Explore the vast range of titles available.

Several studies addressing the inoculation of cereals with diazotrophic microorganisms can be found in the literature. However, in many experiments, investigators have overlooked the feasibility of applying these microorganisms to the furrow together with the seed, and the effect of bacterial concentration on phytostimulation. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of doses of an inoculant based on Azospirillum brasilense, applied to the seed furrow when planting maize, combined with different doses of nitrogen fertiliser. The experiment was carried out in the field, in soil of the cerrado region of Brazil. An experimental design of randomised blocks in bands was adopted, comprising nitrogen (40, 100, 200 and 300 kg ha-1) and doses of an A. brasilense-based liquid inoculant applied to the seed furrow (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mL ha-1). The dose of 200 mL ha-1 Azospirillum was noteworthy for grain production. This is the first report of the effective application of Azospirillum in the seed furrow when planting maize in the cerrado region of Brazil.

(Did X boast from vanity, or did he make an accurate assessment of his skills?) Is correctness in second-natural judgments simply a matter of luck? II The form of our apprehension of second nature in action is nicely captured in Aristotle's formula houtos ekeinos (this person is so-and-so) (Poetics, 1448b). [...]to realize or discover (or, in some sense, to see) that a person is this way or that way (e.g., spiteful, or generous, or greedy, or a good son)—to see it in her actions, that is—is like seeing a rabbit where there used to be a duck. [...]natural adversative judgments are in fact instrumental to how we interpret and relate to one another. [...]there is a distinction, no doubt, between aspectual indifference and what Wittgenstein calls \"aspectual blindness.\"

A wide range of research has promised new tools for forecasting infectious disease dynamics, but little of that research is currently being applied in practice, because tools do not address key public health needs, do not produce probabilistic forecasts, have not been evaluated on external data, or do not provide sufficient forecast skill to be useful. We developed an open collaborative forecasting challenge to assess probabilistic forecasts for seasonal epidemics of dengue, a major global public health problem. Sixteen teams used a variety of methods and data to generate forecasts for 3 epidemiological targets (peak incidence, the week of the peak, and total incidence) over 8 dengue seasons in Iquitos, Peru and San Juan, Puerto Rico. Forecast skill was highly variable across teams and targets. While numerous forecasts showed high skill for midseason situational awareness, early season skill was low, and skill was generally lowest for high incidence seasons, those for which forecasts would be most valuable. A comparison of modeling approaches revealed that average forecast skill was lower for models including biologically meaningful data and mechanisms and that both multimodel and multiteam ensemble forecasts consistently outperformed individual model forecasts. Leveraging these insights, data, and the forecasting framework will be critical to improve forecast skill and the application of forecasts in real time for epidemic preparedness and response. Moreover, key components of this project—integration with public health needs, a common forecasting framework, shared and standardized data, and open participation—can help advance infectious disease forecasting beyond dengue.

RESUMO O nitrogênio (N) é um macronutriente que aumenta a produção de grãos na cultura do milho e o seu manejo adequado torna-se indispensável como proposta de uma agricultura sustentável, incluindo o uso de fontes alternativas como bactérias fixadoras de N2. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar a resposta morfofisiológica de plantas de milho e a atividade de enzimas no solo (urease e fosfatase) decorrente da adubação N mineral e da inoculação com Azospirillum brasilense. Dois ensaios foram realizados em condições de casa de vegetação com solo de cerrado. O delineamento estatístico adotado foi o de blocos ao acaso com os tratamentos distribuídos em esquema fatorial 3 x 3, sendo o primeiro fator correspondente a doses de N (0; 100 e 200 kg ha-1) e o segundo, a doses de um inoculante líquido à base de A. brasilense aplicado via sementes (0; 100 e 200 mL ha-1). Ao final desse experimento, outro ensaio foi realizado para verificar o possível efeito residual da inoculação e da adubação nitrogenada. A adição de fertilizantes nitrogenados promoveu maior desenvolvimento das plantas de milho, elevou os teores de clorofila e de nutrientes. Houve aumento da atividade das enzimas relacionadas à disponibilização de amônio e fósforo inorgânico na rizosfera. Além disso, o nitrogênio apresentou efeito residual no desenvolvimento das plantas na semeadura subsequente. A dose de 200 mL ha-1 de A. brasilense associada à dose de 200 kg ha-1 de N aumentou a resposta fisiológica da cultura.

