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Direct dyes are used in different textile operations and processings. The textile industries are disposing of unused direct dyes into the aquatic environment which is posing a serious alarming threat to aquatic lives. The current study deals with the synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles using Allium cepa peels aqueous extract. Nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO-NPs) were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Synthesized NiO-NPs were used to remove Congo red direct dye. Various experimental factors like concentration of dye and nanoparticles, pH, and temperature were optimized. Congo red direct dye was decolorized up to 90% at optimized conditions (Congo Red Direct dye concentration 0.02%, catalyst dose 0.003 g·L−1, pH 6, and temperature 50 °C). The real textile industry effluent disclosed 70% decolorization at optimized conditions. The percent reduction in total organic carbon (TOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) was found to be 73.24% and 74.56% in the case of Congo red dye catalytic treatment and the percent reduction in TOC and COD was found to be 62.47% and 60.23%, respectively, in the treatment of textile effluent using nickel oxide nanoparticles as a catalyst. Treated and untreated dye samples were exposed to Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and UV-Visible spectral analyses too. The reaction products were studied by degradation pathway.

In this study, we synthesized Fe3O4 using the co-precipitation method and then prepared magnetic carrier LDHs@Fe3O4 by immobilizing layered double hydroxide on Fe3O4 by in situ growth method. Cellulase was immobilized on this magnetic carrier by using glutaraldehyde as a coupling agent, which can be used for degrading Methoxychlor (MXC). The results demonstrated the maximum MXC removal efficiency of 73.4% at 45 °C and pH = 6.0 with excellent reusability. Through kinetic analysis, it was found that the degradation reaction conforms to the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model and is a first-order reaction. Finally, according to the EPR analysis, the active radicals in the system were found to be OH· and the degradation mechanism was proposed in combination with LC-MS. This study provides a feasible method for degrading organochlorine pesticides, which can be used for groundwater purification.

As a persistent organic pollutant, methoxychlor has drawn considerable environmental attention. Photocatalysis, recognized for its environmentally friendly characteristics, has been widely utilized for the degradation of contaminants. In this study, the photocatalytic material BiVO4@diatomite was successfully synthesized via the liquid-phase precipitation method. The synthesized material was comprehensively characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and a Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, providing robust evidence for the material’s stability and biocompatibility. The results confirmed the successful deposition of BiVO4 onto the diatomite surface. Furthermore, the effects of various parameters, including the initial methoxychlor concentration, pH, light exposure duration, and illumination intensity, on the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of methoxychlor by BiVO4@diatomite were systematically investigated to optimize degradation performance. The identification of optimal reaction conditions and the proposed degradation mechanism based on experimental findings will be valuable for guiding future studies and practical applications in environmental pollution control. The integration of BiVO4 with diatomite in this study yields a novel composite system with significantly enhanced photocatalytic degradation performance, offering fresh insights into the design of efficient, stable, and eco-friendly materials for pollutant removal.

In this study, we synthesized Fe O using the co-precipitation method and then prepared magnetic carrier LDHs@Fe O by immobilizing layered double hydroxide on Fe O by in situ growth method. Cellulase was immobilized on this magnetic carrier by using glutaraldehyde as a coupling agent, which can be used for degrading Methoxychlor (MXC). The results demonstrated the maximum MXC removal efficiency of 73.4% at 45 °C and pH = 6.0 with excellent reusability. Through kinetic analysis, it was found that the degradation reaction conforms to the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model and is a first-order reaction. Finally, according to the EPR analysis, the active radicals in the system were found to be OH· and the degradation mechanism was proposed in combination with LC-MS. This study provides a feasible method for degrading organochlorine pesticides, which can be used for groundwater purification.

As a persistent organic pollutant, methoxychlor has drawn considerable environmental attention. Photocatalysis, recognized for its environmentally friendly characteristics, has been widely utilized for the degradation of contaminants. In this study, the photocatalytic material BiVO[sub.4]@diatomite was successfully synthesized via the liquid-phase precipitation method. The synthesized material was comprehensively characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and a Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, providing robust evidence for the material’s stability and biocompatibility. The results confirmed the successful deposition of BiVO[sub.4] onto the diatomite surface. Furthermore, the effects of various parameters, including the initial methoxychlor concentration, pH, light exposure duration, and illumination intensity, on the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of methoxychlor by BiVO[sub.4]@diatomite were systematically investigated to optimize degradation performance. The identification of optimal reaction conditions and the proposed degradation mechanism based on experimental findings will be valuable for guiding future studies and practical applications in environmental pollution control. The integration of BiVO[sub.4] with diatomite in this study yields a novel composite system with significantly enhanced photocatalytic degradation performance, offering fresh insights into the design of efficient, stable, and eco-friendly materials for pollutant removal.

