diabetes.

Perovskite photovoltaics, typically based on a solution-processed perovskite layer with a film thickness of a few hundred nanometres, have emerged as a leading thin-film photovoltaic technology. Nevertheless, many critical issues pose challenges to its commercialization progress, including industrial compatibility, stability, scalability and reliability. A thicker perovskite film on a scale of micrometres could mitigate these issues. However, the efficiencies of thick-film perovskite cells lag behind those with nanometre film thickness. With the mechanism remaining elusive, the community has long been under the impression that the limiting factor lies in the short carrier lifetime as a result of defects. Here, by constructing a perovskite system with extraordinarily long carrier lifetime, we rule out the restrictions of carrier lifetime on the device performance. Through this, we unveil the critical role of the ignored lattice strain in thick films. Our results provide insights into the factors limiting the performance of thick-film perovskite devices. The power conversion efficiencies of thick-film perovskite solar cells lag behind those with nanometre film thickness. Here, the authors rule out the restrictions of carrier lifetime on device performance and reveal the critical role of lattice strain in micron-scale thick perovskite films.

Reduction and oxidation (redox) reactions occur in living organisms as part of normal cellular metabolism. Here, we established a novel redox-related long non-coding RNAs (rrlncRNAs) signature to predict the prognosis and therapeutic response in Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The expression profile and clinical information were obtained from the TCGA project. In total, 10 differently expressed rrlncRNAs associated with prognosis were identified and involved in a prognostic risk score signature by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator penalized Cox analysis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves of the survival rates predicted by the rrlncRNAs signature over one, two, and three years were found to be 0.651, 0.670, and 0.679. Following the completion of the Kaplan–Meier survival study, we discovered that the lower-risk cohort exhibited a much longer overall survival period in contrast with the higher-risk cohort. Univariate and multivariable Cox regression analyses demonstrated that the risk score independently served as a significant predictive factor. GO annotation and KEGG pathway analyses illustrated that the rrlncRNAs signature was strongly associated with immune-related functions as well as signaling pathways. The tumor-infiltrating immune cells, tumor microenvironment, immune-related functions, HLA gene family expression, immune checkpoint genes expression, and somatic variants differed substantially between the low- and high-risk cohorts. Moreover, patients in low-risk group were predicted to present a favorable immunotherapy responsiveness, while in contrast, the high-risk group patients might have a stronger sensitivity to “docetaxel”. According to our findings, the rrlncRNAs signature showed an excellent prognosis predictive value and might indicate therapeutic response to immunotherapy in HNSCC.