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"Hynes, Patricia"
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Exploring the Interface between Asylum, Human Trafficking and/or ‘Modern Slavery’ within a Hostile Environment in the UK
While the drivers and processes of forced migration may overlap for people seeking refuge or experiencing human trafficking, responses are invariably rooted in legislation and policy rather than empirical enquiry. In the UK, tightening of legislation around asylum has, for the past three decades, resulted in a ‘hostile environment’. During this time, a discourse around human trafficking (also referred to as ‘modern slavery’ in the UK) has emerged. This paper looks at asylum and human trafficking in the UK to consider a fractioning of protection and resulting fractioning of support for basic needs and welfare provision, provided through the establishment of parallel systems of support for both populations. This paper explores the distinctions, interface, key points of contact, and disconnects between asylum and trafficking in the UK. It details the trajectory of asylum policy, provides an overview of the pre-history to the hostile environment, the impacts of fractioning refugee protection, and what this means for trust as a result. It is argued that trust is an essential component of UK government policies but that the trajectory of asylum policy from a focus on integration to a culture of hostility runs directly counter to efforts to identify ‘victims’ of ‘modern slavery’.
Journal Article
Trust and mistrust in the lives of forcibly displaced women and children
This article consider the experiences of displaced women and children during displacement as well as the issue of trust (or mistrust) throughout their journey towards future emplacement. Interpersonal and broader gender-based violence in politicised contexts is also explored. Various stages of displacement are viewed and, through the use of examples from within refugee camps, host countries and countries of asylum, insights into the lived experiences of the displaced women and children are provided. This article therefore draws on research projects and practitioner experience, including research carried out within refugee camps, in the UK on the dispersal of asylum-seekers, qualitative research into agency responses to the trafficking of children and young people, as well as a scoping study involving qualitative research into non-statutory understandings of trafficking.
Journal Article
Housing Interventions and Control of Asthma-Related Indoor Biologic Agents
Subject matter experts systematically reviewed evidence on the effectiveness of housing interventions that affect health outcomes, primarily asthma, associated with exposure to moisture, mold, and allergens. Three of the 11 interventions reviewed had sufficient evidence for implementation: multifaceted, in-home, tailored interventions for reducing asthma morbidity; integrated pest management to reduce cockroach allergen; and combined elimination of moisture intrusion and leaks and removal of moldy items to reduce mold and respiratory symptoms. Four interventions needed more field evaluation, 1 needed formative research, and 3 either had no evidence of effectiveness or were ineffective. The 3 interventions with sufficient evidence all applied multiple, integrated strategies. This evidence review shows that selected interventions that improve housing conditions will reduce morbidity from asthma and respiratory allergies.
Journal Article
A multicenter survey of Ontario intensive care unit nurses regarding the use of sedatives and analgesics for adults receiving mechanical ventilation
Nursing-directed sedation protocols have been shown to reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation and shorten the length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay among critically ill adult patients.
We designed a self-administered questionnaire to understand nurses' satisfaction with current sedation and analgesia practices as well as drug therapies in the ICU setting and the perceived relevance of sedation protocols to patient care and nursing autonomy. We surveyed nurses from 3 academic medical-surgical ICUs that were not using a sedation protocol or a sedation scale. Responses were based on a 5-point Likert scale and on text responses to open-ended questions.
Of the 88 respondents, only 52.7% were satisfied (score, ≥4) overall with their local ICU's approach to sedation and analgesia. Nurses favored the use of morphine (85.0%), midazolam (71.2%), and fentanyl (59.6%) over that of lorazepam (38.6%) and haloperidol (15.4%). Some nurses (39.3%) were satisfied with the subjective methods used in their ICU to evaluate sedation adequacy. Almost all respondents believed that a nursing-directed sedation protocol combined with a sedation/agitation scoring system would be valuable to patient care (84.3%) as well as professional nursing practice (85.3%) and that a standardized approach by nurses and physicians was important (81.6%).
In this survey of ICU nurses, we identified a perceived need for improvement in sedation and analgesia practices. Most respondents believed that the use of a nursing-directed sedation protocol in combination with a sedation scoring system would provide greater practice consistency among nurses and physicians and thus improve the care of critically ill patients.
Journal Article
Nothing Without Women
\"In my family, there was much domestic violence. Since I was young, I wanted to work against violence against women and on behalf of peace. [...]women have a history of strategic intelligence that governments and international bodies, such as the UN, urgently need, given ominous trends. Among these are the Trump administration's goal of unleashing the US global arms trade from policy restrictions; the decline in peace in this decade as measured by the Global Peace Index; the decline in democracy, with one-third of the world living in backsliding democracies in 2018; the stagnation of women and young people gaining high government positions; and crushing income inequality.
Journal Article
Spreading the Gospel of Solar Energy
When the state and federal programs to incentivize installing photovoltaic panels for electricity began, we had PV solar panels installed for solar electricity, which paid for themselves in under 10 years. When we had photovoltaic (PV) panels installed in 2010, we held a workshop for neighbors interested in the application process, the state and federal financial incentives, and the system of selling back excess solar energy to the electric company. Today, going all electric with solar panels (an option not available in 1981) for heating and cooling, hot water and cooking, together with passive solar house orientation and maximal insulation with fresh air input, is the environmental ideal for new home and building design.
Journal Article
Can Sanctions Ever Be Just–Let Alone Effective?
Since 1966, the UN Security Council has established 30 sanctions regimes in many African countries, the former Yugoslavia, Haiti, Iraq, Lebanon, as well as against ISIS, Al-Qaida, and the Taliban. Six decades of a US trade and travel embargo on Cuba have accomplished none of Washington's policy objectives: the overthrow of the Communist government, promotion of capitalism, and prevention of foreign investment by other countries. [...]studies have found that the longer sanctions last, and the greater the ideological differences between countries, the less likely sanctions are to succeed.6 One of the most comprehensive studies of 170 cases spanning a century of economic sanctions \"concluded that sanctions were partially successful only 34 percent of the time. According to Robin Wright of The New Yorker, sanctions \"generate meaningful change only 40 percent of the time\" and can take a very long time to have effect.8 Moreover, opinions on whether sanctions were the determining factor in resolving conflict or effecting foreign policy goals can vary. According to South African jurist and former Judge Ad Hoc of the International Court of Justice John Dugard, \"If the West fails to show concern for [Palestinian] human rights ... the [non-Western rest of the world] will conclude that human rights is a tool employed by the West against regimes it dislikes and not an objective and universal instrument for the measurement of the treatment of people throughout the world.
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Feminist Foreign Policy
Thirty-four percent of adolescent girls aged 15-19 have undergone female genital mutilation in 31 countries. Ruth Bader Ginsburg Notes 1 Action Nexus for Generation Equality , A Feminist Agenda for People and Planet: Principles and Recommendations for a Global Feminist Economic Justice Agenda, https://wedo.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Blueprint_A-Feminist-Agenda-for-People-and-Planet.pdf. Pat Hynes, an author and activist, is an at-large member of WILPF, a Board member of the Traprock Center for Peace and Justice in Western Massachusetts and retired Professor of Environmental Justice from Boston University School of Public Health.
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