The main goal of this study was to assess the nature and magnitude of gene effects for resistance to Cercospora leaf spot. A randomized block design with three replications was used. The data were obtained at the plant level by assessing the disease severity. The data were analyzed per experiment, using the average data per plot. A dominant-additive genetic model without epistasis was considered, with estimation of the components of means and variance. The genetic control of resistance to gray leaf spot is polygenic with predominance of the additive effects. Dominance was observed in a few small-effect loci and high heritability values. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a natureza e a magnitude dos efeitos gênicos da resistência à Cercosporiose. Foi utilizado o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. A avaliação da resistência foi realizada utilizando escala diagramática com notas. Os dados obtidos foram analisados por experimento, utilizando-se médias de parcela. Foi considerado um modelo aditivo-dominante sem epistasia, com a estimação dos componentes de média e de variância. O controle genético da resistência à Cercosporiose é poligênico, com predominância dos efeitos aditivos, com dominância em poucos locos de pequeno efeito e alta herdabilidade, condição essa favorável à seleção.

Fernando Pessoa is known to have been many authors. Each had a name, but these were not pseudonyms. Rather, they areheteronyms, as he explains in an oft-quoted autobiographical blurb requested bypresençamagazine.¹ Only so neurotic a namer as Pessoa could have possibly come up with the difference between these concepts, which is basically a distinction about how names are used. Whereas pseudonyms are optional labels for one and the same person, as it were, a heteronym is the given name of a person who simply never had a body. A heteronym is the proper kind of namesake, that

Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de fungicida, no controle da Cercosporiose e da Mancha-Branca do milho, e suas consequências na produtividade de grãos e na incidência de grãos ardidos, além de estabelecer a relação existente entre a produtividade de grãos e a severidade dessas doenças. Dois experimentos distintos (com Azoxystrobina + Cyproconazole e tratamento controle) foram conduzidos em três locais, no ano agrícola de 2007/2008. Utilizaram-se 12 híbridos comerciais de milho, que foram avaliados em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com três repetições. Foram realizadas cinco avaliações da severidade das doenças Cercosporiose e Mancha-Branca, por meio de escala de notas, variando de 1 (altamente resistente) a 9 (altamente susceptível). Estimou-se a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD). A aplicação de fungicida é eficiente no controle de doenças foliares e na redução da incidência de grãos ardidos, além de proporcionar 12% de aumento na produtividade de grãos, em relação à do tratamento controle. As doenças foliares Cercosporiose e Mancha-Branca reduzem a produtividade de grãos de milho e essa redução é maior quando as doenças ocorrem mais precocemente. A Cercosporiose provoca maior redução na produtividade de grãos, quando comparada com a Mancha-Branca.

Fernando Pessoa is known to have been many authors. Each had a name, but these were not pseudonyms. Rather, they are heteronyms, as he explains in an oft-quoted autobiographical blurb requested by presença magazine.1 Only so neurotic a namer as Pessoa could have possibly come up with the difference between these concepts, which is basically a distinction about how names are used. Whereas pseudonyms are optional labels for one and the same person, as it were, a heteronym is the given name of a person who simply never had a body. A heteronym is the proper kind of namesake, that is to say, for one who, despite his or her bodily non-existence, is yet a “complete individuality” (“Tábua Bibliográfica” 404). In a word, a soul, as Pessoa occasionally puts it (The Book of Disquiet).There were at least three such souls, with the heteronyms “Ricardo Reis,” ‘Álvaro de Campos,” and “Alberto Caeiro,” and the debate goes on over which, if any, of his other 70 some noms de plume would deserve such a label. Must not a soul have a body, one might ask? To believe Pessoa, perhaps it need not have a body to be real. Whether those “individualities are more or less real than Fernando Pessoa himself – that is a metaphysical question” that he “will never possibly solve”:The works of these three poets constitute […] a dramatic set; and the interaction between their personalities, as well as their own personal relationships, were duly studied. All of it will be available in biographies so far unwritten, which upon their publication will be accompanied by horoscopes, and perhaps photographs. It is a drama in people, instead of acts. (Whether these three individualities are more or less real than Fernando Pessoa himself – that is a metaphysical question that he … not knowing what reality is, will never possibly solve). (“Tábua Bibliográfica” 405)However humorous, the promise of horoscopes and “perhaps” photographs befits Pessoa's bizarre hylomorphism. Here as elsewhere, we are given the idea that one's regret that P does not have a material body can only be entertained if P is a completely individual soul, one that merits a heteronym, say. Only a full soul can actually count as a disembodied one.