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The COVID-19 pandemic has underlined the need to partner with the community in pandemic preparedness and response in order to enable trust-building among stakeholders, which is key in pandemic management. Citizen science, defined here as a practice of public participation and collaboration in all aspects of scientific research to increase knowledge and build trust with governments and researchers, is a crucial approach to promoting community engagement. By harnessing the potential of digitally enabled citizen science, one could translate data into accessible, comprehensible and actionable outputs at the population level. The application of citizen science in health has grown over the years, but most of these approaches remain at the level of participatory data collection. This narrative review examines citizen science approaches in participatory data generation, modelling and visualisation, and calls for truly participatory and co-creation approaches across all domains of pandemic preparedness and response. Further research is needed to identify approaches that optimally generate short-term and long-term value for communities participating in population health. Feasible, sustainable and contextualised citizen science approaches that meaningfully engage affected communities for the long-term will need to be inclusive of all populations and their cultures, comprehensive of all domains, digitally enabled and viewed as a key component to allow trust-building among the stakeholders. The impact of COVID-19 on people’s lives has created an opportune time to advance people’s agency in science, particularly in pandemic preparedness and response.

Due to the high burden of mental health issues among students at higher education institutions world-wide, animal-assisted interventions (AAIs) are being used to relieve student stress. The objective of this study was to systematically review of the effects of AAIs on the mental, physiological, and cognitive outcomes of higher education students. Randomized controlled trials using any unfamiliar animal as the sole intervention tool were included in this review. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool. Where possible, effect sizes (Hedges’ g ) were pooled for individual outcomes using random-effects meta-analyses. Albatross plots were used to supplement the data synthesis. Of 2.494 identified studies, 35 were included. Almost all studies used dogs as the intervention animal. The quality of most included studies was rated as moderate. Studies showed an overall reduction of acute anxiety and stress. For other mental outcomes, studies showed smaller, but nonetheless beneficial effects. Studies showed no clear effect on physiological or cognitive outcomes. Strong methodological heterogeneity between studies limited the ability to draw clear conclusions.

[...]the availability and quality of data can vary greatly across sectors and, even where data exist, key challenges linked to data sharing and integration must be addressed. [...]a One Health approach to surveillance provides unique opportunities to monitor not only threats, but also the preconditions for health and determinants of healthy and sustainable systems, thereby supporting resilient ecosystems and health-promoting environments. Infectious diseases A One Health approach to infectious diseases must address not only zoonotic diseases of pandemic potential, but also neglected tropical diseases and the effect of infectious animal diseases on the health of livestock, wildlife (terrestrial and aquatic animal, plant, and insect species), companion animals, food systems and nutrition, antimicrobial use, livelihoods, and economic development. Non-communicable diseases Non-communicable diseases have traditionally received little attention within One Health research and practice, which this Commission seeks to change. A One Health approach to non-communicable diseases enables a systematic understanding and equitable approach to addressing the shared risk factors (eg, environmental pollutants, unhealthy diets, and climate change) and other determinants of health and wellbeing across species and throughout the socioecological system.