Nowadays, video cameras are increasingly used for surveillance, monitoring, and activity recording. These cameras generate high resolution image and video data at large scale. Processing such large scale video streams to extract useful information with time constraints is challenging. Traditional methods do not offer scalability to process large scale data. In this paper, we propose and evaluate cloud services for high resolution video streams in order to perform line detection using Canny edge detection followed by Hough transform. These algorithms are often used as preprocessing steps for various high level tasks including object, anomaly, and activity recognition. We implement and evaluate both Canny edge detector and Hough transform algorithms in Hadoop and Spark. Our experimental evaluation using Spark shows an excellent scalability and performance compared to Hadoop and standalone implementations for both Canny edge detection and Hough transform. We obtained a speedup of 10.8 × and 9.3 × for Canny edge detection and Hough transform respectively using Spark. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of parallel implementation of computer vision algorithms to achieve good scalability for real-world applications.

This study demonstrates the development of a new genetic programming-based model to predict the increase in stress [DELTA][f.sub.ps] beyond effective prestress, and the total value of stress [f.sub.ps] at ultimate loading in the internally unbonded steel tendons of post-tensioned concrete flexural members. Genetic expression programming (GEP) was employed to develop an accurate predictive model for [DELTA][f.sub.ps], summarizing almost all the influencing parameters including the geometrical properties of the structural member, the mechanical properties of steel and concrete, and the loading type and pattern into one single empirical expression. Comprehensive experimental outcomes of 218 data points were compiled from published literature since 1962 and the experimental program carried out recently by authors on prestressed concrete flexural members (beams and one-way slabs) with internally unbonded steel. To inspect the potentiality of the proposed model against 22 expressions suggested by various researchers and Codes of Practice, an extensive comparative study was carried out to assess [DELTA][f.sub.ps]. Compared to the other predictive models, the proposed model showed the highest correlation between the estimated and the experimental stress increase [DELTA][f.sub.ps] in internally unbonded steel at ultimate loading with a coefficient of determination [R.sup.2] of 0.78. Keywords: flexural concrete member; genetic algorithm; post-tensioning; ultimate loading; unbonded steel tendon.

This research explores the analytical soliton solutions of the dimensionless time-dependent paraxial equation (DTPE). We applied the improved Sardar sub-equation and improved Riccati equation analytical techniques to develop numerous soliton solutions for the DTPE, providing insights into the behavior of optical solitons in nonlinear evolution equations. The two techniques are applied for the first time to generate vigorous solutions to the DTPE. Numerous types of exponential, trigonometric, hyperbolic, dark, periodic, anti-kink, peakon, kink, and bright soliton solutions are obtained for DTPE. Although constructing an effective scheme to solve the DTPE has been our primary aim. Moreover, the obtained analytical solutions offer a useful foundation for comprehending the complex dynamics of optical solitons in nonlinear evolution equations, enabling enhancements in different applications that include signal processing, optical communication, beam shaping, Gaussian beams, lenses and mirrors, optical fibers, and predicting beam behaviors.

In this study, we investigate the coupled nonlinear integrable system known as the Akbota–Gudekli–Kairat–Zhaidary (AGKZ) equation. By employing a generalized extended simple equation method, we examine soliton and various solitary wave solutions with diverse physical structures. The nonlinear complex AGKZ equation is a newly introduced integrable model arising in the study of space curves and surfaces; therefore, its analytical exploration is essential for understanding its physical applications. The investigated solutions display distinct physical structures, including bright solitons, kink wave structures, dark solitons, peakon-type bright and dark waves, anti-kink wave structures, periodic waves with varying profiles, solitary waves through contour plots, two-dimensional plots, and three-dimensional visualizations using Mathematica tool. The novelty of this work lies in establishing enriched and distinct soliton solutions to the AGKZ equation and performing a comparative analysis of the proposed method, which has not been previously addressed in the literature. The derived solutions of the AGKZ equation may be applied to model ultrashort pulse propagation in nonlinear optical fibers, photonic crystals, waveguides, and solitary waves in shallow water. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach is practical, straightforward, and effective for generating a wide variety of soliton solutions applicable to other nonlinear equations.

In this study, we investigate the nonlinear integrable Akbota equation (NLIAE), which is an important equation due to its energy-based nature and applications across various fields of science and engineering. Novel soliton solutions are investigated using the auxiliary equation method (AEM) applied to the NLIAE. The obtained soliton solutions exhibit unique, interesting, and diverse physical structures in the context of solitons, solitary, and traveling waves. To understand the physical implications of the derived solutions, a detailed computational analysis is performed, and several solutions are graphically represented in three formats contour, two–dimensional, and three–dimensional using numerical simulations with the aid of Mathematica. The graphical analysis reveals that the derived solutions possess novel physical structures of solitary waves and solitons, including periodic waves, kink waves, peakon bright and dark waves, singular bright and dark solitons, anti–kink waves, mixed kink–bright waves, and mixed anti–kink bright waves. The obtained results are expected to have potential applications in various domains of physical science and engineering, such as optics, ocean engineering, fluid mechanics, nonlinear dynamics, soliton and fractal theory, and other areas of nonlinear science. The findings demonstrate that the AEM is not only effective and straightforward but also an efficient tool for obtaining soliton solutions of various integrable equations, outperforming several existing methods. Moreover, this research presents novel solutions that reveal physical behaviors not previously reported in the literature.