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Effective enterprise management is essential for maintaining competitiveness and facilitating long-term growth in the current dynamic business landscape. Decision-making in this area is complex, requiring managers to assess various, frequently conflicting, criteria amid uncertainty and subjectivity. Traditional multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods are valuable but limited by their dependence on crisp data and their inability to effectively handle ambiguity, hesitation, and imprecise expert judgements, often leading to suboptimal or biassed outcomes. This study presents a smart decision engine for enterprise performance optimization, utilising complex picture fuzzy sets (CPSs) to represent uncertainty with improved flexibility and precision effectively. The framework utilizes the integrated determination of objective criteria weights (IDOCRIW) method for establishing objective criteria weights, incorporates the ranking comparison (RANCOM) approach to integrate expert-driven subjective preferences, and employs the measurement alternatives and ranking according to compromise solution (MARCOS) method for a thorough evaluation and ranking of alternative enterprise strategies. The proposed model’s robustness and reliability are validated through sensitivity and comparative analyses, demonstrating its superiority over traditional techniques. The findings indicate that the Smart Decision Engine enhances the accuracy and consistency of strategic evaluations while serving as a scalable and adaptable decision-support tool for managers aiming to optimize enterprise performance in uncertain and dynamic environments.

Electric vehicles (EVs) are a promising option to reduce air pollution and shipping costs, especially in urban areas. To provide scientific guidance for the growing number of logistics companies using EVs, we investigated an electric-vehicle-routing problem with simultaneous pickup and delivery that also considers non-linear charging and load-dependent discharging (EVRPSPD-NL-LD). The objective was to minimize the total number of EVs and the total working time, including travel time, charging time, waiting time, and service time. We formulated the problem as a mixed integer linear program (MILP), and small-size problems could be solved to optimality in an acceptable amount of time using the commercial solver IBM ILOG CPLEX Optimization Studio (CPLEX). In view of the fact that the problem is NP-hard, an adaptive large neighborhood search (ALNS) metaheuristic method was proposed to solve large-size problems. Meanwhile, new operators and a time priority approach were developed to provide options for different scenarios. The results of our computational investigation and sensitivity analysis showed that the proposed methods are effective and efficient for modified benchmark instances.

Breast cancer (BC) has the second highest incidence among cancers and is the leading cause of death among women worldwide. The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is overexpressed in approximately 20%–30% of BC patients. The development of HER2-targeted drugs, including monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs), has improved the operation rate and pathological remission rate and reduced the risk of postoperative recurrence for HER2-positive early-stage BC (HER2+ EBC) patients. This review systematically summarizes the mechanisms, resistance, therapeutic modalities and safety of HER2-targeted drugs and helps us further understand these drugs and their use in clinical practice for patients with HER2+ EBC.

To address the challenge of instability control in the collaborative bearing structure of stope roof and barrier pillars in short-wall interval filling mining, a combined approach of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and field application was adopted. A mechanical model of the roof–pillars collaborative bearing structure was established, and the analytical solutions of roof bending stress were derived. The effects of mining mechanics and structural parameters on the stability of the roof–pillars structure were further analyzed, and the optimal branch roadway width, number of barrier pillars, and elastic modulus of the backfilling body were determined. The results were validated through numerical simulation and field testing. The results indicate that: ① The analytical solution of the roof deflection equation shows significant variation in the maximum bending stress distribution along the branch roadway roof, with the peak stress occurring at the branch roadway roof, which is identified as the most vulnerable area for roof instability. ② Orthogonal tests and variance analysis reveal that the elastic modulus of barrier pillars exerts the most significant influence on roof stability (variance 120.3), followed by branch roadway width (56.5) and the interval number of barrier pillars (19.8). The optimized parameter combination includes a branch roadway width of 5 m, two barrier pillars (10 m in width), and a backfilling body with an elastic modulus of 1.2 GPa. Under these conditions, the mean maximum roof bending stress is 14.8 MPa, with a range of 22.4 MPa, achieving both mechanical equilibrium and economic efficiency. ③ Numerical simulations show that during three mining cycles, the stress distribution of barrier pillars gradually transitions from a “double-peak” to a “single-peak” pattern. The maximum vertical stress increases from 15 MPa to 24.65 MPa; however, the barrier pillars remain stable, the development of the surrounding rock plastic zone is controllable, and the roof deformation (163.5 mm) is within the safety threshold. ④ In industrial applications, field measurements at the 2-106 filling working face show that the maximum deformation of the roof and floor is 54 mm, and roof separation is less than 24 mm, thereby validating the effectiveness of the optimized parameters. This study reveals the collaborative bearing mechanism of the roof–pillars system under the condition of two unfilled branch roadways, proposes optimization criteria for structural parameters, and provides theoretical support and engineering reference for the safe application of short-wall interval filling mining technology.

