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Large-scale breeding environments often lead to oxidative stress. Macrophages play an important role in the immune system and are vulnerable to reactive oxygen species (ROS), which result in macrophage death. Curcumin is the main active component of turmeric and exerts antioxidant effects. Here, we measured the activity of some antioxidant enzymes and chose the Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway to study the protective effects of curcumin on macrophages under oxidative stress in vitro. We used RAW264.7 cells as a research model, and oxidative damage was induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Cell viability was measured by an MTT assay. Flow cytometry was used to measure cellular ROS and apoptosis. The effect of curcumin on Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway-related genes was analyzed by qRT-PCR. Furthermore, the translocation of Nrf2 protein was also investigated by Western blot analysis of total and nuclear proteins. All curcumin-treated groups exhibited increased activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX). Low- and middle-dose curcumin decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) and ROS levels, but high-dose curcumin increased MDA and ROS production. We found that low-dose curcumin protected cells from apoptosis, while apoptosis in the middle- and high-dose curcumin-treated groups were stagnant in the early stage. Furthermore, middle-dose curcumin upregulated Nrf2 expression after H2O2 treatment for 4 h. Low- and middle-dose curcumin could activate Nrf2 and promote it to migrate into nuclei. The translocation of Nrf2 to the nucleus to upregulate the expression of haemoxygenase-1 (HO-1) was promoted in the low- and middle-dose curcumin-treated groups. The middle-dose curcumin-treated group also exhibited enhanced expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase, a modifier subunit (GLCM), but inhibited transcription of glutamate-cysteine ligase, a catalytic subunit (GCLC). Curcumin resisted oxidants by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and activating the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway, which could potentially promote cell survival.

Like mammals, fish possess an interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 3/IRF7-dependent type I IFN responses, but the exact mechanism by which IRF3/IRF7 regulate the type I IFNs remains largely unknown. In this study, we identified two type I IFNs in the Perciforme fish large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea, one of which belongs to the fish IFNd subgroup and the other is assigned to a novel subgroup of group I IFNs in fish, tentatively termed IFNh. The two IFN genes are constitutively expressed in all examined tissues, but with varied expression levels. Both IFN genes can be rapidly induced in head kidney and spleen tissues by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid. The recombinant IFNh was shown to be more potent to trigger a rapid induction of the antiviral genes MxA and protein kinase R than the IFNd, suggesting that they may play distinct roles in regulating early antiviral immunity. Strikingly, IFNd, but not IFNh, could induce the gene expression of itself and IFNh through a positive feedback loop mediated by the IFNd-dependent activation of IRF3 and IRF7. Furthermore, our data demonstrate that the induction of IFNd can be enhanced by the dimeric formation of IRF3 and IRF7, while the IFNh expression mainly involves IRF3. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the IFN responses are diverse in fish and are likely to be regulated by distinct mechanisms.

Inflammaging, a chronic low-grade inflammation, is considered as the basis of age-related diseases. Mindfulness is involved in protecting telomeres, whose shortening causes aging. This paper reports a protocol for the meta-analysis and systematic review to bond the causality between the mindfulness practices and inflammaging responses according to the data collected from the relevant observational studies. The published studies during 2006-2023 will be identified from PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ProQuest Dissertation & Theses Global. The retrieved records will be screened independently by two researchers, and the relevant data will be extracted after reaching an agreement. The eligible studies will be analyzed with both of a meta-analysis and a narrative review. The risk of bias will be evaluated according to the Cochrane assessment for risk of biases. In the meta-analysis, random models will be applied to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions on inflammaging due to the variation among studies. The dppc2 and Cohen's d will be calculated for synthesizing the evidences from the randomized controlled trials and intervention programs without a pretest-posttest design, respectively. The interstudy heterogeneity will be assessed with the Q test and quantified using I2 statistic. The subgroup analyses will be conducted against the categorical moderators and meta-regressions against the continuous ones. A narrative review will be recruited to deepen the understanding of the primary outcomes, in which consequential covariates with limited data in the bulk of reports will be included. PROSPERO registration number CRD42022321766.

