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"Huang, Xian"
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Traumatic brain injury in China
China has more patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) than most other countries in the world, making this condition a major public health concern. Population-based mortality of TBI in China is estimated to be approximately 13 cases per 100 000 people, which is similar to the rates reported in other countries. The implementation of various measures, such as safety legislation for road traffic, establishment of specialised neurosurgical intensive care units, and the development of evidence-based guidelines, have contributed to advancing prevention and care of patients with TBI in China. However, many challenges remain, which are augmented further by regional differences in TBI care. High-level care, such as intracranial pressure monitoring, is not universally available yet. In the past 30 years, the quality of TBI research in China has substantially improved, as evidenced by an increasing number of clinical trials done. The large number of patients with TBI and specialised trauma centres offer unique opportunities for TBI research in China. Furthermore, the formation and development of research collaborations between China and international groups are considered essential to advancing the quality of TBI care and research in China, and to improve quality of life in patients with this condition.
Journal Article
Single-cell analysis of diverse immune phenotypes in malignant pleural effusion
The complex interactions among different immune cells have important functions in the development of malignant pleural effusion (MPE). Here we perform single-cell RNA sequencing on 62,382 cells from MPE patients induced by non-small cell lung cancer to describe the composition, lineage, and functional states of infiltrating immune cells in MPE. Immune cells in MPE display a number of transcriptional signatures enriched for regulatory T cells, B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells compared to corresponding counterparts in blood. Helper T, cytotoxic T, regulatory T, and T follicular helper cells express multiple immune checkpoints or costimulatory molecules. Cell-cell interaction analysis identifies regulatory B cells with more interactions with CD4
+
T cells compared to CD8
+
T cells. Macrophages are transcriptionally heterogeneous and conform to M2 polarization characteristics. In addition, immune cells in MPE show the general up-regulation of glycolytic pathways associated with the hypoxic microenvironment. These findings show a detailed atlas of immune cells in human MPE and enhance the understanding of potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets in advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
Detailed immune cell subset identification in human lung (malignant pleural effusion) MPE is important for diagnosis and prognosis. Here the authors use single cell RNA sequencing to identify immune cell types within MPE and show differential gene expression compared to circulating immune cells in blood.
Journal Article
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia as an initial presentation in children with systemic lupus erythematosus: two case reports
We report the cases of two children who presented with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) as an initial presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Both patients had a positive Coombs test, anemia, and an increased number of spherocytes in their blood smear. The patient in Case 1 presented with fever, urticarial erythema, facial paresis, AIHA, and leucopenia. Immunological screening revealed low complement protein levels and positive anti-nuclear antibody, anti-double-stranded DNA, and antiphospholipid antibody results. A further laboratory workup revealed a positive lupus anticoagulant (LA) result and low factor II levels. She was diagnosed with lupus anticoagulant hypoprothrombinemia syndrome (LAHPS) in addition to SLE. The patient in Case 2 presented with fever, butterfly rash, thyroid enlargement, leucopenia, and AIHA. She was diagnosed with SLE with thyroiditis. Both patients were started on combined immunosuppressive therapy, and both patients’ clinical symptoms finally resolved. A literature review on childhood SLE showed that AIHA is common in patients with SLE. LAHPS is an uncommonly identified cause of bleeding in patients with SLE, and it must be considered when evaluating children with a positive LA result.
Journal Article
Dynamics of charge imbalance resolved negativity after a local joining quench
A
bstract
In this paper, we consider the dynamics of charge imbalance resolved negativity after a local joining quench in the 1 + 1 dimensional free complex boson CFT. In the first part, we study the local joining quench by applying conformal maps, obtaining analytical universal results. We first calculate the quench dynamics of charged logarithmic negativity. Then using the Fourier transformation, we obtain the charge imbalance resolved negativity. The total negativity can be recovered from the charge-resolved ones. In the second part, we test our CFT predictions against the underlying lattice model numerically. Finally, we explain our results based on the quasi-particle picture.
Journal Article
Harmonic functions with polynomial growth on manifolds with nonnegative Ricci curvature
Suppose (
M
,
g
) is a Riemannian manifold having dimension
n
, nonnegative Ricci curvature, maximal volume growth and unique tangent cone at infinity. In this case, the tangent cone at infinity
C
(
X
) is an Euclidean cone over the cross-section
X
. Denote by
α
=
lim
r
→
∞
Vol
(
B
r
(
p
)
)
r
n
the asymptotic volume ratio. Let
h
k
=
h
k
(
M
)
be the dimension of the space of harmonic functions with polynomial growth of growth order at most
k
. In this paper, we prove an upper bound of
h
k
in terms of the counting function of eigenvalues of
X
. As a corollary, we obtain
lim
k
→
∞
k
1
-
n
h
k
=
2
α
(
n
-
1
)
!