This paper investigates the design problem of an electric bus (E-bus) route with charging stations to smooth the operations between E-bus service and charging. The design variables include the locations of E-bus stops, number of charging piles at charging stations, fare, and headway. A mathematical programming model is proposed to maximize social welfare in consideration of the uncertain charging demand at charging stations. The model solution algorithm is also designed. The model and algorithm are demonstrated on the E-bus route 931 in the city of Suzhou, China. The results of the case studies show that (i) the right number of stops on a bus route can contribute to the highest social welfare; (ii) the pile–bus ratio decreases with the increase of E-bus fleet size, thereby improving the E-bus charging efficiency at charging stations; and (iii) deploying charging stations at one end of a bus route can achieve a shorter waiting time for E-bus compared with deployment at two ends.

The acquisition of resistance to one antibiotic sometimes leads to collateral sensitivity to a second antibiotic. Here, we show that vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecium is associated with a remarkable increase in susceptibility to pleuromutilin antibiotics (such as lefamulin), which target the bacterial ribosome. The trade-off between vancomycin and pleuromutilins is mediated by epistasis between the van gene cluster and msrC , encoding an ABC-F protein that protects bacterial ribosomes from antibiotic targeting. In mouse models of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium colonization and septicemia, pleuromutilin treatment reduces colonization and improves survival more effectively than standard therapy (linezolid). Our findings suggest that pleuromutilins may be useful for the treatment of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium infections. The acquisition of resistance to one antibiotic sometimes leads to collateral sensitivity to a second antibiotic. Here, the authors show that vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecium is associated with a remarkable increase in susceptibility to pleuromutilin antibiotics, such as lefamulin.

Background As global aging intensifies, older adults with chronic diseases are of increasing concern. Home and community-based services (HCBSs) have been proven to promote self-rated health (SRH) in older adults, but no research explored the associations between the use of overall HCBSs, three different types of HCBSs (health care, daily care, and social support services) and SRH among older adults with chronic diseases. Consequently, this study applies a national publicly available database to examine these associations among older adults with chronic diseases. Methods 8,623 older adults with chronic diseases (≥ 60 years old) were included in this study. SRH was evaluated applying a concise question with a 1 − 5 scale. HCBSs utilization was assessed through the question, “What kind of HCBSs were used in the community?”. Univariate general linear regression models aimed to compare the mean values of SRH in terms of HCBSs utilization in each group. This study is a cross-sectional study design and the relationship between HCBSs utilization and SRH was assessed by multilevel linear regression. Results The mean score for SRH among the respondents was 3.19, of whom 20.55% used one or more HCBSs, 19.47% utilized health care services, 2.44% utilized social support services, and only 0.55% utilized daily care services. The use of HCBSs was found to be linked to SRH among older adults with chronic diseases (β = 0.085, SE = 0.025, p  < 0.001). SRH among older adults with chronic diseases was strongly linked to the use of health care and social support services (β = 0.068, SE = 0.025, p  < 0.001; β = 0.239, SE = 0.063, p  < 0.001, respectively). However, there was no significant association between the use of daily care services and SRH among older adults with chronic diseases. Conclusion This study revealed that HCBSs utilization was positively and significantly linked to SRH in Chinese older adults with chronic diseases. Furthermore, this study supposes the low utilization of social support and daily care services may be due to a mismatch between supply and demand. The government should offer the targeted HCBSs for older adults with chronic diseases according to their unique features to enhance their health status.

