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Anti-Kasha’s process in organic luminogens has attracted many attentions since its discovery. However, only limited examples of anti-Kasha’s rule have been reported and anti-Kasha triplet energy transfer (ET) is even less-touched. Benefiting from anti-Kasha’s rule, this work provided an efficient strategy to realize excitation wavelength dependent (Ex-De) afterglow in a host-guest system. The host has almost imperceptible RTP upon 365 nm excitation and guest is totally RTP inactive, while the doping host-guest system exhibits Ex-De afterglow with improved quantum yields. Anti-Kasha triplet ET process is realized from the higher excited triplet state T 2 of host to the lowest excited singlet state S 1 of the aggregated/unimolecular guest . ET efficiency in the doping system could be tuned by simply changing its processing methods to guide host and guest to adopt denser or looser intermolecular packing. The strategy of anti-Kasha triplet ET endows the host-guest doping system with multiple stimuli-responsive properties, including Ex-De afterglow, mechano-, and thermal-triggered afterglow behaviors. The corresponding applications of these properties are also realized in multiple information anti-counterfeiting and display. Anti-Kasha processes have potential in organic luminogens, but design of materials with these characteristics is challenging. Here, the authors report the development of a host-guest system with anti-Kasha behaviour and triplet energy transfer.

Persistent luminescence is a fascinating phenomenon with exceptional applications. However, the development of organic materials capable of persistent luminescence, such as organic persistent room-temperature phosphorescence, lags behind for their normally low efficiency. Moreover, enhancing the phosphorescence efficiency of organic luminophores often results in short lifetime, which sets an irreconcilable obstacle. Here we report a strategy to boost the efficiency of phosphorescence by intramolecular triplet-triplet energy transfer. Incorpotation of (bromo)dibenzofuran or (bromo)dibenzothiophene to carbazole has boosted the intersystem crossing and provided an intramolecular triplet-state bridge to offer a near quantitative exothermic triplet–triplet energy transfer to repopulate the lowest triplet-state of carbazole. All these factors work together to contribute the efficient phosphorescence. The generation and transfer of triplet excitons within a single molecule is revealed by low-temperature spectra, energy level and lifetime investigations. The strategy developed here will enable the development of efficient phosphorescent materials for potential high-tech applications. The potential of organic materials with persistent room-temperature phosphorescence for high-tech application is limited by their low efficiency. Here, the authors report a strategy to enhance persistent room-temperature phosphorescence efficiency via intramolecular triplet-triplet energy transfer.

As a newly approved oral hypoglycaemic agent, the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor dapagliflozin, which is derived from the natural product phlorizin can effectively reduce blood glucose. Recent clinical studies have found that dapagliflozin alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but the specific mechanism remains to be explored. This study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism of dapagliflozin in alleviating hepatocyte steatosis in vitro and in vivo . We fed the spontaneous type 2 diabetes mellitus rats with high-fat diets and cultured human normal liver LO2 cells and human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells with palmitic acid (PA) to induce hepatocellular steatosis. Dapagliflozin attenuated hepatic lipid accumulation both in vitro and in vivo . In Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, dapagliflozin reduced hepatic lipid accumulation via promoting phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), and upregulating lipid β -oxidation enzyme acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1). Furthermore, dapagliflozin increased the expression of the autophagy-related markers LC3B and Beclin1, in parallel with a drop in p62 level. Similar effects were observed in PA-stimulated LO2 cells and HepG2 cells. Dapagliflozin treatment could also significantly activated AMPK and reduced the phosphorylation of mTOR in ZDF rats and PA-stimulated LO2 cells and HepG2 cells. We demonstrated that dapagliflozin ameliorates hepatic steatosis by decreasing lipogenic enzyme, while inducing fatty acid oxidation enzyme and autophagy, which could be associated with AMPK activation. Moreover, our results indicate that dapagliflozin induces autophagy via the AMPK-mTOR pathway. These findings reveal a novel clinical application and functional mechanism of dapagliflozin in the treatment of NAFLD.

We tested whether short-term monocular deprivation (STMD) of the amblyopic eye enhances binocular intermodulation steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs), reflecting reduced suppression from the fellow eye. Fifteen anisometropic amblyopes (15.6 ± 5.8 years) underwent 2-h STMD of their fellow eye on the first day, followed by a similar session on their amblyopic eye on the second day. We recorded SSVEPs from 21 occipital electrodes pre/post STMD during binocular rivalry (6/7.5 Hz flicker). Similar to the previous study, the monocular SSVEP amplitude of the deprived eye increased after STMD, whereas that of the non-deprived eye remained unchanged. Critically, STMD of the amblyopic eye significantly increased f +f intermodulation amplitude ( = 2.42, pFDR = 0.030), while STMD of the fellow eye showed no such effect ( > 0.05). Baseline f +f amplitude was strongly correlated with the magnitude of SSVEP change following STMD ( = 0.789, < 0.001). STMD of the amblyopic eye, but not the fellow eye, significantly enhanced binocular SSVEP intermodulation. Baseline f1+f2 amplitude predicted the magnitude of plasticity, suggesting its potential as an electrophysiological biomarker for reverse deprivation therapy.

