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"Inglis, David"
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Deterministic hydrodynamics: Taking blood apart
We show the fractionation of whole blood components and isolation of blood plasma with no dilution by using a continuous-flow deterministic array that separates blood components by their hydrodynamic size, independent of their mass. We use the technology we developed of deterministic arrays which separate white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets from blood plasma at flow velocities of 1,000 μm/sec and volume rates up to 1 μl/min. We verified by flow cytometry that an array using focused injection removed 100% of the lymphocytes and monocytes from the main red blood cell and platelet stream. Using a second design, we demonstrated the separation of blood plasma from the blood cells (white, red, and platelets) with virtually no dilution of the plasma and no cellular contamination of the plasma. cells plasma separation microfabrication
Journal Article
مقدمة في علم الاجتماع الثقافي
كان الحديث الأكبر في مناهج الدراسة في علم الاجتماع الأكاديمي، في النصف الثاني من القرن العشرين، هو دراسة الثقافة، لم يكن هذا الموضوع الجديد، قاصرا على علم الاجتماع، لكنه حظي بمراجعات كبيرة في عديد من المجالات داخل الدراسات الإنسانية، مثل الفلسفة ودراسة الفن، والأدب الإنجليزي، وغيرها ولقد خلق الموضوع أيضا مجالا خاص به في الدراسات الثقافية، ويبدو أن الفكرة التي تذهب بأن كل هذا كان بمثابة ابتكار فيها شيئا من التناقض ولأن الثقافة كانت محور العلوم الإنسانية وبصفة خاصة الأنثروبولوجيا، على الأقل لقرن من الزمان لذلك فنحن بحاجة إلى المعرفة كيف ولماذا؟ أعيد تشكيل المناهج الدراسية السوسيولوجية من خلال التحول إلى الثقافة، وأنا أرى أن التحول إلى الثقافة، نجح علماء الاجتماع وطوروا مشروعات سوسيولوجية أساسية لوصف الحداثة وأنه من الواضح الآن أن هذه المراجعات وصلت إلى بداية تأريخ الحياة المعاصرة.
Book
Biomechanics of circulating cellular and subcellular bioparticles: beyond separation
Biomechanical attributes have emerged as novel markers, providing a reliable means to characterize cellular and subcellular fractions. Numerous studies have identified correlations between these factors and patients’ medical status. However, the absence of a thorough overview impedes their applicability in contemporary state-of-the-art therapeutic strategies. In this context, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the dimensions, configuration, rigidity, density, and electrical characteristics of normal and abnormal circulating cells. Subsequently, the discussion broadens to encompass subcellular bioparticles, such as extracellular vesicles (EVs) enriched either from blood cells or other tissues. Notably, cell sizes vary significantly, from 2 μm for platelets to 25 μm for circulating tumor cells (CTCs), enabling the development of size-based separation techniques, such as microfiltration, for specific diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Although cellular density is relatively constant among different circulating bioparticles, it allows for reliable density gradient centrifugation to isolate cells without altering their native state. Additionally, variations in EV surface charges (-6.3 to -45 mV) offer opportunities for electrophoretic and electrostatic separation methods. The distinctive mechanical properties of abnormal cells, compared to their normal counterparts, present an exceptional opportunity for diverse medical and biotechnological approaches. This review also aims to provide a holistic view of the current understanding of popular techniques in this domain that transcend conventional boundaries, focusing on early harvesting of malignant cells from body fluids, designing effective therapeutic options, cell targeting, and resonating with tissue and genetic engineering principles.
Graphical Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive and clear overview of the size/shape, stiffness, density, and electrical properties of circulating cellular/noncellular
Journal Article
Droplets for Sampling and Transport of Chemical Signals in Biosensing: A Review
The chemical, temporal, and spatial resolution of chemical signals that are sampled and transported with continuous flow is limited because of Taylor dispersion. Droplets have been used to solve this problem by digitizing chemical signals into discrete segments that can be transported for a long distance or a long time without loss of chemical, temporal or spatial precision. In this review, we describe Taylor dispersion, sampling theory, and Laplace pressure, and give examples of sampling probes that have used droplets to sample or/and transport fluid from a continuous medium, such as cell culture or nerve tissue, for external analysis. The examples are categorized, as follows: (1) Aqueous-phase sampling with downstream droplet formation; (2) preformed droplets for sampling; and (3) droplets formed near the analyte source. Finally, strategies for downstream sample recovery for conventional analysis are described.
Journal Article
A Review of Capillary Pressure Control Valves in Microfluidics
Microfluidics offer microenvironments for reagent delivery, handling, mixing, reaction, and detection, but often demand the affiliated equipment for liquid control for these functions. As a helpful tool, the capillary pressure control valve (CPCV) has become popular to avoid using affiliated equipment. Liquid can be handled in a controlled manner by using the bubble pressure effects. In this paper, we analyze and categorize the CPCVs via three determining parameters: surface tension, contact angle, and microchannel shape. Finally, a few application scenarios and impacts of CPCV are listed, which includes how CPVC simplify automation of microfluidic networks, work with other driving modes; make extensive use of microfluidics by open channel, and sampling and delivery with controlled manners. The authors hope this review will help the development and use of the CPCV in microfluidic fields in both research and industry.
