Explore the vast range of titles available.

In this study we determined the causes of mortality and disease in a total of 325 lagomorphs (rabbits and hares) in northern Spain between 2000 and 2018. Risk factors such as the species, age, sex, time of year and origin were also considered. Clinical signs, gross and histopathological findings and ancillary test results were the basis for the final diagnoses that were reviewed to classify and identify the different disorders. A total of 26 different conditions were identified. A single cause of death or illness was detected in 267 animals. They were grouped into parasitic conditions (n= 65; 24.34%) represented by encephalitozoonosis, hepatic coccidiosis, hepatoperitoneal cysticercosis, intestinal coccidiosis, parasitic gastritis and cutaneous ectoparasitosis; bacterial diseases (n = 56; 20.97%) including pseudotuberculosis, blue breast, skin abscesses, tularemia, pneumonic pasteurellosis and staphylococcal infections; nutritional and metabolic diseases (n = 48; 17.97%) with epizootic rabbit enteropathy, hepatic steatosis and pregnancy toxemia as prominent diseases; viral infections (n= 31; 11.61%) comprising rabbit hemorrhagic disease and myxomatosis and miscellaneous causes (n = 31; 11.61%) where rabbit enteritis complex, renal conditions (nephrosis), heat stroke, and arterial bone metaplasia were included; neoplasms (n = 12; 4.49%) represented by uterine adenocarcinoma, mammary adenocarcinoma, cutaneous fibroma, intestinal lymphoma and hepatic cholangiocarcinoma; toxicoses (n = 11; 4.11%); trauma-related injuries (n = 9; 3.37%) and finally congenital diseases (n = 4; 1.49%). In 58 animals of the study, some of these conditions were presented jointly. We discuss the detection frequency, possible causes or associated factors of the different pathologies as well as the importance of the different variables considered.

The result of the multidisciplinary collaboration of researchers from different areas of knowledge to validate a solar radiation model is presented. The MAPsol is a 3D local-scale adaptive solar radiation model that allows us to estimate direct, diffuse, and reflected irradiance for clear sky conditions. The model includes the adaptation of the mesh to complex orography and albedo, and considers the shadows cast by the terrain and buildings. The surface mesh generation is based on surface refinement, smoothing and parameterization techniques and allows the generation of high-quality adapted meshes with a reasonable number of elements. Another key aspect of the paper is the generation of a high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM). This high-resolution DEM is constructed from LiDAR data, and its resolution is two times more accurate than the publicly available DEMs. The validation process uses direct and global solar irradiance data obtained from pyranometers at the University of Salamanca located in an urban area affected by systematic shading from nearby buildings. This work provides an efficient protocol for studying solar resources, with particular emphasis on areas of complex orography and dense buildings where shadows can potentially make solar energy production facilities less efficient.

Graphene on different substrates, such as SiO2, h-BN and Al2O3, has been subjected to oscillatory electric fields to analyse the response of the carriers in order to explore the generation of terahertz radiation by means of high-order harmonic extraction. The properties of the ensemble Monte Carlo simulator employed for such study have allowed us to evaluate the high-order harmonic intensity and the spectral density of velocity fluctuations under different amplitudes of the periodic electric field, proving that strong field conditions are preferable for the established goal. Furthermore, by comparison of both harmonic intensity and noise level, the threshold bandwidth for harmonic extraction has been determined. The results have shown that graphene on h-BN presents the best featuring of the cases under analysis and that in comparison to III–V semiconductors, it is a very good option for high-order harmonic extraction under AC electric fields with large amplitudes.

This study assessed ten alternatives, comprising nine power generation technologies and Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS), using a combined hybrid approach based on group Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) methods. Specifically, AHP was employed for determining criteria weights, while fuzzy VIKOR was utilised for ranking the alternatives. Six electricity sector experts evaluated each technology, organised within a hierarchical decision model that included four main criteria: economic, environmental, technical, and social, along with 13 subcriteria. To mitigate subjectivity in criteria weights stemming from diverse expert backgrounds, a consensus technique was implemented post-AHP. Fuzzy VIKOR was employed to address uncertainty in expert ratings. The findings revealed a significant preference towards renewable technologies, with Photovoltaic (PV) and Wind at the forefront, whereas Coal occupied the lowest position. A validation process was conducted using BWM for criteria weights and fuzzy TOPSIS for ranking alternatives. This hybrid soft computing method’s key contributions include its modular design, allowing for the sequential determination of criteria weights, followed by the calculation of alternative rankings, fostering interactive and collaborative evaluations of various energy mixes by expert groups. Additionally, the study evaluated three emerging energy technologies: BESS, Small Modular Nuclear Reactors (SMRs), and Hydrogen, highlighting their potential in the evolving energy landscape.

We present a novel relaxation method to build three-dimensional rotating structures of barotropic bodies using the SPH technique. The method is able to relax gaseous structures in rigid as well as differential rotation. The relaxation procedure strongly relies on the excellent conservation of angular momentum that characterizes the SPH technique. The method has been successfully applied to a variety of zero-temperature white dwarfs and polytropic self-gravitating structures. Our SPH results have been validated by comparing the main features (energies, central densities and the polar to equatorial radius ratio) to those obtained with independent, albeit grid-based methods, as for example, the self-consistent field method, showing that both methods agree within few percents.