Phytoremediation, which involves the use of plants to accumulate and translocate metals and metalloids, represents a promising strategy for environmental remediation. The efficiency of phytoremediation is influenced by many factors such as metal/metalloid types, soil properties, and plant traits. It remains unclear how these factors modulate the efficiency of phytoremediation. We synthesized 547 data pairs from 82 studies to comprehensively evaluate the ability of hyperaccumulating plants to accumulate and translocate metals/metalloids under varying environmental conditions. The results show that cadmium (Cd), the most frequently investigated heavy metal, has the highest average bioaccumulation factor (BF) (10.0 ± 1.3) but a relatively low average translocation factor (TF) (1.8 ± 0.1). Aboveground biomass (AGB) of Cd hyperaccumulators is negatively correlated with BF but positively correlated with TF. Cd hyperaccumulating plants exhibit the highest accumulation capacity (maximal BF = 191), with roots outperforming aerial parts. The lower TF is mainly due to the lower AGB of Cd hyperaccumulating plants. In contrast, nickel (Ni) hyperaccumulators exhibit the highest TF, particularly in leaves and stems, indicating that Ni primarily accumulates in the aboveground parts. As soil pH increases, the BF of Cd and Zinc (Zn) decrease, whereas the BF of lead (Pb) increases, likely due to their distinct chemical behaviors under different pH conditions. Threshold concentrations were also identified for several for metals/metalloids (e.g., Cd: 214.8 mg kg -1 ; Pb: 31352.3 mg kg -1 ), beyond which BF falls below 1.0, indicating diminished accumulation efficiency due to toxicity constraints. In sum, these findings provide insights for optimizing phytoremediation strategies, aiding in plant selection and remediation condition optimization for improved efficiency and sustainability.

Developing low-energy-gap materials for efficient photothermal conversion provides promising candidates for solar energy utilization. Herein, we explore the feasibility of employing robust organic radical cations as near-unity solar absorbers for practical seawater evaporation. Gram-scale organic radical cations are straightforwardly synthesized through single-electron oxidation. The open-shell structure and intervalence charge-transfer characteristics of radicals enable near-unity absorption of full solar spectral irradiance. Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy reveals that the intervalence charge-transfer electron relaxes non-radiatively in femtoseconds, with a rapid rate of 5.26 × 10 12  s −1 . Notably, the radical cations exhibit exceptional stability, attributed to para-position protection, spin delocalization, and frontier orbital inversion. By simply soaking cellulose paper, a highly efficient interfacial evaporation system is established. Under one sunlight irradiation, the system achieves a remarkable solar-to-vapor conversion efficiency of 97.2%. This work offers new perspectives on designing robust radical systems and developing efficient photothermal conversion materials. Open-shell organic radicals possess narrow energy gaps making them efficient solar absorbers. Here the authors synthesize robust triarylamine radicals enabling near unity absorption of the full solar spectrum for efficient photothermal applications.

Environment sensing plays an important role for the safe autonomous navigation of intelligent ships. However, the inherent limitations of sensors, such as the low frequency of the automatic identification system (AIS), blind zone of the marine radar, and lack of depth information in visible images, make it difficult to achieve accurate sensing with a single modality of sensor data. To overcome this limitation, we propose a new multi-source data fusion framework and technologies that integrate AIS, radar, and visible data. This framework leverages the complementary strengths of these different types of sensors to enhance sensing performance, especially in real complex scenarios where single-modality data are significantly affected by blind zone and adverse weather conditions. We first design a multi-stage detection and tracking method (named MSTrack). By feeding the historical fusion results back to earlier tracking stages, the proposed method identifies and refines potential missing detections from the layered detection and tracking processes of radar and visible images. Then, a cascade association matching method is proposed to realize the association between multi-source trajectories. It first performs pairwise association in a high-accuracy aligned coordinate system, followed by association in a low-accuracy coordinate system and integrated matching between multi-source data. Through these association operations, the method can effectively reduce the association errors caused by measurement noise and projection system errors. Furthermore, we develop the first multi-source fusion dataset for intelligent vessel (WHUT-MSFVessel), and validate our methods. The experimental results show that our multi-source data fusion methods significantly improve the sensing accuracy and identity consistency of tracking, achieving average MOTA scores of 0.872 and 0.938 on the radar and visible images, respectively, and IDF1 scores of 0.811 and 0.929. Additionally, the fusion accuracy reaches up to 0.9, which can provide vessels with a comprehensive perception of the navigation environment for safer navigation.

