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"Inoue, Kaori"
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Pokémon : Diamond and Pearl adventure
Hareta, raised in the wild by Pokémon, decides to become a Pokémon trainer. Along with his first Pokémon Piplup and his new friend Mitsumi, he sets off in search of the legendary Pokémon Dialga, but Team Galactic is hunting for Dialga too.
Book
Hyperpolarized 1-13Cpyruvate NMR spectroscopy reveals transition of tumor energy metabolism in microscale multicellular spheroids
Hyperpolarized (HP) [1-
13
C]pyruvate nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was employed to investigate tumor energy metabolism in microscale multicellular spheroids of a few hundred micrometers in diameter, serving as a model of early-phase tumorigenesis in vivo. A three-dimensional static culture of murine squamous cell carcinoma (SCCVII) cells formed uniform smaller multicellular spheroids (~ 150 μm in diameter), without hypoxic or necrotic cores, yet these spheroids exhibited resistance to anti-tumor drugs. HP [1-
13
C]pyruvate NMR spectroscopy of SCCVII spheroids revealed an increased conversion of pyruvate to lactate compared to monolayer cultures, indicating enhanced aerobic glycolysis in the aggregated cells. Additionally, HP spectroscopy differentiated the degree of aerobic glycolysis in human prostate tumor spheroids—DU145 (~ 120 μm) and PC-3 (~ 230 μm)—as evidenced by the upregulation of genes associated with lactate production and cellular transport. The Lac/Pyr ratio among spheroids correlated with those observed in homogenate samples of corresponding tumors grown in mice. These findings suggest that HP [1-
13
C]pyruvate NMR spectroscopy may serve as a metabolic biomarker for early-phase tumorigenesis in vivo.
Journal Article
Pokm̌on : Giratina & the sky warrior!
Shaymin, having been drawn into a battle with Pokm̌on Giratina and Dialga, becomes the target of Team Rocket, Zero, and Giratina.
Book
Effect of skin–capsular distance on controlled attenuation parameter for diagnosing liver steatosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
The effect of the skin–capsular distance (SCD) on the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) for diagnosis of liver steatosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unclear. The SCD was measured using B-mode ultrasound, and the CAP was measured using the M probe of FibroScan
®
. According to the indications of the M probe, 113 patients with an SCD of ≤ 25 mm were included in the present study. The association between the SCD and CAP was investigated, and the diagnostic performance of the SCD-adjusted CAP was tested. The SCD showed the most significant positive correlation with the CAP (ρ = 0.329, p < 0.001). In the multiple regression analysis, the SCD and serum albumin concentration were associated with the CAP, independent of pathological liver steatosis. According to the multivariate analysis, two different formulas were developed to obtain the adjusted CAP using the SCD and serum albumin concentration as follows: adjusted CAP (dB/m) = CAP − (5.26 × SCD) and adjusted CAP (dB/m) = CAP − (5.35 × SCD) − (25.77 × serum albumin concentration). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for diagnosis of a steatosis score ≥ 2 of adjusted CAP was 0.678 and 0.684 respectively, which were significantly greater than the original CAP (0.621: p = 0.030 and p = 0.024). The SCD is associated with the CAP independent of liver steatosis. Adjustment of the CAP using the SCD improves the diagnostic performance of the CAP in NAFLD.
Journal Article
Pokémon. Giratina & the sky warrior!
\"Shaymin, the gratitude Pokémon, usually leads a peaceful life in forests and among flowers. But when it gets swept up in a great battle between legendary Pokémon Giratina and Dialga, it accidentally becomes part of a struggle to maintain the delicate balance between the Real World and an alternate dimension called the Reverse World. Ash, Dawn and Brock join the fight and soon discover that there's more to Shaymin than meets the eye!\"--Cover.
Book
Quantification of liver steatosis of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease based on body composition analysis
Liver steatosis can be measured with ultrasound techniques such as the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) on an equipped FibroScan. For more widespread screening and quantitative evaluation of liver steatosis, a predictive model using body composition data obtained by body bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was developed. In the training cohort including 365 patients suspected of having metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, a stepwise selection method was used to determine the BIA-related variables associated with CAP. Using the significant variables, a predictive formula was developed, and the estimated CAP (eCAP) was obtained. The diagnostic performance of eCAP was tested to predict liver steatosis with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis in the training, validation (
n
= 408) and liver biopsy (
n
= 158) cohorts. The body fat mass of the trunk, skeletal muscle index and age were significant variables associated with CAP. eCAP was obtained as 219.1 − 0.4479 × age + 3.476 × BFM of trunk + 7.045 × SMI. The area under the ROC curve was 0.814 in the training cohort and 0.808 in the validation cohort. The sensitivity and specificity were 72.5% and 82.1% with a cut-off value of eCAP = 281 dB/m. For sensitivity ≥ 90%, the cut-off of eCAP was 266 dB/m. In the liver biopsy cohort, the presence of pathological steatosis was predicted with eCAP as an area under the ROC curve = 0.826, which was not statistically different from CAP (0.871). Completely non-invasive BIA-based eCAP could predict liver steatosis.
