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"Hussein, Fatima"
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An Evaluation of Extended-Spectrum and CMY-2-Type Ampc Β-Lactamase-Producing Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolates in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Babylon Province, Iraq
Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) have become a serious epidemiological threat due to the emergence of β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolates, which complicate the treatment and control of severe infections. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and CMY-2-type plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC) AmpC β-lactamase-producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli (pUPEC) isolates, and to identify the predominant phylogenetic group among these isolates. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 150 uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) isolates with reduced susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporins (3GCs) and cephamycin were collected from a tertiary care hospital in Babylon province, Iraq, between November 2022 and March 2023. One hundred isolates exhibiting ESBL and/or AmpC phenotypes were selected for molecular analysis. Results: Genotypic characterization of ESBL and CMY-2-type AmpC β-lactamase-encoding genes revealed that 92% of the isolates carried β-lactamase genes. Among them, CTX-M was the most common genotype (76%), with CTX-M-15 being the most prevalent variant, followed by TEM (75%), SHV (73%), and CMY-2 (60%). Phylogenetic analysis showed that the extraintestinal group B2 (91.3%) was the most prevalent among the isolates, followed by group D (6.5%), which is also associated with extraintestinal infections. Conclusions: The high prevalence of ESBL/CMY-2-type pUPEC isolates associated with virulent extraintestinal infections underscores the urgent need for ongoing surveillance and the implementation of appropriate guidelines in public healthcare settings. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report the presence of CMY-2-type AmpC β-lactamase-producing pUPEC isolates in Iraq.
Journal Article
Synthesis and Spectral Identification of Three Schiff Bases with a 2-(Piperazin-1-yl)-N-(thiophen-2-yl methylene)ethanamine Moiety Acting as Novel Pancreatic Lipase Inhibitors: Thermal, DFT, Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Molecular Docking Investigations
Three new tetradentate NNNS Schiff bases (L1–L3) derived from 2-(piperidin-4-yl)ethanamine were prepared in high yields. UV–Visible and FTIR spectroscopy were used to monitor the dehydration reaction between 2-(piperidin-4-yl)ethanamine and the corresponding aldehydes. Structures of the derived Schiff bases were deduced by 1H and 13C NMR, FTIR, UV–Vis, MS, EA, EDS, and TG-derived physical measurements. DFT/B3LYP theoretical calculations for optimization, TD-DFT, frequency, Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP), and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) / were performed for L2. The in vitro antimicrobial activities of the three Schiff bases were evaluated against several types of bacteria by disk diffusion test using Gentamicin as the standard antibiotic. Schiff bases revealed good antioxidant activity by the DPPH method, and the IC50 values were compared to the Trolox standard. Pancreatic porcine lipase inhibition assay of the synthesized compounds revealed promising activity as compared to the Orlistat reference.
Journal Article
Association between gene polymorphism of TLR2 and serum level of it in atopic dermatitis in Al-Najaf Governorate, Iraq
The purpose of this study was to investigate the polymorphism of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in patients with atopic dermatitis using the T-ARMS-PCR technology. The levels of TLR2 in the serum of these patients were then determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent test (ELISA). For a period of 16 months, from 1/5/2022 to 1/8/2023, The 100 samples in this study were divided into two groups: the patients (70), whose clinical diagnosis of atopic dermatitis (AD) is confirmed by dermatologists, and the control groups (30), whose immunological and biochemical analyses confirmed their status. Patients and controls were arranged according to age and gender, with age groups further divided into five categories: 1-7, 7-16, 16-33, 33-45, and >45 years, about 70 out of 100 AD samples have TLR2 gene polymorphisms in CC, TT, and TC, and serum TLR2 levels were greater in patients than in controls (p-value=0.029*). In conclusion, atopi dermatitis may be caused by a gene polymorphism in TLR2 in (CC, TT, and TC). Additionally, immunological analysis revealed that AD patients had higher serum levels of TLR2 than did healthy individuals.
Journal Article
Phytochemical composition and antidiabetic, anti-obesity, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities of Carthamus tinctorius seed oil
Carthamus tinctorius
L. (Safflower) is widely used in traditional Japanese, Korean, Chinese, Arabian, and Persian herbal medicine to treat metabolic diseases. This study aimed to characterize
C. tinctorius
seed oil components and estimate its inhibitory effects on free radicals, porcine pancreatic lipase, α-amylase, and cytotoxic. To describe the phytochemical components of
C. tinctorius
seed oil, the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) technique was performed, while reference biochemical analytical assays were utilized for biological testing. The results showed that seven fatty acids accounting for 100% of the total oil were identified, and the major fatty acid was linoleic acid (79.98 ± 0.79%), followed by oleic (11.20 ± 0.21%) and palmitic (5.71 ± 0.12%) acids. The biological tests revealed that
C. tinctorius
seed oil has potent inhibitory effects on free radicals, porcine pancreatic lipase, and α-amylase, with IC
50
values of 13.18 ± 0.07, 43.6 ± 0.09 and 31.62 ± 0.65 μg/ml, respectively, in comparison with positive controls commercial drugs Trolox, Orlistat, and Acarbose, which have IC
50
values of 4.1 ± 0.57, 12.88 ± 0.94, and 28.18 ± 1.22 μg/ml, respectively.