PAX5, a member of the paired box gene family of transcription factors, is a B‐cell‐specific activator protein that plays important roles during B lymphopoiesis. Two putative PAX5 binding sites in the human GINS1 promoter region were identified. EMSA, ChIP and luciferase assay showed that PAX5 functions as a positive transcription factor for GINS1 expression. Furthermore, coordinated expression of PAX5 and GINS1 was observed in mice B cells under physiological conditions and LPS stimulation situations. A similar pattern was also observed in human DLBCL cell lines under differentiation‐inducing conditions. In addition, both PAX5 and GINS1 were highly expressed and significantly correlated in DLBCL specimens and cell lines. These findings suggested that dysregulation of PAX5 played an extremely important role in controlling the universal phenomenon of tumor progression through increased expression of GINS1 in DLBCL. In addition, circ1857 that was generated using back splicing of PAX5 pre‐mRNA could further stabilize GINS1 mRNA, modulate GINS1 expression and promote lymphoma progression. To the best of our knowledge, this report is the first to demonstrate the role of GINS1 in DLBCL progression, and the mechanism of GINS1 upregulation using both circ1857 and PAX5 in DLBCL was revealed. Our results suggested that GINS1 may be a possible therapeutic target for DLBCL. This report is the first to demonstrate the role of GINS1 in DLBCL progression, and the mechanism of GINS1 upregulation using both circ1857 and PAX5 in DLBCL was revealed. Our results suggest that GINS1 may be a possible therapeutic target for DLBCL.

To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of Ex-PRESS implantation (Ex-Press) compared with trabeculectomy (Trab) in the treatment of patients with uncontrolled glaucoma. A comprehensive literature meta-analysis was performed according to the Cochrane Collaboration methodology to identify controlled clinical trials comparing Ex-Press with Trab. Efficacy estimates were measured by weight mean difference (WMD) for the percentage intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction from baseline to end-point, odds ratio (OR) for complete success, and qualified success rates. Tolerability estimates were measured by OR for adverse events. All outcomes were reported with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Data were synthesized by Stata 11.0 SE for Windows. Eight controlled clinical trials meeting the predefined criteria were included in the meta-analysis. A total of 605 eyes from 559 patients with medically uncontrolled glaucoma were included. The weighted mean difference of the percentage IOP reduction from baseline was 2.33 (95% confidence interval: -2.59-7.24) when comparing Ex-Press with Trab. Ex-Press was associated with numerically greater, but nonsignificant, IOP lowering efficacy than Trab. The pooled odds ratio comparing Ex-Press with Trab were 0.93 (0.39, 2.23) for the complete success rate and 1.00 (0.39, 2.56) for the qualified success rate. Ex-Press was associated with a significantly lower frequency of hypotony and hyphema than Trab, with pooled ORs of 0.29 (0.13, 0.65) and 0.36 (0.13, 0.97), respectively. Ex-Press was associated with equivalent efficacy to Trab in lowering IOP. Comparable proportions of patients reached the IOP target with Ex-Press and Trab. Ex-Press was better tolerated than Trab.

Purpose: Obtaining a better understanding of the pathogenesis of primary angle-closure disease (PACD) still requires studies that provide measurements of anterior and posterior biometric characteristics together and that assess the relationship between them. Methods: In total, 201 eyes were enrolled in this cross-sectional study: 50 normal controls, 49 primary angle-closure suspect (PACS), 38 primary angle closure (PAC), and 64 primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) eyes. The anterior and posterior structural features were measured by anterior segment optical coherence tomography and swept-source optical coherence tomography. Results: All PACD groups had smaller anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber area (ACA), anterior chamber volume (ACV), angle opening distance at 750 μm from the scleral spur (AOD750), trabecular-iris space area at 750 μm from the scleral spur (TISA750), and angle recess area (ARA), as well as a larger lens vault (LV), than controls (all P < 0.001). The PACS and PAC groups had thicker iris thickness at 750 μm from the scleral spur (IT750) than controls (P = 0.017 and P = 0.002, respectively). Choroidal thickness (CT) was not statistically different among normal, PACS, PAC, and PACG eyes. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analysis revealed a significant association between thinner IT750 and increased CT in PACD eyes (P = 0.031, univariate analysis; P = 0.008, multivariate analysis). Conclusion: Thinner iris thickness was associated with increased CT in PACD eyes; however, the underlying mechanism needs further investigation.