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Deforestation is a serious threat to areas with large forest resources. Indonesia as a tropical country has a vast forest in every region. Weak supervision leads to more deforestation cases being carried out by local communities, with negative consequences that directly lead to the local community. The involvement of local communities in managing forests is absolutely necessary. The study in this paper shows that local people have learned hard from the consequences of deforestation, and then learned to live harmoniously with nature in their local wisdom. Based on the results of the study shows that: (1) deforestation gives little benefit and is temporary compared to the prolonged negative impacts in the form of drought disaster, and on the other hand, (2) deforestation is a driving force in the creation of cultural landscape that makes people in Selat Village, Buleleng Regency, Bali Province is able to live harmoniously with the God’s, human and with the environment.

Singaraja City in North Bali faces growing ecological pressures due to uncontrolled land-use conversion and urban zoning transformation. This study aims to identify the dynamics of zoning changes and assess their environmental impacts between 1984 and 2020. A descriptive-quantitative approach was employed using medium-scale satellite imagery from Google Earth, visually interpreted and processed with QGIS. This method was selected for its ability to capture long-term spatio-temporal dynamics of land-use transformation. The results show significant changes: the number of central business districts (CBDs) increased from two to eight, while rural fringe zones disappeared entirely by 2020. Sub-districts were classified into three categories of impact: highly significant (Banyuasri, Banyuning, Kendran), significant (Astina, Banjar Bali, Beratan, etc.), and minimal (Kampung Anyar, Kampung Bugis, etc.). These transformations have contributed to ecological degradation, including the loss of green open space, conversion of agricultural land, increased pressure on water resources, and heightened risks of flooding and seawater intrusion. The findings highlight that urban densification in Singaraja generates considerable ecological risks. Adaptive, ecology-based spatial planning policies are therefore urgently required to mitigate environmental impacts and support sustainable urban development in coastal North Bali.

This study explores the emerging pros and cons of livelihood changes in the peri-urban areas of Denpasar City, Indonesia, using a mixed- methods approach. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative insights were drawn from thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with 59 purposively selected participants, including local and migrants. Findings reveal that while peri- urbanization presents new opportunities—such as access to markets and abundant labor—it also introduces significant challenges, particularly for non-local and low-skilled communities. These include lack of capital and adaptation struggles in new environments. Qualified migrants tend to access better opportunities, often concentrated in areas with higher professional job availability. Financial burdens, weak networks, and regulatory gaps further constrain peri-urban households. The study concludes that unplanned peri- urban growth increases livelihood vulnerability and calls for responsive village-level governance to manage rapid change. It recommends future research on emerging income sources, especially in SMEs, and the development of new activity centers—including education, health, and market facilities—to better meet the evolving needs of peri-urban communities.

The limited number of studies assessing the effectiveness of the Teacher Professional Education (PPG) program from students’ perspectives, particularly in the context of Geography teachers, highlights the need to examine how professional competencies are applied in classroom practice. This study aims to analyze the impact of the PPG program on the Geography learning process based on students’ perceptions. A descriptive quantitative approach was employed, involving 105 students taught by PPG-certified Geography teachers at Ganesha University of Education (Undiksha). Data were gathered through a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test to identify differences before and after teachers completed the program. The results show statistically significant improvements (p < 0.001) across all measured aspects of the learning process, including teaching strategies, classroom interaction, and the creation of a supportive learning environment. These findings confirm that the PPG program contributes positively to the professionalism of Geography teachers and enhances the overall quality of instruction. The study concludes that PPG has a meaningful impact not only on teachers’ pedagogical competencies but also on students’ classroom experiences. The implication is that program evaluations should incorporate students’ perspectives as primary beneficiaries of learning outcomes, while policymakers and education institutions may use such evidence to strengthen teacher training frameworks and sustain quality improvements in Geography education.

The Lapindo mudflow, first occurring in May 2006 and continuing to date, represents one of Indonesia’s most severe non-natural disasters, triggered by drilling failure by PT Lapindo Brantas. Beyond its geological dimensions, the disaster has generated profound environmental, health, and socio-economic consequences. This study employs a qualitative approach through literature review and document analysis to examine the underlying causes of the mudflow, the socio-economic vulnerability of affected communities, long-term impacts, and mitigation measures undertaken. Findings indicate that the mud contains heavy metals and toxic chemical compounds that endanger ecosystems and public health, contributing to acute respiratory infections (ARI) and child stunting. Economically, communities have suffered significant livelihood and housing losses, while environmental impacts include ecosystem degradation and contamination of water resources. Mitigation strategies implemented thus far include relocation, compensation, aquaculture-based economic recovery, infrastructure development, and ecological restoration. The study concludes that while responses have addressed immediate needs, gaps remain in ensuring long-term resilience and justice for affected populations. These findings highlight the need for improved governance and equitable disaster mitigation policies to prevent and manage risks of future non-natural disasters.

This study is aimed to list the impacts of urban sprawl in the suburban area in Denpasar City. The implications that force growth in suburban areas is responsible for undesirable pattern or process of urban growth. The consequences or the impacts of urban sprawl, whether negative or positive, are also necessary to be understood and evaluated towards achieving sustainable development. Urban sprawl means more growth than the usual and what makes it different from urban growth is this excessive nature. Cities tended to grow and planned extension reached while there is an appropriate proportion between urban growth and urban population. However, when the increase is more than usual, its pressure on the boundaries, suburban area will face new significant problems. Significant problems that occur in the suburbs of Denpasar include environmental, social, economic and mobility issues. The impact analysis of urban sprawl on these four dimensions forms the basis for determining comprehensive urban sprawl mitigation models in suburban areas.

Recent peri-urbanization, primarily characterized by declining agricultural land and a growing population, is a primary driver of peri-urban dynamics. As urban-centric activities and demands rise, unmanaged urban sprawl causes socio-cultural disruptions, pollution, and economic instability. The intricate processes dependable for these negative impacts are primarily associated with population dynamics and land use changes. This study investigates the trends of demographic and land-use changes in the peri-urban area and evaluates the interrelationships between these two factors.  We utilize the multi-decade population and land-use transformations from 1990 to 2020 in the peri-urban area of Denpasar City – one of the most metropolitan areas in Indonesia. The results reveal that the peri-urban areas encountered unprecedented population growth and urban sprawl. The results indicate that the inner peri-urban area has encountered more substantial changes in population and land use than the outer area. Nevertheless, specific demographic trends have a positive influence on peri-urban land-use transformation. This elucidates why land use is progressively diverging from household demographic dynamics, specifically in population growth, population density, and the proportion of males and individuals in non-productive age groups. The interlinked relationship between these variables suggests land use conversion in peri-urban areas. The results emphasize the need for governmental planners to carefully examine demographic and land-use trends when formulating regional cross-border plans to promote sustainable peri-urban development.