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The Khabib Nurmagomedov versus Conor McGregor Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) 229 battle was among the most controversial mixed martial art fights of the past decade. In this study, the author examines how the various popular media outlets from the Eastern and Western world portrayed Khabib Nurmagomedov after UFC 229. The author used Huntington’s clash of civilization thesis by grounding it in the Orientalism and Occidentalism paradigms to examine the phenomenon. Fairclough’s model for critical discourse analysis was employed to investigate the various Western and Eastern popular press and digital media platforms (i.e., newspapers, blogs, and sporting news websites). The author analyzed 57 (Western n = 38, Eastern n = 19) media reports per the inclusion criteria. The study results unveiled conflicting predispositions present in the Western and Eastern media for Khabib Nurmagomedov. This study contributes to the limited knowledge of how a Muslim man athlete with diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds is portrayed contrarily by some Western and Eastern media outlets. Finally, the author discusses the theoretical implications of the study.

In the extant scholarship, researchers have claimed that malicious envy has a significant relationship with workplace deviance. Nevertheless, there remains a dearth of scholarship detailing how employees can display workplace deviance in an organizational context without being caught. This study aims to examine an association between dispositional malicious envy and workplace deviance, mediated by divergent thinking through the lens of social comparison theory. Data was collected via a cross-sectional survey from employees (N = 363) working in Pakistan’s banking and telecom sector. The study results reveal that dispositional malicious envy can lead to workplace deviance via the divergent thinking mediation effect. This study adds to the limited scholarship about how dispositional malicious envy relates to workplace deviance in the organizational setting, particularly when employees make lateral comparisons.

While both the prevailing media discourse and extant scholarship commonly posit that the religious beliefs of Muslim women may inhibit their inclination towards physical activities, a fresh wave of critical scholarship has proposed an alternative narrative. The emergent critical perspective posits that Muslim women might extract from their religious beliefs the catalyst for their involvement in physical activity. This research aimed to explore these possibilities in greater depth by employing the social identity theory perspective. In Study 1, the authors collected data from Muslim women (N = 177) living in the US. Results indicate that religious identity was positively associated with physical activity intentions (β = 4.746, p = .010), and this relationship was bolstered among Muslim women with high levels of health consciousness (moderator) (β = 2.826, p < .001). In Study 2, the authors collected data from Muslim women (N = 322) from 34 different countries to explore the intersection of the interplay between the individual and their sociocultural milieu. Again, religious identity was positively associated with self-reported physical activity (β = 7.344, p < .001). This study contributes to the limited knowledge concerning the relationship between religious identity and physical activity participation among Muslim women.

Objective: To assess the eating habits, lifestyle and physical activity and their impact on health of students of Faisalabad Medical University (FMU) Faisalabad Pakistan. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was prepared on 328 medical and dental students at Faisalabad Medical University from June, 2022 to October, 2022. Three Factor Eating Questionnaire Revised 21 (TFEQ-R21) was used to assess the eating habits among medical students and physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short version. A self-constructed questionnaire was used to assess lifestyle patterns. Results: According to the study, 191(58.2%) students out of 328 practiced unrestricted eating. While 229(69.8%) students demonstrated cognitive restraint and 128(39%) students indulged in emotional eating. Less than half of the students, 52(15.9%) lead unhealthy lifestyles compared to 276(84.1%) who had healthy habits. Out of 328 students, 104 (31.7%) engaged in low, 137(41.8%) in moderate, and 87(26.5%) in high levels of physical activity. Whereas a higher proportion of female students engaged in low to moderate physical activity (61.5% and 52.6%, respectively), while a higher proportion of male students (63.2%) were involved in intense physical activity. Conclusions: A large proportion of medical students exhibited poor dietary habits with low physical activity. Obesity and other metabolic diseases are more likely to strike medical students who engage in these unhealthy eating habits. As future health providers, health interventions must be implemented to avert future harm. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.3.7323 How to cite this: Zuhair HMU, Fatima K, Hussain U, Ayub A. Assessment of eating habits, lifestyle and physical activity among medical and dental students of Faisalabad Medical University. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(3):---. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.3.7323 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

