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Polymerization-driven removal of pollutants in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) offers a sustainable way for the simultaneous achievement of contamination abatement and resource recovery, supporting a low-carbon water purification approach. However, regulating such a process remains a great challenge due to the insufficient microscopic understanding of electronic structure-dependent reaction mechanisms. Herein, this work probes the origin of catalytic pollutant polymerization using a series of transition metal (Cu, Ni, Co, and Fe) single-atom catalysts and identifies the d -band center of active site as the key driver for polymerization transfer of pollutants. The high-valent metal-oxo species, produced via peroxymonosulfate activation, are found to trigger the pollutant removal via polymerization transfer. Phenoxyl radicals, identified by the innovative spin-trapping and quenching approaches, act as the key intermediate in the polymerization reactions. More importantly, the oxidation capacity of high-valent metal-oxo species can be facilely tuned by regulating their binding strength for peroxymonosulfate through d -band center modulation. A 100% polymerization transfer ratio is achieved by lowering the d -band center. This work presents a paradigm to dynamically modulate the electronic structure of high-valent metal-oxo species and optimize pollutant removal from wastewater via polymerization. Polymerization-driven removal of pollutants in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) allows for sustainable contamination abatement and resource recovery. Here, authors achieved pollutant removal via complete polymerization by tailoring d -band center of high-valent metal-oxo species.

The Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) was formed by the aggregation and collage of numerous Paleozoic subduction‐accretion assemblages and Precambrian microcontinental blocks. However, the tectonic nature of the southeastern CAOB remains controversial, which complicates the reconstruction of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean. To address this issue, a deep seismic reflection survey was initiated across the southeastern CAOB and reveals broad gentle sub‐horizontal reflectors in the middle‐lower crust and a relatively transparent zone in the upper crust. Combining with the Precambrian geological outcrops and other geophysical features, we support a microcontinental block, the Xilinhot Block, existed in the Paleo‐Asian domain. Thus, the Paleo‐Asian Ocean was separated into two branches that underwent north‐dipping and double‐dipping oceanic plate subduction, respectively, to form the Hegenshan‐Heihe and Solonker sutures. Multiple relics beneath Hegenshan‐Heihe Suture indicate that multiple sets of unidirectional oceanic subduction‐accretion and magmatism were important mechanisms of continental growth. Plain Language Summary During the consumption of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean, a great number of Paleozoic subduction‐related accretionary complexes were developed and combined with pre‐existing Precambrian continental fragments to form the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). However, research on the tectonic evolution of this area has been limited, and the tectonic nature of the southeastern CAOB remains controversial. A deep seismic reflection survey along the southeastern CAOB shows the crustal architecture in detail. The broad gentle sub‐horizontal reflectors and a relatively transparent zone in the profile reveal a Precambrian continental fragment existed in the North Orogenic Belt of CAOB. The Paleo‐Asian Ocean was further separated into two parts, the fossil subduction zones of which show northward and bidirectional dipping characteristics beneath the Hegenshan‐Heihe and Solonker sutures, respectively. Several relics of the unidirectional subduction beneath the Hegenshan‐Heihe Suture indicate that multiple sets of unidirectional oceanic subduction‐accretion and magmatism were important mechanisms of continental growth. Key Points A preserved microcontinental block has been revealed in the North Orogenic Belt of Central Asian Orogenic Belt The Paleo‐Asian Ocean was separated into two branches, which were closed respectively by north‐dipping and double‐dipping subduction Multiple unidirectional subduction‐accretion and oceanic magmatism may contribute to continental growth

