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"Hubbard, Ben"
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Discover fascinating facts and figures about the world's biggest everything! From the mammoth mammal the Blue Whale to the vast planet Jupiter, find out what makes it into the biggest top ten ever.
Book
Inferential biases linked to unobservable states in complex occupancy models
Modeling of species distributions has undergone a shift from relying on equilibrium assumptions to recognizing transient system dynamics explicitly. This shift has necessitated more complex modeling techniques, but the performance of these dynamic models has not yet been assessed for systems where unobservable states exist. Our work is motivated by the impacts of the emerging infectious disease chytridiomycosis, a disease of amphibians that is associated with declines of many species worldwide. Using this host-pathogen system as a general example, we first illustrate how misleading inferences can result from failing to incorporate pathogen dynamics into the modeling process, especially when the pathogen is difficult or impossible to survey in the absence of a host species. We found that traditional modeling techniques can underestimate the effect of a pathogen on host species occurrence and dynamics when the pathogen can only be detected in the host, and pathogen information is treated as a covariate. We propose a dynamic multistate modeling approach that is flexible enough to account for the detection structures that may be present in complex multistate systems, especially when the sampling design is limited by a species’ natural history or sampling technology. When multistate occupancy models are used and an unobservable state is present, parameter estimation can be influenced by model complexity, data sparseness, and the underlying dynamics of the system. We show that, even with large sample sizes, many models incorporating seasonal variation in vital rates may not generate reasonable estimates, indicating parameter redundancy. We found that certain types of missing data can greatly hinder inference, and we make study design recommendations to avoid these issues. Additionally, we advocate the use of time-varying covariates to explain temporal trends in the data, and the development of sampling techniques that match the biology of the system to eliminate unobservable states when possible.
Journal Article
Final Exit Network, Inc. v. Georgia
[...]the state chose a construction that was so underinclusive that it could not have been intended simply to preserve life. Because the statute could have been written in a less restrictive manner, it is not narrowly tailored to the articulated state interest and did not pass the strict scrutiny standard.
Journal Article
Hi tech world : cool stuff
Learn about the very latest technological gadgets including everything from the high performance pogo stick and gekkomat climbing aid to the watch phone with built-in camera.
Book
صدى الانتخابات
بين المقال اقتصاد تركيا على حافة الأزمة. أوضح أن التضخم لا زال عنيدًا في تركيا والذي وصل إلى (44) في المائة. وأشار إلى أنه ومن خلال السنوات العشر الأولى من حكمه، وإشرافه على النمو الاقتصادي الهائل الذي غير المدن التركية وانتشل ملايين الناس من الفقر، متطرقًا إلى أن هذه المكاسب تآكلت في السنوات الأخيرة، وحيث فقدت العملة الوطنية (80) في المائة من قيمتها مقابل الدولار منذ (2018)، وانخفاض التضخم السنوي، والذي وصل إلى أكثر من (80) في المائة في ذروته العام الماضي، مؤكدًا على بقائه عند حد (44) في المائة الشهر الماضي، والذي كان نتيجته شعور الكثرين بالفقر. وبين أن تفاقم الضغط الاقتصادي أدى إلى الأضرار الجسيمة التي سببتها الزلازل القوية، التي دمرت أجزاء كبيرة من جنوب تركيا في فبراير. وأشار إلى منح معظم المحلين له ميزة، وذلك بسبب أدائه القوي في الجولة الأولى. واختتم المقال ببيان ما قاله كريم روتا، المسؤول عن السياسة الاقتصادية لحزب جيليجيك، أنه في حال وصول المعارضة إلى السلطة، ستحتاج إلى خطط قصيرة ومتوسطة المدى، وذلك لتعزيز المالية العامة للحكومة واستعادة ثقة المستثمرين. كُتب هذا المستخلص من قِبل دار المنظومة 2024
Journal Article
Hi tech world : code breakers
From the war-time success of deciphering the German Enigma machine right up to modern-day computer hackers, the exciting history of code-breaking is explored.
BOOK
Revolutionary Robots
\"Are you ready to come face to face with the future? It might have the face of a velociraptor, a super-strong bear or a miniature bee! Learn all about the most bizarre and brilliant bots out there, plus how robots are developed and the incredible things they can do. It's time to meet the revolutionary robots!\" (Revolutionary Robots)
Journal Article
Yuri Gagarin and the race to space
\"Join Yuri Gargarin on his journey into space! This book examines the extraordinary life of the first astronaut in space, from his childhood to his trip round the Earth aboard a Russian spacecraft. Discover what the Space Race was and all about other developments happening at the time. Find out about the rigorous training that astronauts undergo and how the prepare for a journey into the unknown.\"--Back cover.
Book