The surface engineering technique evolved, making it easier to protect steel from harsh and corrosive environments. Corrosion is an enduring problem for steel that cannot be completely eliminated but can be reduced to the bare minimum. Traditional methods like galvanization and painting still exist, but hydrophobic coatings are efficient and mostly used to protect the steel from deterioration. In this work we have used nano composite hydrophobic coatings among Zn (galvanized), ZnO, and Zn/ZnO on steel samples to enhance efficiency and effectiveness in reducing corrosion rate. Electrodeposition techniques are used to incorporate the coating deposits. Spark emission spectroscopy and x-ray Fluorescence elemental analysis shows the composition of bare and galvanized steel. The x-ray Diffraction analysis (XRD) analysis proved that Zn/ZnO phases are present in coatings. The results of scratch test revealed that the bond strength increased in the hydro-Zn/ZnO-coated samples as compared to the Zn or Zn/ZnO-coated samples. Furthermore, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed the formation of a new layer on the substrate’s surface, causing it to become rough and exhibiting growing nanostructure properties. The contact angle test proves the hydrophobic nature of composite coatings on the steel samples. The STA Zn/ZnO, coating shows the super hydrophobicity with the lowest corrosion rate, at 0.04 mm/area.

This case report highlights a concerning and complex case of a middle-aged female presenting with severe malabsorption, diarrhea, and subsequent malnutrition. The patient's weight dramatically dropped from 85 lbs to 50 lbs over the course of two to four months. The medical history included ongoing pancreatitis, esophageal ulcers, and previous surgeries for a dermoid cyst in the brain and cervical neoplasia. Upon admission to the hospital, the patient received total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on the first day, but this led to delirium due to refeeding syndrome. Refeeding syndrome is a well-known condition that can occur when malnourished individuals receive too much nutrition too quickly, causing metabolic imbalances and potentially serious complications. Subsequently, during the second hospitalization, the patient did not receive TPN but was instead administered 5% dextrose with 20 mEq of potassium chloride (KCl). Unfortunately, her condition worsened, leading to multiorgan failure. During the third hospitalization, TPN was reintroduced under consultation and hospitalist evaluation, and the patient's symptoms improved.Overall, this case report outlines a complex case with multiple medical issues, including severe malnutrition, which required careful management and consideration of the patient's unique needs. It underscores the importance of cautious nutritional support for severely malnourished individuals to avoid complications such as refeeding syndrome. The case also emphasizes the value of interdisciplinary collaboration and continuous monitoring to achieve successful outcomes in such complex situations.

PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between food sponsorships and gender stereotypes, focusing on how patriarchal beliefs influence consumers’ purchase intentions in sports.Design/methodology/approachThe research comprised two studies. In Study 1, n = 161 participants participated via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk platform. Study 2 involved n = 250 participants who completed a cross-sectional and self-administered survey.FindingsStudy 1 indicated an apparent gender-based categorization of certain foods and beverages: beer and red meat were predominantly perceived as masculine, while yogurt, salads, and wine were seen as feminine. Further, brands like Budweiser and Red Bull were mainly seen as masculine, while Chobani and Smoothie King were perceived as feminine. Moreover, findings indicate that foods, especially those rich in protein or linked to BBQ and spicy tastes, are considered more masculine by men than women in sports settings. Further, Study 2 findings unveiled a significant relationship between patriarchal beliefs and both attitudes (ß = 0.327, p < 0.01) and subjective norms (ß = 0.525, p < 0.01) towards masculine brands.Originality/valueThe two studies’ results underscore the profound impact of gender stereotypes shaping sports fans’ perceptions of food items and the brands sponsoring them. This inquiry significantly augments the current understanding of the nuanced interrelation between the paradigms of social role theory and the theory of planned behavior, particularly within the ambit of sports-related sponsorship by food and beverage brands and its consequent influence on consumer purchasing inclinations.

Soil contaminated with heavy metals cause serious threat to the soil quality, biota, and human. The removal or stabilization of heavy metals through plants is an environment friendly approach. The aim of study was to assess the potential of Celosia argentea L. for the phytoremediation of heavy metals contaminated soil. Soil was spiked with different levels (0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg) of chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and Zn (Zn). Experiment was carried out in greenhouse and impact of heavy metals was evaluated on plant by assessing the germination rate and plant growth. To evaluate either plant has potential to extract/stabilize the heavy metals, concentration in roots and shoot, translocation factor (TF), bioconcentration factor (BCF), and bioaccumulation factor (BAF) were determined. Application of heavy metals significantly affected the germination rate and minimum (26.6%) was observed in Cr spiked soil (400 mg/kg). Moreover, the biomass of C. argentea was also affected by the application of heavy metals. However, the concentration of heavy metals in roots and shoots were low. The BCF and BAF of C. argentea was lower than 1 except at lower levels of Pb and Zn, but the TF was greater than 1. The TF showed that plants have capability to transfer heavy metals to shoots once they are taken up by roots. However, based on the BCF and concentrations of heavy metals in shoots, it is evident that plant could play important role in the phytostabilization of heavy metals polluted soil.