Background Modifying multiple behavior risks is a promising approach to reduce cancer risk. Primary prevention advices of the European Code against Cancer were included in an educational intervention (EI) using social cognitive theories for motivating families with cancer experiences to adopt six cancer prevention behaviors. Methods A randomized clinical controlled trial recruited 3,031 patients from Primary Care among cancer patients' relatives. The experimental group (EG) received four EI, one EI every six months, focused on tobacco, alcohol, diet, weight, sun and work, and based on social cognitive models. The impact of the first three EI was calculated measuring at baseline and 18 months later: (a) The percentage of people with each risk behavior; (b) The score reached in a Total Cancer Behavioral Risk (TCBR) indicator; (c) The Odds Ratios at the post-test. Results Five risk behaviors decreased significantly more (p < 0.01) in the EG than in the CG: Smoking (OR = 0.662), drinking (OR = 0.504), diet (OR = 0.542), weight (OR = 0.698), and sun (OR = 0.389). The TCBR indicator also decreased an average of nearly 5 points (28.42 vs. 23.82), significantly more (p < 0.001) in the EG. Conclusion Families with cancer experiences changed five cancer risk behaviors when approached in Primary Care with interventions based on social cognitive models.

Fusarium wilt of tobacco could be caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. batatas or f. sp. vasinfectum since f. sp. nicotianae was rejected because there was no evidence of isolates specific to tobacco. Forty isolates of F. oxysporum from soil and plants from tobacco fields in Extremadura (south-western Spain) were characterized by pathogenicity on burley and flue-cured tobacco, for vegetative compatibility group (VCG), and by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Isolates from burley were identified as race 1 of F. oxysporum f. sp. batatas based on pathogenicity on tobacco, sweet potato and cotton, and those from flue-cured as race 2. Most isolates from soil were heterokaryon self-incompatible (HSI) and the remaining isolates from soil and tobacco were grouped into four VCGs: VCG 1 (5 isolates from burley), VCG 2 (17 isolates from flue-cured and 4 from soil), VCG 3 (2 isolates from flue-cured) and VCG 4 (2 isolates from soil). This is the first report of the two races and VCGs of F. oxysporum f. sp. batatas in Spain. Analysis of RAPD revealed two clusters (C-I and C-II) related to race and VCGs. C-I included race 1 (VCG 1) isolates from burley and nonpathogenic (VCG 4 or HSI) isolates from soils. C-II included nonpathogenic (VCG 2) and race 2 (VCG 2 or VCG 3) isolates from flue-cured. VCG and RAPD markers were effective in distinguishing race 2 from race 1, suggesting that there are two genetically differentiated groups of F. oxysporum f. sp. batatas on tobacco in Extremadura.

Uno de los contrafuertes que sostuvieron los procesos de modernización desarrollados, no sin dificultad, en los dos últimos siglos, fue la inclusión del espacio rural en las grandes dinámicas globales. Ese mundo fue el gran perdedor en una ecuación que se resolvió a favor de unas grandes urbes donde mejores servicios y posibilidades profesionales iban de la mano. Al desdén tradicional de los ciudadanos hacia los rústicos, se sumaba ahora, por primera vez en la historia de la Humanidad, el hecho dramático de encontrarse éstos cada vez más en minoría numérica. Si la mecanización había hecho obsoleta la economía tradicional, la falta de alternativas había acelerado las tendencias tradicionales de emigración a las modernas villas. De ser una población tradicionalmente marginada y sometida a los dictados, en ocasiones caprichosos, de las elites urbanas, ahora, las gentes del campo y de las pequeñas localidades se enfrentan a ser apenas una pervivencia residual.La Escuela Rural adquiere, en este contexto, toda su importancia como expresión básica de justicia y eficacia para una sociedad que se quiera compleja. Sólo a través de ella se puede garantizar que las personas que han optado por mantener vivo el campo puedan acceder a una formación que no les condene a ser subalternos, cultural, política, jurídica y laboralmente. Una potente Escuela Rural es la forma de incorporarles en igualdad de oportunidades y de permitirles protagonizar un mundo que, más que ser global por deriva, debería buscar potenciar su universalidad. Los cambios tecnológicos del último cuarto de siglo han triturado barreras y están definiendo nuevos territorios del saber, en los que la enseñanza impartida en esas grandes escuelas que actúan a pequeña escala invita a repensar qué, cómo y para qué debe la sociedad proveer de una formación de excelencia al mundo rural. Este libro hace tales análisis, indaga los problemas y muestra las carencias y etapas que son necesarias para poder convertir la desazón en esperanza, y acabar con los atrasos enraizados del campo, donde tantos y tantos maestros vienen desarrollando una labor encomiable, siendo además voceros de la necesidad de integrarlo sin complejos y en pie de igualdad en el mundo actual, y, para eso, no cabe otra vía que una educación de calidad.José Javier Ruiz Ibáñez. Catedrático de Historia del Pensamiento y Movimientos Sociales y Políticos. Universidad de Murcia

Nowadays, there is a great concern about the NOx emissions from combustion processes due to the adverse effects on health. The NOx emissions are avoided in high flow rate industrial combustion exhaust gases by reaction with ammonia. For the other cases, simpler solutions are proposed and studied using CFD, such as exhaust gas recirculation or improving the burner design. The present study is focused on reducing the NOx by the presence of steam. The presence of steam decreases a bit the peak temperature and greatly affects the reaction mechanism, decreasing the amount of NOx produced. Chemical industry heating services are provided by steam and therefore it is readily available. The introduction of steam in the combustion chamber together with the fuel of the air is a simple and cheap option to decrease NOx emissions. A CFD analysis is provided in the present study, showing that steam addition effect is more intensive when added to the fuel, than added to combustion air. When 25% steam is added in fuel, the quantity of NOx almost halves in comparison to the dry case.