ω
n
. These results are sharp, as they recover the corresponding well-known properties of
h
k
(
R
n
)
. In particular, these results hold on manifolds with nonnegative sectional curvature and maximal volume growth.
Journal Article
Carbonaceous Material Properties and Their Interactions with Slag During Electric Arc Furnace Steelmaking
The state of the interface between slag and carbon determines the slag foaming behavior and thus the effectiveness of carbon in electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking. This paper explores the interaction between synthetic slag and carbonaceous materials derived from various sources, including bio-char produced by two different technologies, graphite, coke, and char from tire pyrolysis. Different interfacial phenomena were found between slag and the carbonaceous materials examined. The interactions between bio-char and slag are found to be poor in comparison with other carbonaceous materials. Carbonaceous materials were characterized in terms of their chemical composition and the results obtained suggested that interfacial phenomena were not dominated by ash in the carbonaceous material. The effects of carbon crystalline structure on interaction with slag were evaluated by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Surface properties of the samples were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, and surface morphology was identified as the principal factor affecting the interaction of slag on carbonaceous particles. The smooth surface of bio-char results in reduced slag foaming. This finding forms the basis for future research on the production of bio-char to be used as a slag foaming agent in EAF steelmaking.
Journal Article
LncRNA MALAT1 promoted high glucose‐induced pyroptosis of renal tubular epithelial cell by sponging miR‐30c targeting for NLRP3
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), characterized by the chronic loss of kidney function during diabetes, is a long‐term kidney disease that affects millions of populations. However, the etiology of DN remains unclear. DN cell model was established by treating HK‐2 cells with high glucose (HG) in vitro. Expression of metastasis‐associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript‐1 (MALAT1), miR‐30c, nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain‐like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), caspase‐1, IL‐1β, and IL‐18 in treated HK‐2 cells were tested by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. HK‐2 cell pyroptosis was assessed using flow cytometry analysis. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was examined with a LDH assay kit. Correlation among MALAT1, miR‐30c, and NLRP3 was examined via dual‐luciferase reporter assay. Here, we revealed that MALAT1 was upregulated, but miR‐30c was downregulated in HG‐treated HK‐2 cells, leading to upregulation of NLRP3 expression and cell pyroptosis. Knockdown of MALAT1 or overexpression of miR‐30c protected HK‐2 cells from HG‐induced pyroptosis. Meanwhile, we found that MALAT1 promoted NLRP3 expression by sponging miR‐30c through dual‐luciferase reporter assay. Moreover, the co‐transfection of sh‐MALAT1 and miR‐30c inhibitor could reverse the protective effects of the sh‐MALAT1 on the HG‐induced pyroptosis. These results confirmed that MALAT1 regulated HK‐2 cell pyroptosis by inhibiting miR‐30c targeting for NLRP3, contributing to a better understanding of DN pathogenesis and help to find out the effective treatment for DN.
Journal Article
Dynamic and transformable Cu12 cluster-based C-H···π-stacked porous supramolecular frameworks
The assembly of cluster-based π-stacked porous supramolecular frameworks presents daunting challenges, including the design of suitable cluster building units, control of the sufficient C-H···π interactions, trade-off between structural dynamics and stability as well as understanding the resulting collective properties. Herein, we report a cluster-based C-H···π interaction-stacked porous supramolecular framework, namely, Cu12a-π, consisting of Cu
12
nanocluster as a 6-connected node, which is further propagated to a dynamic porous supramolecular frameworks via dense intralayer C-H···π interactions, yielding permanent porosity. In addition, Cu12a-π can be transformed into cluster-based nonporous adaptive crystals (Cu12b-NACs) via ligand-exchange following a dissociation-reassembly mechanism. Moreover, Cu12a-π can efficiently remove 97.2% of iodine from saturated iodine aqueous solutions with a high uptake capacity of 2.96 g·g
−1
. These prospective results positioned at cluster-based porous supramolecular framework and enlighten follow-up researchers to design and synthesize such materials with better performance.
The assembly of cluster-based π-stacked porous supramolecular frameworks presents daunting challenges. Here, the authors report a dynamic and transformable supramolecular framework based on Cu12 cluster and C-H···π-stacking with permanent porosity
Journal Article