Muslim women’s engagement in sporting activities, both as sport consumers and participants, remains low. The purpose of this research was to investigate the means through which Muslim women’s sport inclusion as both participants and consumers can be enhanced. To achieve this purpose, I conducted three studies. The aim of Study 1 was to examine how traditional sports that are less well-known outside the Indian subcontinent offer opportunities for marginalized Pakistani women from Southern Punjab to participate in physical activities. Following a phenomenological approach, I conducted 16 semi-structured interviews with Kho-Kho and Kabaddi women athletes from underrepresented groups in Pakistan. Elo and Kyngäs’ (2008) three-phase content analysis process (preparation, organization, and reporting) was used to examine the interview data. The study results unveiled that participants feel constrained by the systematic masculine hegemonic culture institutionalized by Pakistani society and the Western sporting paradigm. However, the participants reported a sense of liberation and security via traditional sports (Kho-Kho and Kabaddi). The results highlight that sport managers should focus on using traditional sports to empower Muslim women in various indigenous societies rather than promoting the Western sporting paradigm. This study contributes to the limited knowledge about women’s participation in traditional sports beyond the Western world. In order to explore how Muslim women’s sport consumption can be improved, I conducted two studies (Study 2 and Study 3).The purpose of Study 2 was to understand the motives and lived experiences of women consuming eSports in Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan, by grounding the phenomenon in Uses and Gratification Theory (Blumler, 1979; Lazarsfeld, 1940). I collected data via observations of eSports video games and in-depth interviews of 9 participants. Participants revealed that they use eSports as a means for an oppositional agency and personal freedom from the patriarchal system. The findings also suggest that participants are facing systematic marginalization and grave intrusion of post-colonization. The study results elucidate that eSports can be a means for providing Muslim women an oppositional agency against the normative system. Overall, Study 2 contributes to the limited scholarship concerning Indian subcontinent women’s eSports consumption.Lastly, the purpose of Study 3 was to explore the predictors of Muslim women’s pro-sport Hijab purchase intention through the lens of the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1991). Following Ajzen’s (2019) recommendations, I collected data from Muslim women by using a mixed-method study approach: Study 3.1 (n = 23), Study 3.2 (n = 282), and Study 3.3 (n = 347). The study results showed that Muslim women’s pro-sport Hijab purchase intention is profoundly influenced by subjective norms (β = .578) and their attitude (β = .187). In addition, subjective norms of Muslim women are shaped by their unique injunctive and descriptive normative beliefs. On the other hand, their attitude towards pro-Sport Hijab is dependent upon their distinctive behavioral beliefs. Overall, Study 3 contributes to the limited knowledge about Muslim women’s purchase intention of sporting products targeting their religious beliefs. I discuss the practical and theoretical implications of all three studies.

During the 1970s, the US government started becoming increasingly wary of the dangers of nuclear proliferation. The absence of a well-functioning international regime of non-proliferation compounded the United States’ fears of a world in which multiple nations outside their sphere of influence could acquire nuclear weapons. In this thesis, I explore the cases of two South Asian nations, India and Pakistan. The Indian peaceful nuclear explosion of 1974 was the result of a relatively low priority given to non-proliferation by the US. It took the US and the world by surprise and India’s accession to the ranks of the nuclear powers led to a rethinking of US nuclear non-proliferation policy. India’s 1974 explosion also paved the way for the acceleration of Pakistan’s nuclear weapons programme. Pakistan’s nuclear policy was shaped out of a perceived existential threat and possibility of nuclear blackmail that it faced from India. After several failed attempts to secure security guarantees from the US, Pakistan disregarded the international non-proliferation regime to try to maintain parity with India. The US government’s decision not to commit itself fully to Pakistan’s security was what ended up undercutting its broader non-proliferation goals by making it seem an unreliable ally to Pakistan.