Life's Essential 8 (LE8) is the American Heart Association (AHA)'s recently updated assessment of cardiovascular health (CVH). Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is one of the most common chronic noncommunicable diseases associated with CVH impairment and an increased risk of mortality. However, the association of LE8 with all-cause and disease-specific mortality in the MetS population remains unknown. We aimed to explore these associations in a national prospective cohort study from NHANES 2005-2018. The LE8 was calculated according to the assessment criteria proposed by the AHA, which includes health behavior and health factor domains. LE8 scores were categorized as low CVH (0-49), moderate CVH (50-79), and high CVH (80-100). MetS was assessed according to NCEP-ATP III criteria, and mortality data were obtained through prospective linkage to the National Death Index database. 7839 participants with MetS were included and only 3.5% were in high CVH. In the fully adjusted models, LE8 was negatively associated with both all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality (hazard ratios [HR] and 95% confidence intervals [CI] of 0.978 (0.971,0.984) and 0.972 (0.961,0.984), respectively, both p < 0.0001). Both moderate/high CVH were associated with significantly lower mortality compared to low CVH (both p for trend <0.0001). Health behaviors had a more dominant effect compared to health factors. All-cause and CVD mortality gradually decreased with increasing ideal LE8 metrics. LE8 was not significantly associated with cancer mortality. LE8 and health behaviors were linearly associated with all-cause and CVD mortality, whereas health factors were nonlinearly associated (plateaued after ≥50). Education and chronic kidney disease influenced the association of LE8 with all-cause and CVD mortality, respectively. LE8 scores were negatively associated with all-cause and CVD mortality in the MetS population, while health behaviors had a dominant role. Adherence to higher CVH contributes to the prevention of excessive all-cause and CVD mortality in the MetS population.

Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are classified as important endocrine disruptors and persistent organic pollutants; nevertheless, there is no comprehensive investigation to evaluate the association between BFRs and hyperuricemia, and the available studies related to this field are exceptionally scarce. For this study, we enrolled 3,812 individuals from NHANES 2005-2016, with nine different types of BFRs serving as the exposure. We conducted advanced machine learning techniques, along with regression analysis to validate our findings from diverse perspectives. Weighted logistic regression were employed to evaluate the association of BFRs for both continuous variables after logarithmic transformation and their quartile subgroups with hyperuricemia. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was conducted to identify whether a non-linear relationship exists. Subgroup analysis enabled us to explore potential interactions of research findings across different groups. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression was performed to assess collective mixture sum impact, along with contributions of each component. Nine machine-learning models were developed for hyperuricemia prediction, and six discrimination characteristics were applied to select the optimal model. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) was utilized to interpret the contributions of selected variables for model decision-making capacity. Several BFRs exhibited noticeable positive correlation with the prevalence of hyperuricemia, including PBDE28 (OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.05-1.54, P-value = 0.014), PBDE47 (OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.02-1.40, P-value = 0.032), PBDE85 (OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.01-1.34, P-value = 0.036), PBDE99 (OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.02-1.34, P-value = 0.025), and PBDE154 (OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.00-1.34, P-value = 0.050) after fully adjustment. The WQS analysis found that the sum effect of BFRs was positively associated with hyperuricemia, of which PBDE28 (28.70%), PBDE85 (22.10%) and PBDE47 (14.90%) were the top 3 components. XGboost exhibited superior performance across several important metrics. The SHAP analysis revealed that the PBDE85, PBDE28 and PBDE154 exhibited considerable influence, ranking after \"BMI≥30\", \"Race-Non-Hispanic Black\" and \"Hypertension-Yes\". Combining the outcomes, our study identified PBDE28 and PBDE85 as the two major significant contributors to elevated prevalence of hyperuricemia. Other components, such as PBDE154, PBDE47, PBDE99, and PBDE100, emerged as potential pollutants. These pioneering efforts highlighted the previously underrecognized impact on this environmental and public health concern.

