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"Innes, Joanna"
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Inferior politics : social problems and social policies in eighteenth-century Britain
This book explores how social policy was created in Britain in a period when central government was not active in making it. Parliament proved capable of generating national legislation nonetheless — and provided a forum for debate even when it was impossible to mobilise consensus behind any particular plan. In this setting, there was a lively, and surprisingly inclusive, ‘politics’ of social policy-making, in which ‘inferior’ officers of government (what we might call ‘local authorities’) figured prominently. The book explores the institutional structures which shaped these debates and their outcomes, and supplies several case studies of policy-making: one focussing on some of the less well-known activities of William Wilberforce, as he attempted to promote a national ‘reformation of manners’; others featuring such apparently marginal figures as imprisoned debtors and a lowly (and bigoted) London constable. A central chapter explores the history of social and economic empirical enquiry from the invention of ‘political arithmetic’ in the later 17th century through to the first census of 1801, detailing similar interaction between government and private enthusiasts.
eBook
Re-imagining democracy in the Mediterranean, 1780-1860
Mediterranean states are often thought to have 'democratised' only in the post-war era, as authoritarian regimes were successively overthrown. On its eastern and southern shores, the process is still contested. Re-imagining Democracy looks back to an earlier era, the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, and argues it was this era when some modern version of 'democracy' in the region first began. 0By the 1860s, representative regimes had been established throughout southern Europe, and representation was also the subject of experiment and debate in Ottoman territories. Talk of democracy, its merits and limitations, accompanied much of this experimentation - though there was no agreement as to whether or how it could be given stable political form. 0Re-imagining Democracy assembles experts in the history of the Mediterranean, who have been exploring these themes collaboratively, to compare and contrast experiences in this region, so that they can be set alongside better-known debates and experiments in North Atlantic states. States in the region all experienced some form of subordination to northern 'great powers'. In this context, their inhabitants had to grapple with broader changes in ideas about state and society while struggling to achieve and maintain meaningful self-rule at the level of the polity, and self-respect at the level of culture. 0Innes and Philip highlight new research and ideas about a region whose experiences during the 'age of revolutions' are at best patchily known and understood, as well as to expand understanding of the complex and variegated history of democracy as an idea and set of practices.
Book
Life after Venice
Konstantina Zanou's book could have been called After Venice. It traces the disintegration of the Venetian Adriatic world, through an interlude of alternative empires – French, Austrian, British, and Russian – to an era of nations, or, as she often puts it, nation-states, with special attention to the Ionian islands, or those born there, wherever they then spent their lives. She tells this tale by attending to the concerns of individuals who spanned this space, often by moving through it, but also through the work of the imagination. She offers us a rich, humane, and reflective account.
Journal Article
Epilogue I: Early Modern Ottomans
KEYWORDS: Early Modern, Ottoman Empire, Periodization
Journal Article
Parliament and Church Reform
As the graph in Figure 3.1 shows, attempts by Parliament to improve the Church of England’s performance of its pastoral functions ceased following the Hanoverian accession, but resumed in the later eighteenth century, first tentatively, and then from 1800 in a more determined and focused way. During the intervening period – as Figures 3.2 and 3.3 demonstrate – Parliament passed increasing numbers of acts relating to individual parishes or churches and also many acts adjusting or revising rules relating to merely tolerated religious sects, but by contrast left the established church in charge of its own pastoral operations.¹ In the
Book Chapter
Legislating for three kingdoms: how the Westminster parliament legislated for England, Scotland and Ireland, 1707–1830
In 1707, the Edinburgh parliament was dissolved; the Westminster parliament gained forty-five Scottish MPs in the Commons, and sixteen representative peers in the Lords, and was renamed the Parliament of Great Britain. In 1801, following the abolition of the Dublin parliament, Westminster gained 100 Irish MPs, twenty-eight representative peers and four Church of Ireland bishops, and was renamed the Parliament of the United Kingdom or the Imperial Parliament.
Clearly these changes did not leave Westminster unaffected. Not only did the parliament gain on each occasion a new name and new members – some of whose ways grated on English legislators²
Book Chapter