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This study uses archival high frequency continuum data to expand the search for Hypercompact HII regions and determine the conditions at which they appear, as this stage high mass star formation is short-lived and rare. We use 23 GHz continuum data taken towards methanol masers, which are an excellent signpost for very young embedded high-mass protostars. We have searched for high-frequency, optically thick radio sources to identify HC HII region candidates. The data cover 128 fields that include 141 methanol masers identified by the Methanol Multibeam (MMB) survey. We have detected 68 high-frequency radio sources and conducted a multi-wavelength analysis to determine their nature. This has identified 49 HII regions, 47 of which are embedded in dense clumps fourteen of which do not have a 5 GHz radio counterpart. We have identified 13 methanol maser sites that are coincident with radio sources that have a steep positive spectral index. The majority of these are not detected in the mid-infrared and have been classified as protostellar or young stellar objects in the literature and we therefore consider to be good HC HII region candidates, however, further work and higher resolution data are needed to confirm these candidates.

We present the first high spatial resolution radio continuum survey of the southern Galactic plane. The CORNISH project has mapped the region defined by \\(295^{\\circ} < l < 350^{\\circ}\\); \\(|b| < 1^{\\circ}\\) at 5.5-GHz, with a resolution of 2.5\\(^{''}\\) (FWHM). As with the CORNISH-North survey, this is designed to primarily provide matching radio data to the Spitzer GLIMPSE survey region. The CORNISH-South survey achieved a root mean square noise level of \\(\\sim\\) 0.11 mJy beam\\(^{-1}\\), using the 6A configuration of the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA). In this paper, we discuss the observations, data processing and measurements of the source properties. Above a 7\\(\\sigma\\) detection limit, 4701 sources were detected, and their ensemble properties show similar distributions with their northern counterparts. The catalogue is highly reliable and is complete to 90 per cent at a flux density level of 1.1 mJy. We developed a new way of measuring the integrated flux densities and angular sizes of non-Gaussian sources. The catalogue primarily provides positions, flux density measurements and angular sizes. All sources with IR counterparts at 8\\(\\mu m\\) have been visually classified, utilizing additional imaging data from optical, near-IR, mid-IR, far-IR and sub-millimetre galactic plane surveys. This has resulted in the detection of 524 H II regions of which 255 are ultra-compact H II regions, 287 planetary nebulae, 79 radio stars and 6 massive young stellar objects. The rest of the sources are likely to be extra-galactic. These data are particularly important in the characterization and population studies of compact ionized sources such as UCHII regions and PNe towards the Galactic mid-plane.

We present a new radio-selected sample of PNe from the CORNISH survey. This is a radio continuum survey of the inner Galactic plane covering Galactic longitude, \\(10^\\circ 1000 K) and located closer than 7 kpc. Within this sample is a water-maser PN with a spectral index of \\(-0.55\\pm 0.08\\), which indicates non-thermal radio emission. Such a radio-selected sample, unaffected by extinction, will be particularly useful to compare with population synthesis models and should contribute to the understanding of the formation and evolution of PNe.

We present the SARAO MeerKAT Galactic Plane Survey (SMGPS), a 1.3 GHz continuum survey of almost half of the Galactic Plane (251\\deg \\(\\le l \\le\\) 358\\deg and 2\\deg \\(\\le l \\le\\) 61\\deg at \\(|b| \\le 1.5\\deg \\)). SMGPS is the largest, most sensitive and highest angular resolution 1 GHz survey of the Plane yet carried out, with an angular resolution of 8\" and a broadband RMS sensitivity of \\(\\sim\\)10--20 \\(\\mu\\) Jy/beam. Here we describe the first publicly available data release from SMGPS which comprises data cubes of frequency-resolved images over 908--1656 MHz, power law fits to the images, and broadband zeroth moment integrated intensity images. A thorough assessment of the data quality and guidance for future usage of the data products are given. Finally, we discuss the tremendous potential of SMGPS by showcasing highlights of the Galactic and extragalactic science that it permits. These highlights include the discovery of a new population of non-thermal radio filaments; identification of new candidate supernova remnants, pulsar wind nebulae and planetary nebulae; improved radio/mid-IR classification of rare Luminous Blue Variables and discovery of associated extended radio nebulae; new radio stars identified by Bayesian cross-matching techniques; the realisation that many of the largest radio-quiet WISE HII region candidates are not true HII regions; and a large sample of previously undiscovered background HI galaxies in the Zone of Avoidance.

Banditry has deep roots in Nigeria's precolonial and colonial history, which became evident in the Fourth Republic. This study used published data to trace the history of banditry in Nigeria and examine its manifestation under various administrations in the Fourth Republic, from 1999 to 2023. The findings showed that economic marginalisation by the privileged few and political struggles among the elites were key factors in the historical origins of banditry in Nigeria’s precolonial and colonial periods. These historical factors continued to influence banditry during the Fourth Republic, as seen in patterns under different administrations, such as the Niger Delta militant activities during Obasanjo’s era over the marginalisation of oil-producing communities, Boko Haram insurgency during Yar' Adua’s tenure due to the poor socioeconomic conditions in the north-east, herder-farmer conflicts under Goodluck’s government over resource disputes related to scarce arable land for cattle grazing and  farming, and secessionist armed groups during Buhari’s administration over political marginalisation of the south-eastern region from the national mainstream.