C. tinctorius
oil showed potential cytotoxic effects against tested cancer cells lines with a concentration-dependent effect on cancer cell viability. Given these findings, it is clear that
C. tinctorius
oil exhibits potent DPPH free radicals, antilipase, porcine pancreatic α-amylase inhibitory, and cytotoxic properties in comparison to the positive controls. Future in vivo research on
C. tinctorius
seed oil is warranted to elucidate the oil’s mechanism of action and to decipher the molecular pathways involved in its anti-obesity, antidiabetic, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities.
Journal Article
Total phenolic contents, cytotoxic, free radicals, porcine pancreatic α-amylase, and lipase suppressant activities of Artemisia dracunculus plant from Palestine
Artemisia dracunculus: L. ( A. dracunculus ) is a popular vegetable and spice cultivated across many Middle Eastern countries. The herb’s aqueous extract has significant folkloric medicinal importance for treating various disorders. Hence, the present investigation aimed to investigate A. dracunculus hydrophilic extract phytochemical constituents and pleiotropic biological potentials, as no previous studies have investigated the antilipase and anti-α-amylase effects of the A. dracunculus plant. Total phenol content and phytochemical screening assays were performed utilizing standard analytical methods. While the α-amylase inhibition, free radical-scavenging, antilipase, and cytotoxic activities were determined using dinitrosalicylic acid (DNSA), DPPH, p-nitrophenyl butyrate (PNPB), and MTS assays, respectively. The standard phytochemical analysis of A. dracunculus aqueous extract shows that this extract contains only a phenolic group. The total phenol content was 0.146 ± 0.012 mg GAE/g of the plant dry extract. The A. dracunculus aqueous extract exhibited potent DPPH free radical inhibitory (IC 50 dose of 10.71 ± 0.01 μg/mL) and anti-lipase activities (IC 50 dose of 60.25 ± 0.33 μg/mL) compared with Trolox (IC 50 = 5.7 ± 0.92 μg/mL) and Orlistat (IC 50 = 12.3 ± 0.35 μg/mL), respectively. However, it showed a weak anti-α-amylase effect (IC 50 value > 1,000 μg/mL) compared with Acarbose (IC 50 = 28.18 ± 1.27 μg/mL). A. dracunculus has a cytotoxic effect against the HeLa cancer cell line compared with the chemotherapeutic agent Doxorubicin. The extract has the same percent of inhibition as Doxorubicin (99.9%) at 10 mg/mL. Overall, these results pointed out for the first time the importance of considering A. dracunculus effects as a favorite candidate for preventing and treating metabolic disorders. Also, our results confirm the findings of previous reports on the role of A. dracunculus in the management of cancer and disorders resulting from the accumulation of harmful free radicals. On the contrary, the current study concluded that the antidiabetic role of A. dracunculus could be minimal. Further in-depth investigations are urgently warranted to explore the importance of A. dracunculus in pharmaceutical production.
Journal Article
Investigating allergic rhinitis effects on laryngopharyngeal reflux in Sudanese people during the Sudanese armed conflict
Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) involves the reflux of stomach contents into the upper aerodigestive tract and is often linked to allergic rhinitis (AR), an inflammatory nasal condition. This study investigates the potential association between AR and LPR in Sudanese adults, focusing on individuals with asthma. Analytical, community based cross-sectional study was conducted online (June 11–July 21, 2024) using convenient sampling, which included Sudanese adults aged 18 and older. Validated Arabic versions of the Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) and the Score for Allergic Rhinitis (SFAR) assessed LPR and AR, respectively. Data analysis using SPSS version 26 utilized statistical tests, including univariate analysis and logistic regression, to explore associations. Among our 1,195 participants, a strong positive correlation was found between RSI and SFAR scores (
r
= 0.595,
p
< 0.001). Participants with AR were six times more likely to have LPR symptoms (OR = 5.956,
p
< 0.001). Females and younger adults reported higher rates of both conditions, with family history of allergies, nasal symptoms, and environmental allergen exposure significantly associated with LPR. Asthma, though present in a small subset, did not significantly alter the AR-LPR association. The study highlights a strong association between AR and LPR, particularly in females and younger adults, emphasizing the need for integrated management. Future research should explore asthma’s role in larger cohorts and utilize objective diagnostic tools to establish causality. The findings also stress the importance of increased funding for biomedical research in resource-limited settings like Sudan.
Journal Article
Rare DMD Gene Duplication in a Lebanese Child With Duchene Muscular Dystrophy
A five‐year‐old boy with clinical features of Duchenne muscular dystrophy was found to have a rare de novo DMD exon 2–9 duplication. Reporting such atypical duplications improves genotype–phenotype interpretation and highlights the need for multidisciplinary care, particularly in resource‐limited settings.
Journal Article
The role of filaggrin gene (FLG) in patients with atopic dermatitis in Al-Najaf Governorate, Iraq
This study sought to detect the role of filaggrin gene (FLG ) in patients which play a role in the disease or development of atopic dermatitis. for a period of 16 months, from 1/5/2022 to 1/8/2023, the (100) samples in this study were divided into two groups: the patients (70), whose clinical diagnosis of atopic dermatitis (AD) is confirmed by dermatologists, and the control groups (30), whose immunological and biochemical analyses confirmed their status. Patients and controls were arranged according to age and gender, with age groups further divided into five categories: 1-7, 7-16, 16-33, 33-45, and >45 years. The samples were analyzed by DNA sequencing for filaggrin gene. The results showed the filaggrin gene there were no significant difference between ,patients and healthy groups at (Pvalue =0.081) and there were no significant difference between male and female (P-value =0.143) and Highly significant difference at (P-value ≤0.001) Genetic sequencing of the FLG gene was observed with three genotypes (CC, CT, and TT).
Journal Article