Largemouth bass virus (LMBV), belonging to the genus Ranavirus, causes high mortality and heavy economic losses in largemouth bass aquaculture. In the present study, a novel cell line, designated as MsF, was established from the fin of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), and applied to investigate the characteristics of cell death induced by LMBV. MsF cells showed susceptibility to LMBV, evidenced by the occurrence of a cytopathic effect (CPE), increased viral gene transcription, protein synthesis, and viral titers. In LMBV-infected MsF cells, two or more virus assembly sites were observed around the nucleus. Notably, no apoptotic bodies occurred in LMBV-infected MsF cells after nucleus staining, suggesting that cell death induced by LMBV in host cells was distinct from apoptosis. Consistently, DNA fragmentation was not detected in LMBV-infected MsF cells. Furthermore, only caspase-8 and caspase-3 were significantly activated in LMBV-infected MsF cells, suggesting that caspases were involved in non-apoptotic cell death induced by LMBV in host cells. In addition, the disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were detected in both LMBV-infected MsF cells and fathead minnow (FHM) cells. Combined with our previous study, we propose that cell death induced by LMBV infection was cell type dependent. Although LMBV-infected MsF cells showed the characteristics of non-apoptotic cell death, the signal pathways might crosstalk and interconnect between apoptosis and other PCD during LMBV infection. Together, our results not only established the in vitro LMBV infection model for the study of the interaction between LMBV and host cells but also shed new insights into the mechanisms of ranavirus pathogenesis.

Background The intact tendon–bone interface (TBI) consists of four histological layers—tendon, fibrocartilage, calcified fibrocartilage, and bone—that gradually merge into each other, making complete structural restoration after injury challenging. Osteoporosis poses a significant risk for rotator cuff tears (RCTs) and re-tears after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR). Activating Leptin receptor (Lepr) mediated Stat3 signaling transduction facilitates the transcription of Runx2 and Sox9, respectively, and promotes osteogenesis and chondrogenesis. Materials and methods Sixty-five female Sprague Dawley rats were used. Animal models—ovariectomy (OVX) and rotator cuff tear and repair (RC)—were employed to simulate typical tendon–bone healing and TBI reconstruction under deficient bone-forming capability. And, grip strength, transcriptome, ELISA, histochemistry, and qPCR were performed to reveal the distinct functional recovery between RC and OVX + RC rats, as well as pathophysiologic exhibition in the TBI at 2-week and 8-week. Results RC rats exhibited better functional recovery during the proliferative phase of TBI reconstruction, i.e., 2-week, compared to OVX + RC rats, while both RC and OVX + RC rats showed a lower grip strength in the upper limbs during the remodeling phase, i.e., 8-week. In RCTs, where adipogenesis was suppressed in RCT healing, the osteoblast-derived Leptin (Lep) and Angiopoietin like 4 (Angptl4), the Lepr ligands, facilitate osteogenesis and chondrogenesis, resulting in an obvious mineralized band in the reconstructed TBI and a transit cartilage band during the proliferative phase in RC rats. In osteoporosis-comorbid RCTs, where osteogenesis was suppressed while adipogenesis was activated, the adipocyte-derived Lep and Angptl4, particularly Angptl4, facilitated Stat3 phosphorylation and nucleus transfer, Sox9 transcription, and chondrogenesis, which was observed in OVX + RC rats and led to excessive cartilage regeneration. Conclusions This study demonstrated the role of Lep and Angptl4 in TBI reconstruction, via activating Lepr-mediated Stat3–Sox9 and Stat3–Runx2 signaling pathways, differentially regulating osteogenesis and chondrogenesis, and leading to the distinct clinical outcomes post-ARCR in RCTs and osteoporosis-comorbid RCTs. This study provides fundamental support for increasing Angptl4 in situ for chronogenesis in RCTs and lowering Angptl4 to Lep ratio for osteogenesis in RCTs with osteoporosis comorbidity.

Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV), one of the nucleocytoviricota viruses (NCVs), is a highly pathogenic iridovirid. SGIV infection results in massive economic losses to the aquaculture industry and significantly threatens global biodiversity. In recent years, high morbidity and mortality in aquatic animals have been caused by iridovirid infections worldwide. Effective control and prevention strategies are urgently needed. Here, we present a near-atomic architecture of the SGIV capsid and identify eight types of capsid proteins. The viral inner membrane-integrated anchor protein colocalizes with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), supporting the hypothesis that the biogenesis of the inner membrane is associated with the ER. Additionally, immunofluorescence assays indicate minor capsid proteins (mCPs) could form various building blocks with major capsid proteins (MCPs) before the formation of a viral factory (VF). These results expand our understanding of the capsid assembly of NCVs and provide more targets for vaccine and drug design to fight iridovirid infections. High morbidity and mortality in aquatic have been caused by iridovirids worldwide. Here the authors present a near-atomic SGIV capsid structure. Functional assays further reveal the relationships between identified capsid proteins and viral assembly.

