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"Hull, Angela"
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Predictive Habitat Modelling as a Tool to Assess the Change in Distribution and Extent of an OSPAR Priority Habitat under an Increased Ocean Temperature Scenario: Consequences for Marine Protected Area Networks and Management
The aims of this study were to determine the extent and distribution of an OSPAR priority habitat under current baseline ocean temperatures; to illustrate the prospect for habitat loss under a changing ocean temperature scenario; and to demonstrate the potential application of predictive habitat mapping in \"future-proofing\" conservation and biodiversity management. Maxent modelling and GIS environmental envelope analysis of the biogenic bed forming species, Modiolus modiolus was carried out. The Maxent model was tested and validated using 75%/25% training/test occurrence records and validated against two sampling biases (the whole study area and a 20km buffer). The model was compared to the envelope analysis and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (Area Under the curve; AUC) was evaluated. The performance of the Maxent model was rated as 'good' to 'excellent' on all replicated runs and low variation in the runs was recorded from the AUC values. The extent of \"most suitable\", \"less suitable\" and \"unsuitable\" habitat was calculated for the baseline year (2009) and the projected increased ocean temperature scenarios (2030, 2050, 2080 and 2100). A loss of 100% of \"most suitable\" habitat was reported by 2080. Maintaining a suitable level of protection of marine habitats/species of conservation importance may require management of the decline and migration rather than maintenance of present extent. Methods applied in this study provide the initial application of a plausible \"conservation management tool\".
Journal Article
Accessibility instruments for planning practice
Although a large body of literature has been produced on the theoretical definitions and measurements of accessibility, the extent to which such indicators are used in planning practice is less clear. This research explores the gap between theory and application by seeking to understand what the new wave of accessibility instruments (AIs) prepared for spatial and transport planning practice purports to offer the users of AIs. Starting from the question of how urban and transport planners are designing AIs, the article analyzes and describes the AIs developed over the last decade (mainly in Europe), offering a structured overview and a clear categorization of how accessibility measures can be applied. The paper identifies AI characteristics, and considers their usability, based on AI developer perceptions.
Journal Article
Connectivity and Dispersal Patterns of Protected Biogenic Reefs: Implications for the Conservation of Modiolus modiolus (L.) in the Irish Sea
Biogenic reefs created by Modiolus modiolus (Linnaeus, 1758) (horse mussel reefs) are marine habitats which support high levels of species biodiversity and provide valuable ecosystem services. Currently, M. modiolus reefs are listed as a threatened and/or declining species and habitat in all OSPAR regions and thus are highlighted as a conservation priority under the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Determining patterns of larval dispersal and genetic connectivity of remaining horse mussel populations can inform management efforts and is a critical component of effective marine spatial planning (MSP). Larval dispersal patterns and genetic structure were determined for several M. modiolus bed populations in the Irish Sea including those in Wales (North Pen Llŷn), Isle of Man (Point of Ayre) and Northern Ireland (Ards Peninsula and Strangford Lough). Simulations of larval dispersal suggested extant connectivity between populations within the Irish Sea. Results from the genetic analysis carried out using newly developed microsatellite DNA markers were consistent with those of the biophysical model. Results indicated moderately significant differentiation between the Northern Ireland populations and those in the Isle of Man and Wales. Simulations of larval dispersal over a 30 day pelagic larval duration (PLD) suggest that connectivity over a spatial scale of 150km is possible between some source and sink populations. However, it appears unlikely that larvae from Northern Ireland will connect directly with sites on the Llŷn or Isle of Man. It also appears unlikely that larvae from the Llŷn connect directly to any of the other sites. Taken together the data establishes a baseline for underpinning management and conservation of these important and threatened marine habitats in the southern part of the known range.
Journal Article
Transport Matters
Addressing the principles of sustainability, spatial planning, integration, governance and accessibility of transport, this book focuses on the problem of providing efficient and low energy transport systems which serve the needs of everybody.
It explores many of the new arguments, ideas and perceptions of mobility and accessibility in city-regions. Looking at evidence from Denmark, Sweden, The Netherlands, Germany and the UK, it considers the meaning of the key concepts of sustainable accessibility, the spatial planning model, and integrated territorial policies.
Angela Hull is Professor of Spatial Planning at Heriot-Watt University and a former local authority town planner.
