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"Ibrahim, Karim"
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Using AI-based detectors to control AI-assisted plagiarism in ESL writing: “The Terminator Versus the Machines”
The release of ChatGPT marked the beginning of a new era of AI-assisted plagiarism that disrupts traditional assessment practices in ESL composition. In the face of this challenge, educators are left with little guidance in controlling AI-assisted plagiarism, especially when conventional methods fail to detect AI-generated texts. One approach to managing AI-assisted plagiarism is using fine-tuned AI classifiers, such as RoBERTa, to identify machine-generated texts; however, the reliability of this approach is yet to be established. To address the challenge of AI-assisted plagiarism in ESL contexts, the present cross-disciplinary descriptive study examined the potential of two RoBERTa-based classifiers to control AI-assisted plagiarism on a dataset of 240 human-written and ChatGPT-generated essays. Data analysis revealed that both platforms could identify AI-generated texts, but their detection accuracy was inconsistent across the dataset.
Journal Article
Foreign language practice in simulation video games: An analysis of game‐based FL use dynamics
Video/digital games have grown into a mainstream language‐mediated activity that attracts millions of foreign language (FL) learners worldwide. While empirical studies have demonstrated that digital game‐based interactions offer valuable opportunities for FL practice and learning (e.g., Sundqvist & Wikström, 2015), little is known about the specific dynamics of FL use that facilitate FL learning. The present exploratory case study examined three Arabic learners’ game‐based FL use when playing the Arabic simulation‐management video game Baalty. The study was framed by an ecological approach to FL learning, and data were collected through gaming journals, interviews, observations, and think‐aloud protocol. Findings revealed that a number of specific dynamics including engagement, active FL use, and embodied meaning motivated, promoted, and scaffolded FL practice in the course of gameplay. Pedagogical and research implications are discussed. The Challenge Video/digital games have grown into a widely practiced leisure activity. How can such experiences be leveraged to support language and cultural learning and increase learners’ engagement?
Journal Article
Histopathological, histochemical and biochemical postmortem changes in induced fatal hypothermia in rats
Reaching a postmortem diagnosis of hypothermia is challenging in forensic practice. Therefore, this study was conducted to detect the histopathological, histochemical and biochemical changes that occur in adult albino rats following exposure to induced fatal hypothermia. Twenty-four adult albino rats were divided into the negative control, moderate hypothermia, severe hypothermia and hypoxia groups. Rats in the control group were euthanized when those in the moderate hypothermic group died. Blood samples were collected via heart puncture, and the cerebrum, heart, suprarenal gland, kidney, liver and skeletal muscle were removed to investigate the biochemical, histochemical and histopathological changes. Postmortem assessment depicted significant changes in lipid peroxidation, represented by increased malondialdehyde levels in the studied organs of the rats in hypothermic and hypoxia groups. Histopathological examination of the rats' organs revealed degeneration and necrosis in the hypothermia and hypoxia groups. Sections taken from the severe hypothermic rats revealed a loss of normal cardiac tissue architecture, necrotic changes in the pyramidal cells in the cerebral cortex, and massive necrosis, mainly in the tubules of the renal cortex and medulla. These findings suggest that histological changes might be used as biochemical markers for postmortem diagnosing of fatal hypothermia, particularly in severe hypothermic conditions.
Key points
Death by hypothermia is a serious public health problem worldwide.
Confirming a diagnosis and determining the cause of death in cases of hypothermia are among the most difficult practices in forensic medicine.
Death by hypothermia might be associated with structural abnormalities in various organs.
Studies using different tissue staining techniques will enable an overall illustration of the role of histopathological changes in body organs as indicators of hypothermia.
Journal Article
Manufacturing of Cold Plasma System and Studies Electrical Characteristic
In this research, the non-thermal plasma system is designed with diameter (10 mm) Argon at atmospheric pressure as well as to be suitable for use in medical and biotechnological applications. The electric description of this system was studied. In this paper, a non-pure argon gas plasma system is designed and manufactured that operates at pressure The normal air. Where the electrical description of this system was studied through the use of values Different voltages and different values of how quickly the argon flows. As the results obtained showed the small value of the electric current consumed by the needle system Non-thermal plasma, where it was in the range of several microns of amps, and the value of the electric current increased with the increase in the gas flow, and the results also showed a breakdown of voltages when the voltage used was 5 kilovolts, which caused a slight decrease in the value of the electric current when the gas flow was 4 liters The minute.