Background. The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is used as an indicator of prognosis for a wide range of diseases. Thyroid function has been found to be strongly associated with inflammation. The purpose of this investigation was to analyze the correlation between SII and various thyroid functions. Methods. This study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2012. The association between SII and thyroid function was analyzed using weighted univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses. Subgroup analyses, interaction tests, and weighted restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression analyses were also employed to test this correlation. Results. Of the 6,875 participants (age ≥ 20 years), the mean age was 46.87 ± 0.40 years. The adjusted model showed that lnSII was negatively correlated with FT3 (β = −0.0559, 95% CI −0.1060 to −0.0059,) and FT3/FT4 (β = −0.0920, 95% CI −0.1667 to −0.0173,). There was a positive correlation between lnSII and TT4 (β = 0.1499, 95% CI 0.0722–0.2276,). In subgroup analyses, lnSII still independently affected a wide range of thyroid functions. Weighted RCS analysis showed a nonlinear relationship between FT3 and lnSII. Conclusion. Close relationships exist between SII and a variety of thyroid functions. SII can be used as an indicator to predict thyroid dysfunction. Control of inflammatory activity may be a protective measure against thyroid dysfunction. More large-scale prospective studies are necessary to further explore the correlation between SII and thyroid function and the role of obesity in this.

This study uses tissue exosome analysis to explore the role of miR-150-5p and its downstream genes in atherosclerosis (AS), an area where the functional mechanisms and pathophysiological significance of exosomal miR-150-5p remain poorly understood. Exosomes from AS mouse vascular tissue were analyzed to identify miR-150-5p target genes. Dual luciferase assays validated miRNA-target interactions, while RT-qPCR and Western blot assessed FoxO3a expression. RNA interference studies determined FoxO3a's role in pyroptosis. In vivo efficacy of the miR-150-5p inhibitor was evaluated using HE, Masson staining, and immunofluorescence. In AS tissue exosomes, miR-150-5p levels increased whereas FoxO3a levels decreased. miR-150-5p regulated FoxO3a, enhancing macrophage pyroptosis. The miR-150-5p inhibitor reduced ox-LDL-induced RAW264.7 injury and pyroptosis by improving cell viability, decreasing LDH levels, and downregulating pyroptosis related proteins (Caspase-1, NLRP3, GSDMD-N). FoxO3a knockdown weakened the inhibitor's effects on NLRP3/GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis. In Apoe-/- mice, the inhibitor upregulated FoxO3a/ARC and suppressed pyroptosis signaling. This study advances understanding of miR-150-5p-mediated pyroptosis and highlights the potential of miR-150-5p inhibitors in combating AS.

The objective of this research aimed to investigate the correlation involving serum albumin with diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). From 2011 to 2020, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) surveyed 45462 participants. We used the relevant data to conduct descriptive statistics, linear regression, and Logistic regression analysis. After adjusting for age, sex, and race, as well as all other variables, serum albumin was significantly negatively related to DR (P<0.001). Furthermore, after controlling for confounding factors, the third quartile (Q3) and the fourth quartile (Q4) had quite a negative significant relationship with the incidence of DR (P<0.01). The second quartile had a significant positive correlation with DR, whereas the observed negative correlations were not statistically meaningful (P>0.05). Albumin levels in the serum have a quantitatively significant negative correlation with DR. Serum albumin levels in the blood can be used as a reference point for protracted follow-up of people with T2DM.

Glucose dynamics is one of the unique mechanisms in patients with critically ill heart failure (HF). The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of dynamic blood glucose trajectories on 28-day mortality in critically ill HF patients. Latent Category Growth Model (LCGM) was used to classify patients’ blood glucose trajectories during the first 4 days of intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression assessed the association between admission blood glucose levels, glucose trajectories, and 28-day mortality in critically ill HF patients. Subgroup analyses evaluated the robustness of the findings. A total of 6062 patients with critically ill HF were included in this retrospective cohort study, with 28-day mortality occurring in 1306 (21.54%) patients. The Kaplan Meier survival curve shows that the survival probabilities of different blood glucose trajectories from high to low are: class 1 > class 3 > class 2 > class 4, and there are significant inter class differences. COX regression confirms that the predictive ability of blood glucose trajectory classification for mortality in patients with critically ill HF is superior to the blood glucose coefficient of variation. Subgroup analysis further evaluated the consistency of the association between blood glucose latent trajectory classification and 28-day mortality in different patient characteristics. Dynamic blood glucose trajectories and variability indicators provide complementary information for predicting 28-day mortality in critically ill HF patients.

