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By addressing these and other intriguing questions, Kevin Hutchings highlights significant intersections between Green Romanticism and colonial politics, demonstrating how contemporary understandings of animality, climate, and habitat informed literary and cross-cultural debates about race, slavery, colonialism, and nature in the British Atlantic world. Revealing an innovative dialogue between British, African, and Native American writers of the Romantic period, this book will be of interest to anyone wishing to consider the interconnected histories of transatlantic colonial relations and environmental thought.

By addressing these and other intriguing questions, Kevin Hutchings highlights significant intersections between Green Romanticism and colonial politics, demonstrating how contemporary understandings of animality, climate, and habitat informed literary and cross-cultural debates about race, slavery, colonialism, and nature in the British Atlantic world. Revealing an innovative dialogue between British, African, and Native American writers of the Romantic period, this book will be of interest to anyone wishing to consider the interconnected histories of transatlantic colonial relations and environmental thought.

IntroductionEndoscopic stenting has been shown to be effective in treating leaks after bariatric surgery. However, concerns remain regarding its long-term efficacy. The purpose of this study was to assess the evolution of endoscopic stenting and its efficacy over time, as well as the impact of stent fixation on migration rates and long-term outcomes. In addition, the effect of stenting on long-term weight loss and chronic reflux was also evaluated.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted including 37 patients from 2005 to 2017 who had undergone placement of stents after various bariatric procedures. Stents were placed endoscopically and, after 2012, secured with a figure-of-eight overstitch. Demographics, weight loss data, stent migration rates, incidence of revision surgery, chronic PPI use, and chronic symptoms of reflux data were obtained and analyzed.ResultsThirty-seven patients from 2005 to 2017 required endoscopic stenting for leaks. 43.24% patients underwent sleeve gastrectomy, 40.54% gastric bypass, 5.40% patients underwent duodenal switch, and 10.81% underwent miscellaneous foregut procedures. The overall success rate was 94.59% (35 of 37 patients). The incidence of stent migration before 2012 was 41.18% versus 15% after 2012 (p = 0.136271). There were 2 treatment failures, one treated successfully with re-stenting and another other requiring revision surgery. Overall, the percent of excess body weight lost was 57.21% over an average of 21 months. 58.82% of patients used PPI chronically; however 41.17% noted actual symptoms of reflux. 16.22% (6 of 37) patients ultimately underwent revision surgery.ConclusionEndoscopic stenting is a safe and effective treatment for leaks after bariatric surgery. While complications can include stent migration, newer stent technology and endoscopic overstitching techniques show promise in reducing the incidence of stent migration. Despite undergoing treatment with stenting, these patients had successful weight loss with relatively low rates of chronic PPI use and reflux symptoms.

How did the arguments developed in the debate to abolish the slave trade help to construct a British national identity and character in the late eighteenth century? Srividhya Swaminathan examines books, pamphlets, and literary works to trace the changes in rhetorical strategies utilized by both sides of the abolitionist debate. Framing them as competing narratives engaged in defining the nature of the Briton, Swaminathan reads the arguments of pro- and anti-abolitionists as a series of dialogues among diverse groups at the center and peripheries of the empire. Arguing that neither side emerged triumphant, Swaminathan suggests that the Briton who emerged from these debates represented a synthesis of arguments, and that the debates to abolish the slave trade are marked by rhetorical transformations defining the image of the Briton as one that led naturally to nineteenth-century imperialism and a sense of global superiority. Because the slave-trade debates were waged openly in print rather than behind the closed doors of Parliament, they exerted a singular influence on the British public. At their height, between 1788 and 1793, publications numbered in the hundreds, spanned every genre, and circulated throughout the empire. Among the voices represented are writers from both sides of the Atlantic in dialogue with one another, such as key African authors like Ignatius Sancho, Phillis Wheatley, and Olaudah Equiano; West India planters and merchants; and Quaker activist Anthony Benezet. Throughout, Swaminathan offers fresh and nuanced readings that eschew the view that the abolition of the slave trade was inevitable or that the ultimate defeat of pro-slavery advocates was absolute.

Sir Francis Bond Head (1793-1875) was a respected man of letters and the Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada from January 1836 until March 1838. During that time he proposed to remove local Anishinaabeg peoples from their traditional territories in presentday southern Ontario and relocate them to Manitoulin Island. This article explores how Head used Romantic notions that exalted primitivism and the \"noble savage\" to justify this plan. In so doing it clarifies the relationship between European Romantic theory and Canadian colonial practice in the early nineteenth century. A careful analysis of Head's Indian policy reveals that many Romantic perceptions of Aboriginal peoples, while seemingly benevolent, were consistent with colonial policies that sought to alienate Aboriginal peoples from their lands and to segregate them from contact with European settler societies. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]

Although Glasgow-born poet Thomas Campbell (1777–1844) is largely forgotten today, he was one of the nineteenth-century Atlantic world’s most celebrated authors, his long poem The Pleasures of Hope (1799) having won him early fame not only in Britain and continental Europe but in North America as well. As a young man he considered moving to America, but when his emigration plan fell through he settled in London, where he penned a series of popular poems and prose works that helped to consolidate his transatlantic reputation. The Scottish poet was particularly popular in Upper Canada, especially among members of the

[...]the cultivation of the landscape would go hand-in-hand with moral and mental cultivation in an inevitable process of humanization and civilization. The borders, and confines of forests will cease to be nurseries for county gaols. . [...]forests, which were formerly the haunts of robbers, and the scenes of violence, and rapine, may be converted into the receptacles of honest industry'\" (qtd. in Gilpin 2.42-3). According to some commentators, such development could occur only after the forest dwellers-in this case, Indigenous peoples-had been removed from coveted lands in a process Kate Rigby has called \"the displacement of colonized people through the attempted Europeanization of their land\" (75). [...]as European settlers toiled to transform the predatory American forest into a \"thymy pasture\" resembling the pastoral landscapes of Britain, the bloody tomahawk would yield to the peaceful implements of husbandry and agriculture, thereby changing the \"dread Indian\" into a productive and docile colonial subject, a happy swain dancing on the green.