This paper proposes a real-time heart rate detection method based on 77 GHz FMCW radar. Firstly, the method establishes a new motion model according to respiratory and heartbeat rules, and extracts the motion signals of the chest and the abdomen; then, the random body motion (RBM) signal is eliminated by a combination of polynomial fitting and recursive least squares (RLS) adaptive filtering; lastly, multi-detection-point adaptive harmonics cancellation (AHC) is used to eliminate respiratory harmonics. In addition, the method introduces a spectrum analysis algorithm based on linear predictive coding (LPC). The experimental results show that the method can effectively eliminate the RBM signal and respiratory harmonics, and that the average real-time heart rate detection error rate is 2.925%.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the impact of SYX on the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF).Methods: 8 databases were examined to identify RCTs published from the beginning until April 2024. They included PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and other databases. Outcome measures included cardiac parameters (LVEF, LVEDD, LVESD, LAD, NT-proBNP, and 6WMT), inflammatory parameters (interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor α, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein), and cardiac electrophysiologic data (Pd and Pmax). The RevMan 5.4 software was utilized to perform the meta-analysis.Results: The inclusion criteria were met by a total of 29 trials, involving 2847 patients with AF. The findings of our study suggest that the combination of Shensong Yangxin Capsule (SYC) and conventional medicines for AF led to a significant improvement in LVEF (MD = 4.55, 95% CI = 3.50 to 5.59, p<0.00001) and 6MWT (MD = 56.14, 95% CI = 45.64 to 66.64, p<0.00001), meanwhile decreased levels of NT-proBNP (MD = −151.39, 95% CI = −224.32 to −78.47, p<0.0001), Pd (MD = −9.58, 95% CI = −12.80 to −6.36, p<0.00001), LVEDD (MD = −5.09, 95% CI = −6.98 to −3.20, p<0.00001), LVESD (MD = −3.83, 95% CI = −6.70 to −0.95, p=0.009), and Pmax (MD = −11.20, 95% CI = −16.25 to −6.16, p<0.00001) observed no significant adverse reactions.Conclusion: The combination of SYC and conventional medicines has been shown to enhance cardiac function and reduce inflammatory parameters, as evidenced by improvements in cardiac electrophysiology data.

Osteoarthritis causes joint pain and functional disorder, of which knee osteoarthritis is the most common. Nowadays, clinically effective treatments mainly include conservative treatment, arthroplasty, and osteotomy. However, conservative treatment only offers symptomatic relief and arthroplasty is limited to the patients with a moderate to severe degree of osteoarthritis. For relatively young patients who require greater knee preservation, a surgical treatment with low operation trauma and revision rate is needed. Osteotomy around the knee, based on the notion of “knee preservation,” has been chosen as an alternative surgical treatment. Cutting and realigning the bones corrects the mechanical line of lower limb force bearing. As such, osteotomy around the knee retains normal anatomical structure and obtains good functional recovery of the knee joint. The techniques of osteotomy around the knee includes anti‐varus deformity and anti‐valgus deformity osteotomy, aiming to reallocate the force bearing in the compartment of the knee joint. By choosing the surgical section of the lower limbs, the osteotomy around the knee can achieve the correction of mechanical axis, such as the high tibial osteotomy (HTO), proximal fibular osteotomy (PFO), and distal femur osteotomy (DFO). Numerous modified techniques have been developed to meet the demands of patients based on traditional methods. These modified osteotomy have their own advantages and indications. This paper aims to guide clinical treatment by reviewing different types of osteotomies, and their effects, that have been studied and applied widely in clinical practices. Osteotomy around the knee (OAK), one of the clinical treatments for knee osteoarthritis (OA), is based on the notion of “knee preservation” and primarily applies to relatively young and high‐demand patients. The principle of OAK is to correct the mechanical axis in the lower limbs. According to the types of deformity, the techniques can be divided into anti‐varus deformity and anti‐valgus deformity osteotomy. By choosing the surgical section of the lower limbs, anti‐varus deformity and anti‐valgus deformity osteotomy can be further divided into high tibial osteotomy (HTO), proximal fibular osteotomy (PFO), and distal femur osteotomy (DFO). Osteotomy is easy to conduct, low‐risk, almost all cases have rapid recovery after surgery, and it has been chosen as an alternative surgical treatment.