Background Exosomes (EXOs) derived from stem cells have become a potential new treatment for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, their impact is still not fully understood. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis to systematically review the efficacy of EXOs on AMI in preclinical animal models. Methods We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the Web of Science from September 1, 1980 to September 1, 2021, to retrieve the studies reporting the therapeutic effects of EXOs on AMI animal models. Secondary endpoints include the fractional shortening (FS), infarct size (IS), fibrosis area (FA), the TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 levels, the apoptosis rate and the number of autophagic vesicles. Two authors independently screened the articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. All statistical analyses were conducted using Stata14.0. Results Ten studies satisfied the inclusion criteria. Pooled analyses demonstrated that the levels of LVEF (WMD = 3.67%; 95% CI 2.28–5.07%; P  = 0.000), FS (WMD = 3.69%; 95% CI 2.06–5.33%; P  = 0.000), IS (WMD = −4.52%, 95% CI − 7.14 to − 1.9%; P  = 0.001), and FA (WMD = −7.04%, 95% CI − 8.74 to − 5.34%; P  = 0.000), TNF-α (WMD = −3.09, 95% CI − 5.47 to − 0.72; P  = 0.011), TL-6 (WMD = −6.34, 95% CI − 11.2 to − 1.49; P  < 0.01), TL-10 (WMD = 6.37, 95% CI 1.53–11.21; P  = 0.01), the apoptosis rate (WMD = −8.23, 95% CI − 15.29 to − 1.17; P  = 0.000), and the number of autophagic vesicles (WMD = −4.52, 95% CI − 7.43 to − 1.62; P  = 0.000). Subgroup analysis showed that the EXOs were derived from HMSCs. Subgroup analysis showed that the EXOs derived from HMSCs, and that exosome therapy immediately after myocardial infarction can better improve the LVEF. Conclusions: EXOs therapy has the potential to improve cardiac function, fibrogenesis, and inflammatory response, as well as reducing cell apoptosis and autophagy in preclinical AMI animal models. This can inform future human clinical trials of EXOs.

Evidence-based treatment for unresectable combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CCA) has not been established. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of interventional treatment combined with immunotargeted therapy (IIT) in unresectable cHCC-CCA patients. Patients with a histological diagnosis of unresectable cHCC-CCA who received IIT therapy from January 2019 to March 2024 were retrospectively enrolled. The study evaluated overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), tumor responses and safety. A total of 242 cHCC-CCA patients were screened and 51 patients were enrolled for analysis. The median follow-up duration was 15.8 months (95% CI: 12.0-19.7 months). The median OS was 17.8 months (95% CI: 12.4-23.2 months) and the median PFS was 8.9 months (95% CI: 5.8-12.0 months). For overall response, the objective response rate was 41.2% and 56.9% based on RECIST 1.1 and mRECIST, respectively. Patients with primary cHCC-CCA showed significantly prolonged OS (median OS: 21.4 months vs. 11.4 months, = 0.011) and PFS (median PFS: 9.5 months vs. 4.1 months, = 0.036) compared to those with recurrent cHCC-CCA. Patients with dominant HCC did not show significant differences for OS ( = 0.835) and PFS ( = 0.553) compared to those with dominant iCCA. Six patients (11.8%) experienced grade ≥3 adverse events, including leukopenia (n=1, 2.0%), neutropenia (n=1, 2.0%), thrombocytopenia (n=2, 3.9%), elevated alanine transaminase (ALT) (n=2, 3.9%), elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (n=2, 3.9%), hypoalbuminemia (n=2, 3.9%), and hyperbilirubinemia (n=1, 2.0%). Immunotherapy was discontinued for two patients due to grade ≥3 elevations in ALT and AST. The triple combination of interventional treatment, PD-(L)1 inhibitor, and targeted therapy is an effective and safe approach for unresectable cHCC-CCA patients.