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Background Perinatal depression is the most common complication of gestation and childbearing affecting women and their families, and good social support and family function are considered protective and modifiable factors. This study aimed to investigate depression status and explore inter-relationships between social support and perinatal depression considering the influence of family function in rural areas of Southwest China. Methods This is a cross-sectional study. The following instruments were used: the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale, the APGAR Family Care Index Scale, and the Social Support Rate Scale. A structural equation modelling was used to test the hypothesis relationships among the variables. Results A total of 490 rural antenatal ( N  = 249) and postpartum ( N  = 241) women (mean age (standard deviation), 28.17 ± 5.12) participated. We found that the prevalence of depression symptoms was 10.4%. Path analysis showed that family function had a direct negative correlation with depression (β = − 0.251, 95%CI: − 0.382 to − 0.118). Social support had a direct positive correlation with family function (β =0.293, 95%CI: 0.147 to 0.434) and had an indirect negative correlation with depression (β = − 0.074, 95%CI: − 0.139 to − 0.032), family function fully mediated the relationship between social support and depression. Conclusions Findings of this study highlight that family function should be considered as the key target for interventions aiming to lower the prevalence of perinatal depression. Family members interventions are critical to reduce depression among antenatal and postpartum women.

The fungi of the human microbiota play important roles in the nutritional metabolism and immunological balance of the host. Recently, research has increasingly emphasised the role of fungi in modulating inflammation in intestinal diseases and maintaining health in this environment. It is therefore necessary to understand more clearly the interactions and mechanisms of the microbiota/pathogen/host relationship and the resulting inflammatory processes, as well as to offer new insights into the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), colorectal cancer (CRC) and other intestinal pathologies. In this review, we comprehensively elucidate the fungal-associated pathogenic mechanisms of intestinal inflammation in IBD and related CRC, with an emphasis on three main aspects: the direct effects of fungi and their metabolites on the host, the indirect effects mediated by interactions with other intestinal microorganisms and the immune regulation of the host. Understanding these mechanisms will enable the development of innovative approaches based on the use of fungi from the resident human microbiota such as dietary interventions, fungal probiotics and faecal microbiota transplantation in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of intestinal diseases.

Background Several studies have demonstrated that coronary heart disease (CHD) is a high risk factor for cognitive impairment, whereas other studies showed that there was no association between cognitive impairment and CHD. The relationship between CHD and cognitive impairment is still unclear based on these conflicting results. Thus, it is of importance to evaluate the association between CHD and cognitive impairment. The present study made a meta‐analysis to explore the association between CHD and risk of cognitive impairment. Methods Articles exploring the association between CHD and cognitive impairment and published before November 2020 were searched in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. We used STATA 12.0 software to compute the relative risks (RRs), odds ratios (ORs), or hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results The meta‐analysis showed a positive association between CHD and risk of all‐cause cognitive impairment with a random effects model (RR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.36, I2 = 82.8%, p < .001). Additionally, the study showed a positive association between myocardial infraction (MI) and risk of all‐cause cognitive impairment with a random effects model (RR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.84, I2 = 76.0%, p < .001). However, no significant association was detected between angina pectoris (AP) and risk of all‐cause cognitive impairment with a random effects model (RR = 1.23, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.58, I2 = 79.1%, p < .001). Subgroup studies also showed that CHD patients are at higher risk for vascular dementia (VD), but not Alzheimer's disease (AD) (VD: RR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.28–1.39; AD: RR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.92–1.07). Conclusion In a word, CHD was significantly associated with an increased risk of developing cognitive impairment. In a word, CHD was significantly associated with an increased risk of developing cognitive impairment.