The roadway surrounding rock stability under the influence of interchange remaining coal pillar in close distance coal seams is one of the key factors affecting the coal mines safe and efficient mining. To reduce the roadway deformation, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and on‐site verification were used to study the influence of geological, mining, and support factors on the stability of the floor roadway surrounding rock. A design method for strengthening the roadway surrounding rock support was proposed. The results showed that the coal seam depth, the distribution characteristics of the remaining coal pillar load, the starting point position of stress recovery in the upper coal seam goaf and the lower coal seam goaf lateral load had a significant influence on the lower coal seam stress. The peak stress in the lower coal seam increased linearly with the increase of the coal seam depth, the remaining coal pillar, and the lower coal seam goaf lateral peak stress. The remaining coal pillar influence area width increased linearly and exponentially with the increase of the remaining coal pillar width and the distance between the starting point of stress recovery in goaf and the coal pillar edge, respectively. The peak stress and shear strength of the narrow coal pillar decreased exponentially with the increase of the spacing between bolts or cables. The roadway surrounding rock deformation decreased exponentially with the increase of the distance between the strengthening support area and the remaining coal pillar edge. For the Baigou coalmine, a design scheme for bolt strengthening support parameters has been proposed. The roadway surrounding rock deformation tended to stabilize after 21 days, with deformation values of 264 and 488 mm for the roof and floor, and two sides, respectively. The floor vertical stress distribution under the remaining coal pillar.

The lower Yangtze Valley provides a rich context for studying the interplay between the origins and intensification of agriculture and socio-political complexity. While the adoption of agriculture was closely associated with the developing societal complexity in major core centres during the Liangzhu period (3300–2300 BC), smaller and peripheral sites, which were also integral parts of the regional social fabric, exhibited contrasting subsistence choices and varying societal development. By examining these locations, a better understanding of the core-hinterland relationships within the region’s complex social structure and agricultural background would be clarified. In this paper, we present a zooarchaeological study of the Jiangzhuang site, located on the northern periphery of the Liangzhu culture. The faunal assemblage is primarily composed of cervids with a small proportion of suids, indicating subsistence heavily relying on wild resources. The morphological variation in suids is likely a result of the co-existence of domesticated pigs, wild boar, feral pigs, and probably the hybrid of the three, unveiling a complex human-suid relationship. The intensive utilisation of cervid bones for tool production is also a distinctive feature. While the Jiangzhuang community might have been articulated with the Liangzhu centre through the circulation of ritual jades, the subsistence economy there remained largely self-sufficient. The economic independence in the peripheral region might have contributed to the increasing decentralisation in the late Liangzhu period, providing a plausible explanation for the collapse of Liangzhu society.

Copper-based catalysts exhibit excellent performance of electrocatalytic alkynes hydrogenation, especially for the selective alkynes hydrogenation toward alkenes. However, the selective electrocatalytic alkynes hydrogenation toward alkanes is hard to achieve over copper-based catalysts because electron-rich Cu 0 sites are unable to adsorb and activate nucleophilic alkenes. Herein, we report a metallic copper catalyst containing internal lattice oxygen atoms for steering the selectivity of alkynes hydrogenation toward alkanes. Internal lattice oxygen atoms protect Cu δ+ sites from being reduced during electrocatalytic alkynes hydrogenation so that alkenes intermediates can continually be adsorbed and converted to alkanes on stable Cu δ+ sites. Due to the synergy between Cu 0 and Cu δ+ sites, metallic copper electrocatalyst containing internal lattice oxygen atoms shows an excellent selectivity for selective alkynes hydrogenation toward alkanes (2-methyl-3-butan-2-ol selectivity of 94.9%). This work opens a avenue for steering the selective alkynes hydrogenation, and more importantly, it fills in a gap on the selective electrocatalytic alkynes hydrogenation toward alkanes over copper-based catalysts. Alkyne hydrogenation is important for producing industrially relevant materials. Here, the authors illustrate why most Cu-based electrocatalysts favor alkyne hydrogenation toward alkene and discuss how to design catalysts which favor alkane formation.