Preface 1. Time for Change? The Rationale for Low Energy Transport Provision 2. Understanding Current Patterns of Transport Behaviour in Europe 3. Sustainable Accessibility: New Wine in Old Bottles? 4. Institutional Structures for Low Energy Futures: Creating Integrated Approaches 5. Understanding the Institutional Barriers to Change 6. Intervention Instruments for Sustainable Transport Futures 7. Integrated Territorial Planning in Practice: Case Studies 8. Implementing a Sustainable Transport Package
eBook
Ontogenetic Variations in Cuticle Morphology in the Blue Crab Callinectes Sapidus Rathbun, 1896
Abstract
In an effort to use aspects of the cuticle as taxonomic characters in phylogenies of fossil and extant decapods, variation due to gender, growth, sample location on the carapace, and molt cycle must be understood so that taxonomically important characters can be identified. In this study, effects of sample location on the carapace and carapace size were examined. A series of male Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896, specimens from 2-6 cm in length were collected on the Rhode River of the Chesapeake Bay, MD, USA. To study the effects of sample location and carapace size on parameters of the cuticle, the cuticle was examined in thin section and on the surface of the dorsal carapace. The distributional density of setal pits and nodes and node size were measured on the surface. In thin section, thickness of the cuticle and construction of the nodes and setal pits was examined. Thickness of the cuticle, node size, and setal pit density increased during growth of the crab. Node density decreased with growth. Construction of nodes and setal pits remained constant in all specimens and sample locations. Morphometric parameters of the cuticle were consistent with previously reported growth rates of the carapace in C. sapidus. Differences in the rate of change for the cuticle metrics studied occurred at carapace sizes that are attained upon reaching sexual maturity. Growth rates of cuticular features provide context for comparison with similar data in other species. In addition, the change in growth rates of these features, if recognized in fossil crab populations, may allow the determination of population age structures and size at maturity.
Journal Article
Facilitating Structures for Neighbourhood Regeneration in the UK: The Contribution of the Housing Action Trusts
This paper revisits the data collected for the mid-term evaluation of the six Housing Action Trusts (HATs) to throw light on the theory of change embodied in this neighbourhood regeneration model. The analysis employs Ostrom's theoretical framework to understand the role that HAT residents played in the regeneration of their neighbourhoods and how specific structuring mechanisms helped to bring about change. The similarities and differences that have surfaced between the HATs and the New Deal for Community partnerships at their mid-point are compared. The analysis concludes that formal structures to empower residents are insufficient on their own and that empowerment comes through specific customised training for employment, decision-making rights and a culture of commitment from skilled support staff.
Journal Article
Ontogenetic Variations in Cuticle Morphology in the Blue Crab Callinectes sapidusRathbun, 1896
In an effort to use aspects of the cuticle as taxonomic characters in phylogenies of fossil and extant decapods, variation due to gender, growth, sample location on the carapace, and molt cycle must be understood so that taxonomically important characters can be identified. In this study, effects of sample location on the carapace and carapace size were examined. A series of male Callinectes sapidusRathbun, 1896, specimens from 2-6 cm in length were collected on the Rhode River of the Chesapeake Bay, MD, USA. To study the effects of sample location and carapace size on parameters of the cuticle, the cuticle was examined in thin section and on the surface of the dorsal carapace. The distributional density of setal pits and nodes and node size were measured on the surface. In thin section, thickness of the cuticle and construction of the nodes and setal pits was examined. Thickness of the cuticle, node size, and setal pit density increased during growth of the crab. Node density decreased with growth. Construction of nodes and setal pits remained constant in all specimens and sample locations. Morphometric parameters of the cuticle were consistent with previously reported growth rates of the carapace in C. sapidus. Differences in the rate of change for the cuticle metrics studied occurred at carapace sizes that are attained upon reaching sexual maturity. Growth rates of cuticular features provide context for comparison with similar data in other species. In addition, the change in growth rates of these features, if recognized in fossil crab populations, may allow the determination of population age structures and size at maturity.
Journal Article
Connectivity and Dispersal Patterns of Protected Biogenic Reefs: Implications for the Conservation of Modiolus modiolus (L.) in the Irish Sea: e0143337
Biogenic reefs created by Modiolus modiolus (Linnaeus, 1758) (horse mussel reefs) are marine habitats which support high levels of species biodiversity and provide valuable ecosystem services. Currently, M. modiolus reefs are listed as a threatened and/or declining species and habitat in all OSPAR regions and thus are highlighted as a conservation priority under the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Determining patterns of larval dispersal and genetic connectivity of remaining horse mussel populations can inform management efforts and is a critical component of effective marine spatial planning (MSP). Larval dispersal patterns and genetic structure were determined for several M. modiolus bed populations in the Irish Sea including those in Wales (North Pen Llyn), Isle of Man (Point of Ayre) and Northern Ireland (Ards Peninsula and Strangford Lough). Simulations of larval dispersal suggested extant connectivity between populations within the Irish Sea. Results from the genetic analysis carried out using newly developed microsatellite DNA markers were consistent with those of the biophysical model. Results indicated moderately significant differentiation between the Northern Ireland populations and those in the Isle of Man and Wales. Simulations of larval dispersal over a 30 day pelagic larval duration (PLD) suggest that connectivity over a spatial scale of 150km is possible between some source and sink populations. However, it appears unlikely that larvae from Northern Ireland will connect directly with sites on the Llyn or Isle of Man. It also appears unlikely that larvae from the Llyn connect directly to any of the other sites. Taken together the data establishes a baseline for underpinning management and conservation of these important and threatened marine habitats in the southern part of the known range.
Journal Article