More than 60 years ago, the effect whereby radiotherapy at one site may lead to regression of metastatic cancer at distant sites that are not irradiated was described and called the abscopal effect (from 'ab scopus', that is, away from the target). The abscopal effect has been connected to mechanisms involving the immune system. However, the effect is rare because at the time of treatment, established immune-tolerance mechanisms may hamper the development of sufficiently robust abscopal responses. Today, the growing consensus is that combining radiotherapy with immunotherapy provides an opportunity to boost abscopal response rates, extending the use of radiotherapy to treatment of both local and metastatic disease. In this Opinion article, we review evidence for this growing consensus and highlight emerging limitations to boosting the abscopal effect using immunotherapy. This is followed by a perspective on current and potential cross-disciplinary approaches, including the use of smart materials to address these limitations.

Veterinary education has long relied on lecture-based methods and conventional case-based learning, approaches that may not fully cultivate the critical and systems thinking skills required in today’s complex clinical environment. In response, we developed an innovative digital tool that integrates interactive gaming, narrative-driven expression, and structured debriefing into a cohesive simulation framework. Using backyard poultry management—a case selected for its regulatory and ethical complexities in European practice—as our testbed, the simulation engages students through a point-and-click game focused on laying hens. The tool presents a series of interactive decision points and intentional \"traps\" that prompt reflective discussion during post-game debriefing sessions. A qualitative approach was employed to analyze data collected from focus group discussions, written group documents, and facilitator reflections during simulation sessions with veterinary students. Our thematic analysis identified three primary themes: (1) a multifactorial understanding of poultry health, (2) diverse perceptions of the veterinarian’s role in managing complex challenges, and (3) the simulation as an effective reflective trigger for enhancing clinical reasoning. These findings indicate that the simulation not only promotes active learning and systems thinking but also bridges the gap between theoretical knowledge and real-world clinical decision-making by linking clinical observations with broader regulatory, economic, and social considerations. Despite limitations such as reliance on self-reported data and the absence of a control group, our study demonstrates that a facilitation-driven simulation framework can transform case-based learning into a dynamic, reflective inquiry process. This approach offers a promising alternative for enhancing educational outcomes in veterinary education and lays the groundwork for future research incorporating objective measures of competence and further refinements to balance structured guidance with learner autonomy.

Background Rabies is recognized among the top five priority zoonotic diseases in Burkina Faso. As in other endemic countries around the world, implementing the One Health approach is a best way towards rabies control. In 2022, Burkina Faso adopted a national strategic plan (NSP) with the aim of advancing collaborative efforts towards the elimination of domestic dog-mediated human rabies by 2030. The first two years following the adoption of this strategic plan were characterized by a low level of commitment from involved stakeholders and unsuccessful implementation due to a wide range of constraints that those stakeholders are facing. Methods To review the ongoing strategy with these stakeholders, a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) approach has been proposed to establish a prioritization of interventions. Participatory workshops joined relevant 45 institutional and community stakeholders (22 participants for human health group, 23 participants in animal health group, 45 participants for the plenary session) involved in animal and human rabies control, as well as actors from other sectors or civil society. The method was applied in parallel in two groups centred around sectoral participants from human and animal health, then combined through discussions in plenary sessions. Results Overall, 41 interventions were selected, related to data collection and analysis, prevention and control, laboratory diagnosis, dog population management, advocacy and public awareness, and cross-cutting issues. Seven analysis criteria were defined by the stakeholders, related to rabies elimination, strategic and operational aspects, One Health capacity development, and social impact. The results revealed distinct prioritization between the sectoral groups. However, a relative agreement could be highlighted on the importance ascribed to a set of cross-sectoral interventions, including harmonization of procedures for surveillance, data sharing as well as prevention and control. Accordingly, interventions perceived as sector-specific were attributed with the lowest scores. Conclusion The results of the study inform decision-makers regarding the interventions that are best supported by implementing stakeholders, hence showing the potential for increased their ownership, commitment, and eventually efficacy.

This paper sought to investigate whether the Chinese loans offered to Nigeria lead to development or not. The background to the study presents the conversation like an overview of the paper. The research question of the paper provides the direction of the paper. The significance of the study and the research methodology aware based on literature reviews, building on existing limited literatures on Nigeria China loans. The paper was built on the Realist theory of International Relations as the theoretical framework, which argues that Chinese loans offered to Nigeria are informed by the national security interest of China. The paper looked at the debt trap and the implications for the future of Nigeria and its development, in reference to defaulting nations, unable to pay back the Chinese loans they collected in the past and what happened after then. The paper captured the ironies of Nigeria as a constant recipient of the Chinese loans, yet it remains one of the poorest nations in the world.

Nigeria's Niger Delta region is rich in minerals, particularly oil and gas; however, it is severely underdeveloped and lacks government attention and infrastructure. It is characterised by environmental degradation, poverty, and pollution, while contributing billions of dollars to the development of other parts of Nigeria. The Land Use Act and the Petroleum Act, part of Nigeria's 1999 constitution, suggest that the federal government controls natural resources in the air, water, and land within Nigeria's territorial integrity. The injustice against the people of the Niger Delta has reached its apex, resulting in conflict and outbursts from the Niger Delta community for environmental protection from the negative effects of foreign oil exploitation. The document analysis was adopted as the methodology for this paper, and the revolutionary theory served as the theoretical framework that anchored this study, which concluded that the Niger Delta conflicts are escalated by judicial and constitutional injustices in the Nigerian state.