To appraise the clinical effectiveness and complications of two surgical approaches, namely decompression alone (DA) versus decompression with interbody fusion (DF), in managing degenerative lumbar diseases (DLD). As of July 1, 2024, an exhaustive search identified all randomized controlled studies and cohort studies comparing DA and DF in DLD management. Relevant data were extracted using strict criteria, and study quality was assessed via the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Cochrane Collaboration's tool. The extracted outcomes encompassed a range of measures, including operative duration, intraoperative hemorrhage, hospitalization length, time to ambulation, short form 12 physical component score (SF12-PCS), low back pain visual analog scale (VAS) score, leg pain VAS score, Oswestry disability index (ODI), Japanese orthopedic association (JOA) score, EuroQol five dimensions (EQ-5D), incidence of complications, reoperation rate, and Odom's criteria. A total of 35 articles were included in this study, involving 12,030 patients. Of these, 7,442 patients were in the DA group, while 4,588 were in the DF group. Operative duration was shorter (MD = -89.09, 95%CI -92.71, -85.47, P < 0.00001), intraoperative hemorrhage was less (MD = -242.26, 95%CI -252.16, -232.36, P < 0.00001), hospitalization length was shorter (MD = -2.36, 95%CI -2.59, -2.14, P < 0.00001), and time to ambulation was reduced (MD = -10.49, 95%CI -12.52, -8.46, P < 0.00001) in the DA group than in the DF group. At the final follow-up for ODI, the DF group demonstrated statistically superior outcomes compared to the DA group (MD = 1.28, 95%CI 0.35, 2.21, P = 0.007). Data revealed no significant differences in SF12-PCS, JOA score, back pain VAS score, leg pain VAS score, final follow-up EQ-5D, reoperation rates, complication rates, and Odom's criteria (P > 0.05). When treating DLD, DA offers more favorable outcomes in terms of operative duration, intraoperative hemorrhage, hospitalization length, and time to ambulation. These findings suggest that DA should be considered the preferred surgical approach for most DLD patients, unless specific indications for fusion exist. Clinicians should tailor decisions to each surgery's specifics to optimize patient outcomes. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42024580975.

In this paper, we will discuss the excellent broadband microwave absorption behaviors of Cu/CuO/carbon nanosheet composites: traces of copper and oxide embedded in a carbon nano-sheet not only cut down the high permittivity of adsorbs but also induce more interfacial polarization centers. The results showed that at a cracking temperature of 900 °C, the fabricated material has a unique ripple-like structure, which promotes the hierarchical interfacial polarization. The prepared material has a maximum absorption bandwidth of 4.48 GHz at an exceedingly thin thickness of 1.7 mm and a maximum reflection loss of −25.3 dB at a thickness of 2 mm. It is a relatively ideal material for electromagnetic wave absorption.

The impact of global climate change on glaciers has drawn significant attention; however, limited research has been conducted to comprehend the consequences of glacier melting on the associated formation and evolution of glacial lakes. This study presents a semi-automated methodology developed on the cloud platforms Google Earth Engine and Google Colab to effectively detect dynamic changes in the glaciers as well as glacial and non-glacial lakes of the Cordillera Real, Bolivia, using over 200 Landsat images from 1984 to 2021. We found that the study area experienced a rise in temperature and precipitation, resulting in a substantial decline in glacier coverage and a simultaneous increase in both the total number and total area of lakes. A strong correlation between glacier area and the extent of natural glacier-fed lakes highlights the significant downstream impact of glacier recession on water bodies. Over the study period, glaciers reduced their total area by 42%, with recent years showing a deceleration in glacier recession, aligning with the recent stabilization observed in the area of natural glacier-fed lakes. Despite these overall trends, many smaller lakes, especially non-glacier-fed ones, decreased in size, attributed to seasonal and inter-annual variations in lake inflow caused by climate variability. These findings suggest the potential decline of natural lakes amid ongoing climate changes, prompting alterations in natural landscapes and local water resources. The study reveals the response of glaciers and lakes to climate variations, including the contribution of human-constructed water reservoirs, providing valuable insights into crucial aspects of future water resources in the Cordillera Real.

Purpose To compare the 1-year myopia control effects of spectacle lenses with highly aspherical lenslets (HAL), HAL combined with 0.01% atropine (HALA), and single-vision spectacle lenses (SVL) in children with moderate to high myopia. Methods This retrospective cohort study analyzed 175 myopic children treated at the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University between January 2020 and January 2024. Participants were divided into three groups based on treatment: HAL ( n  = 62), HALA ( n  = 55), and SVL ( n  = 58). Changes in axial length (AL) and spherical equivalent refraction (SER) under non-cycloplegic conditions were compared using one-way ANOVA. Post hoc pairwise comparisons were performed using the LSD method, and all pairwise p-values were subsequently adjusted for multiple comparisons using the false discovery rate (FDR) to control the risk of Type I error. Results After 12 months, mean AL elongation was 0.21 ± 0.15 mm in the HAL group, 0.21 ± 0.13 mm in the HALA group, and 0.28 ± 0.15 mm in the SVL group. AL changes between HAL and HALA were not significantly different ( P  = 0.837). However, both HAL ( P  = 0.004) and HALA ( P  = 0.009) significantly slowed axial elongation compared to SVL. In subgroup analysis, children aged 8–10 years showed no significant differences among groups. In the 11–12-year subgroup, both HAL and HALA significantly reduced AL elongation compared to SVL, with no difference between HAL and HALA. Conclusion HAL and HALA offer similar efficacy in controlling myopia progression in children with moderate-to-high myopia, both outperforming SVL. Their effects appear more pronounced in older children.