Journal Article
Pokémon : diamond and pearl adventure manga box set!. Volumes 1-8
Hareta, raised in the wild by Pokémon, decides to become a Pokémon trainer and sets out to find the legendary Pokémon Dialga, but time is of the essence as he must find it before the evil Team Galactic does.
BOOK
Extracellular ATP Has Stimulatory Effects on the Expression and Release of IL-6 Via Purinergic Receptors in Normal Human Epidermal Keratinocytes
Extracellular ATP regulates proliferation and differentiation, functioning as an important messenger via purinergic (P2) receptors in keratinocytes. In this study, we investigated the effects of ATP on cytokine production in cultured normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs). Adenosine 5′-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (ATPγS), adenosine 5′-O-2-(thio)diphosphate (ADPβS), ADP, ATP, and 2′, 3′-O-(4-benzoyl-benzoyl) ATP (BzATP) significantly increased the release of IL-6. The P2 antagonists, suramin-, reactive blue 2-, and periodate-oxidized ATP, inhibited ATP-induced IL-6 release, whereas pyridoxal-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2′,4′-disulfonic acid, adenosine 3′-phosphate 5′-phosphate, 1-[N,O-bis(1,5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-N-methyl-L-tyrosyl]-4-phenylpiperazine, and pertussis toxin did not. SQ22563, an adenylate cyclase inhibitor, inhibited ATP-induced IL-6 release. ATPγS, ADPβS, ATP, and BzATP significantly increased the intracellular cAMP content. Reverse transcription-PCR showed expression of P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4, P2Y11, P2Y12, P2Y13, P2X1, P2X4, P2X5, P2X6, and P2X7 receptor subtypes. Additionally, UVB radiation evoked the release of ATP from NHEKs. The release of IL-6 and the expression of IL-6 mRNA were increased after UVB radiation, and these increases were also inhibited by P2 receptor antagonists. These results suggest that cAMP-generating P2Y receptors are likely functional in ATP-induced IL-6 production in NHEKs. Furthermore, in UVB-radiated cells, we note the possibility that P2 receptor antagonists may reduce skin inflammation.
Journal Article
Pokémon adventures
Red wants to be friends with the Pokémon as well as their trainer--can he win over the independent Pikachu?
BOOK
Construction of a simulation model and evaluation of the effect of potential interventions on the incidence of diabetes and initiation of dialysis due to diabetic nephropathy in Japan
Background
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is a growing public health concern in Japan. We developed a simulation model to predict the number of people with diabetes and those on dialysis due to diabetic nephropathy. In addition, we used the model to simulate the impact of possible interventions on the number of people with diabetes and those on dialysis due to diabetic nephropathy in the near future.
Methods
A simulation model with aging chains for diabetes management was built using system dynamics. The model was calibrated to population data from 2000 to 2015 (sex- and age category-specific population, the prevalence of diabetes, and the number of patients on dialysis due to diabetic nephropathy). We extrapolated the model up to 2035 in order to predict future prevalence of diabetes and related dialysis (base run). We also ran the model, hypothesizing that incidence of diabetes and/or related dialysis would be reduced by half from 2015 to 2025 and that this rate would be maintained until 2035, in order to investigate the effects of hypothetical interventions on future prevalence.
Results
The developed model forecasted the population with diabetes to increase until 2028 (5.58 million males and 3.34 million females), and the population on dialysis due to diabetic nephropathy to increase until 2035 (113,000 males and 48,000 females). Simulation experiments suggested that diabetes prevention interventions would decrease the number of patients on dialysis in 2035 by 13.8% in males and 12.6% in females compared to the base run. In contrast, interventions aiming to avoid dialysis initiation for patients with diabetes would decrease the number of patients on dialysis by 37.8% in males and 38.1% in females.
Conclusions
We successfully developed a simulation model to project the number of patients with diabetes and those on dialysis due to diabetic nephropathy. Simulation experiments using the model suggested that, as far as the perspective of the next 20 years, intervention to prevent dialysis is an important means of bending the increasing curve of dialysis in the population with diabetes. Simulation analysis may be useful when making and evaluating health policies related to diabetes and other chronic diseases.
Journal Article