Journal Article
Quantitative non-invasive cell characterisation and discrimination based on multispectral autofluorescence features
Automated and unbiased methods of non-invasive cell monitoring able to deal with complex biological heterogeneity are fundamentally important for biology and medicine. Label-free cell imaging provides information about endogenous autofluorescent metabolites, enzymes and cofactors in cells. However extracting high content information from autofluorescence imaging has been hitherto impossible. Here, we quantitatively characterise cell populations in different tissue types, live or fixed, by using novel image processing and a simple multispectral upgrade of a wide-field fluorescence microscope. Our optimal discrimination approach enables statistical hypothesis testing and intuitive visualisations where previously undetectable differences become clearly apparent. Label-free classifications are validated by the analysis of Classification Determinant (CD) antigen expression. The versatility of our method is illustrated by detecting genetic mutations in cancer, non-invasive monitoring of CD90 expression, label-free tracking of stem cell differentiation, identifying stem cell subpopulations with varying functional characteristics, tissue diagnostics in diabetes and assessing the condition of preimplantation embryos.
Journal Article
Hydrodynamic particle focusing enhanced by femtosecond laser deep grooving at low Reynolds numbers
Microfluidic focusing of particles (both synthetic and biological), which enables precise control over the positions of particles in a tightly focused stream, is a prerequisite step for the downstream processing, such as detection, trapping and separation. In this study, we propose a novel hydrodynamic focusing method by taking advantage of open v-shaped microstructures on a glass substrate engraved by femtosecond pulse (fs) laser. The fs laser engraved microstructures were capable of focusing polystyrene particles and live cells in rectangular microchannels at relatively low Reynolds numbers (Re). Numerical simulations were performed to explain the mechanisms of particle focusing and experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of groove depth, groove number and flow rate on the performance of the groove-embedded microchannel for particle focusing. We found out that 10-µm polystyrene particles are directed toward the channel center under the effects of the groove-induced secondary flows in low-Re flows, e.g. Re < 1. Moreover, we achieved continuous focusing of live cells with different sizes ranging from 10 to 15 µm, i.e. human T-cell lymphoma Jurkat cells, rat adrenal pheochromocytoma PC12 cells and dog kidney MDCK cells. The glass grooves fabricated by fs laser are expected to be integrated with on-chip detection components, such as contact imaging and fluorescence lifetime-resolved imaging, for various biological and biomedical applications, where particle focusing at a relatively low flow rate is desirable.
Journal Article
Catwalk Catholicism: On the Ongoing Significance of Federico Fellini’s Ecclesiastical Fashion Show
In Fellini-Roma (1972), the film director Federico Fellini includes a sequence about an imaginary ecclesiastical fashion show, a display of ever more outlandish clerical clothing designs. Fellini brought together various elements that, in conventional cultural coding, do not seem to fit together: secular fashion design and catwalks, and Catholic practice and ceremonial. The sequence juxtaposes and intermingles these apparent incompatibles. Surprisingly little scholarly attention has been paid to the nature and significance of this sequence. Yet it is complex, being simultaneously satirical and empathetic, as well as camp and carnivalesque. The paper reaches back in time, reviewing the history of Catholic vestments, to show that the sequence also dramatizes the fact that sartorial fashion and Church garb have overlapped and informed each other historically. The appeal of the sequence for various types of audience has been enhanced in the internet age, and the paper considers how it has become an increasingly ubiquitous reference-point for the fashion industry, bloggers, and cultural critics, especially when the latter want to thematize controversies about male homosexuality in the Church today. Fellini’s presentation of catwalk Catholicism is both a rich object of scholarship, and a multivalent vehicle used by actors for various contemporary purposes.
Journal Article
Rapid Isolation and Detection of Breast Cancer Circulating Tumor Cells Using Microfluidic Sequential Trapping Array
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have garnered special attention as promising cancer biomarkers. Phenotypic changes of CTCs reveal invaluable information for oncologists in disease prognosis and adjusting their treatment options. Microfluidic technology has emerged as a promising tool for CTC isolation; however, two major hurdles remain to be solved in employing them in CTC analysis. First, a rapid CTC isolation scheme is needed to allow immediate use of patient samples for point‐of‐care treatment monitoring. Second, multiplexed and streamlined CTC imaging is needed to facilitate CTC detection. Here, a microfluidic CTC sequential trapping array (STA) is proposed which addresses these hurdles enabling pipette‐based CTC isolation and simultaneous profiling of multiple CTC protein expressions. The STA device isolates CTCs based on their size difference from blood cells and increases sample processing throughput through its parallel design configuration. It successfully isolates CTC from a depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells sample of breast cancer patients with a high recovery rate of 80% and discriminates the number and types of CTCs in breast cancer based on their disease stage. These findings will open a new avenue in clinical translation of CTC profiling technologies. It will be an example for future translational developments in CTC‐based cancer management. Rapid isolation and detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from clinical samples of breast cancer patients is presented. The method is based on employing a microfluidic sequential trapping device that effectively captures CTCs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells samples extracted from whole blood. Membrane protein expression profiling of EpCAM and HER2 allowed differencing the disease stage in early and locally advanced patients.
Journal Article