Journal Article
Pitting Influence on Electrical Capacitance in EHL Rolling Contacts
This work presents an investigation on the influence of pitting in EHL rolling contact. The pitting geometry comes as an extension on the architecture for multi-physical numerical calculations of rolling element bearing contacts based on OpenFOAM. The model utilized is built according to the state-of-the-art for fluid–solid interaction and electro-quasi-static fields. In this framework, the contact is reduced to be two dimensional in order to reduce the computing costs needed. The changes in the electric properties, which are caused by pittings, are measured using the electric capacitance of the contact and put in perspective with regard to the EHL contacts geometry. The investigation delivers an evaluation on how surface degradation, in both the pitting width w and pitting depth d of the contact, affects the electric properties. It can be seen that the maximum deviations with different reduced radii for the same pitting structures are around 5% and would therefore hardly be distinguishable with corresponding measurements. By comparing the same data for the same ratio of pitting width to reduced radius, on the other hand, differences of up to 50% can be seen.
Journal Article
A systematic review of adult tetanus-diphtheria-acellular (Tdap) coverage among healthcare workers
•Few studies evaluated Tdap coverage among healthcare workers.•From 28 studies, initial Tdap coverage ranged from 6.1% to 45.1%.•Immunization with other vaccines was positively associated with Tdap uptake.•Two intervention studies implemented mandatory vaccination and three educational strategies.
During the last decades pertussis incidence raised globally. Several vaccination strategies targeting adults to reduce pertussis among young infants have been proposed, including vaccination of healthcare workers (HCWs). The aim of this study was to analyse, by performing a systematic review of literature, published papers that evaluated Tdap coverage among HCWs, variables associated with vaccine uptake and efforts implemented to raise vaccination rates. We searched the MedLine, Embase, SCOPUS, LILACS, Web of Science and Cochrane for full-text studies that evaluated Tdap coverage in HCW. Two independent reviewers screened the articles and extracted the data.Twenty-eight studies published from 2009 to 2018 were reviewed. Most studies were conducted in the USA. Initial Tdap coverage varied from 6.1% to 63.9%. USA and France are the only two countries with studies evaluating Tdap coverage within HCWs using national data. In the USA, Tdap coverage in HCWs raised from 6.1% to 45.1% from 2007 to 2015. In the analysis of French national data, a Tdap coverage of 63.9% was observed. Five studies used interventions to raise Tdap coverage in HCWs. Two intervention studies implemented mandatory vaccination and three used educational strategies. All of them achieved coverages over 86%. Only eleven studies analysed the association of Tdap vaccination with variables of interest. Previous immunization with other vaccines recommended for HCWs (like influenza, hepatitis B and MMR) was positively associated with Tdap uptake in four studies. In conclusion, overall Tdap coverage among HCWs is low, but seems to increase over the years after the vaccine introduction and with implementation of interventions to increase coverage.
Journal Article
Prediction Models for Modified Pavement Mixtures by Reclaimed Asphalt in Terms of Durability Indicators
The asphaltic pavement is often subjected to various types of distress during the service life caused by excessive load, construction practices, deficient materials, and environmental conditions. A lot of pavements may occur due to moisture damage because of the presence of water on the pavement's surface, which affects the pavement's service life. It needs periodic maintenance, which requires materials and money. So many countries take the economic side by reusing old, damaged pavement and mixed with new materials in addition to its sustainable benefits, the old material called reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). This study examines the effect of adding RAP on durability indicators, including tensile strength ratio, retained Marshall Stability, and durability Index, in addition to prediction statistical models for reclaimed asphalt pavement mixtures in terms of durability indicators. To achieve the goals of this study, the asphalt mixtures are designed according to the superpave system; the samples are compacted by a superpave gyratory compactor with a diameter of 100 mm and prepared with (6%, 13%, 19%, and 25%) RAP content with three conditioning periods of (1, 3, and 7) days and two aging periods (short term aging for loose mixture at 135˚C for 4 hours long term aging for 120 hours at 85˚C), and two testing temperature of 25˚C and 60˚C. The results indicated that stability increased as the RAP content increased compared to the control mix, and indirect tensile strength increased with RAP addition for both aging periods. Also, results illustrated that the tensile strength ratio for specimens tested at 25˚C is higher than that tested at 60˚C temperature.
Journal Article