The wireless sensor network (WSN), a communication system widely used in the Internet of Things, usually collects physical data in a natural environment and monitors abnormal events. Because of the redundancy of natural data, a compressed-sensing-based model offers energy-efficient data processing to overcome the energy shortages and uneven consumption problems of a WSN. However, the convex relaxation method, which is widely used for a compressed-sensing-based WSN, is not sufficient for reducing data processing energy consumption. In addition, when abnormal events occur, the redundancy of the original data is destroyed, which makes the traditional compressed sensing methods ineffective. In this paper, we use a non-convex fraction function as the surrogate function of the ℓ0-norm, which achieves lower energy consumption of the sensor nodes. Moreover, considering abnormal event monitoring in a WSN, we propose a new data construction model and apply an alternate direction iterative thresholding algorithm, which avoids extra measurements, unlike previous algorithms. The results showed that our models and algorithms reduced the WSN’s energy consumption during abnormal events.

Early-onset ischemic heart disease (IHD) is an emerging global health concern. Quantifying its burden and key risk factors is essential for effective prevention and control. This study utilizes the data from Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 to analyze the burden of IHD in young and middle-aged population (15–49 years old), including prevalence, incidence, deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2021. Attributable risk factors were assessed across different sex and region, and trends were analyzed using age-standardized rate (ASR) and average annual percentage change (AAPC). In 2021, the ASR of prevalence and incidence showed an increasing trend, with AAPCs of 0.26% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.24% to 0.29%) and 0.23% (95%CI, 0.09% to 0.38%), respectively; the ASR of mortality and DALYs showed a decreasing trend, with AAPCs of -0.67 (95%CI, -0.91% to -0.44%) and − 0.64 (95%CI, -0.87% to -0.42%).The highest burden were observed in countries with low-middle socio-demographic index. Gender differences were observed, with men generally bearing a higher burden. Dietary risks were identified as the most significant risk factors. The burden of early-onset IHD remains a major health challenge, with significant region and gender disparities. The burden needs to be addressed through targeted public health policies.

Background Angiogenesis and tissue repair in chronic non-healing diabetic wounds remain critical clinical problems. Engineered MSC-derived exosomes have significant potential for the promotion of wound healing. Here, we discuss the effects and mechanisms of eNOS-rich umbilical cord MSC exosomes (UCMSC-exo/eNOS) modified by genetic engineering and optogenetic techniques on diabetic chronic wound repair. Methods Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were engineered to express two recombinant proteins. Large amounts of eNOS were loaded into UCMSC-exo using the EXPLOR system under blue light irradiation. The effects of UCMSC-exo/eNOS on the biological functions of fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells in vitro were evaluated. Full-thickness skin wounds were constructed on the backs of diabetic mice to assess the role of UCMSC-exo/eNOS in vascular neogenesis and the immune microenvironment, and to explore the related molecular mechanisms. Results eNOS was substantially enriched in UCMSCs-exo by endogenous cellular activities under blue light irradiation. UCMSC-exo/eNOS significantly improved the biological functions of cells after high-glucose treatment and reduced the expression of inflammatory factors and apoptosis induced by oxidative stress. In vivo, UCMSC-exo/eNOS significantly improved the rate of wound closure and enhanced vascular neogenesis and matrix remodeling in diabetic mice. UCMSC-exo/eNOS also improved the inflammatory profile at the wound site and modulated the associated immune microenvironment, thus significantly promoting tissue repair. Conclusion This study provides a novel therapeutic strategy based on engineered stem cell-derived exosomes for the promotion of angiogenesis and tissue repair in chronic diabetic wounds. Graphic Abstract