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To examine incidence of mental health diagnoses during initial service of U.S. active duty military members and identify associations with deployment, attrition, and suicide. A retrospective cohort of 576,502 service members (SMs) newly enlisted between 2003 and 2006 was identified. Data included medical encounter, deployment and attrition, and suicide. Multivariable logistic regression models examine the association between mental health diagnoses coded within the SMs' first 6 months of eligibility for health care benefits and deployment. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models quantify the association between mental health diagnoses and attrition and suicide. The cumulative incidence of mental health diagnoses was approximately 9% at 6 months of service. Adjustment, depressive, and anxiety disorders were most common. Those with any mental health diagnosis during initial eligibility had increased risk of early attrition and were 77% less likely to deploy. Early mental health diagnoses were not statistically significantly associated with death by suicide. Mental health diagnoses during initial eligibility are common and associated with reduced odds of deployment and increased risk of early attrition. Policies designed to either retain or discharge SMs with a mental health diagnosis identified during initial training merit close examination in light of these findings.

This is the final report on the moss flora of the Bío-Bío Region (Región VIII) in south-central Chile where collections were made in 2001-2003. Reported in this paper are one species new to South America, four species new to Chile and 16 species new to the Region. With these new additions the total number of taxa in the Bío-Bío Region is 343, corresponding to 331 species and 12 infraspecific taxa. A complete checklist of the mosses for all the provinces in the Region is presented.

Very lowfrequency HRV reflects activity in intrinsic cardiovascular feedback loops that are stimulated by efferent sympathetic activity and hormonal factors such as the renin-angiotensin system inputs; low-frequency HRV reflects the contributions of the baroreflex system, which is involved in short-term blood pressure regulation; and high-frequency HRV reflects parasympathetic inputs as well as variability due to respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) characterized by heart rate increases with inspiration and decreases with expiration optimizing blood flow at maximum alveolar ventilation.

A new species, Taxiphyllum townsendii Ochyra & Ireland (Hypnaceae, Musci), is described from Sri Lanka. The species was earlier known under the name Plagiothecium ceylonense Brotherus ex Dixon, but this name was not validly published and therefore a new name is needed. Taxiphyllum townsendii is similar in many ways to the common eastern North American species, T. deplanatum (Bruch & Schimper ex Sullivant) M. Fleischer, but differs by its larger, often oblong-lanceolate leaves that are abruptly or gradually short- or long-acuminate; much longer and narrower mid-leaf cells; short-rectangular, very broad basal leaf cells that form a distinct 1- to 2-seriate strip at the leaf insertion; and a prominent angular group of large quadrate to short-rectangular cells that extend up the margins by four to 10 cells. Taxiphyllum subretusum (Thwaites & Mitten) O'Shea is transferred to the genus Phyllodon Schimper as P. subretusus (Thwaites & Mitten) Ochyra & Ireland and the name is lectotypified. The validity of the name Entodon isopterygioides (Dixon) Dixon is discussed and this name is considered to be validly published.

A new Bartramia species, B. bellolioella, is described from Arauco and Ñuble provinces in the Bío-Bío Region of south-central Chile. The species belongs to section Vaginella Müll. Hal. It is closely related to the widespread B. ithyphylla Brid. and more distantly related to B. deciduaefolia Broth. & Yasuda from East Asia. Distinctive features of the species include its small size and spreading stem leaves that have enlarged, sheathing bases. Although sterile, B. bellolioella reproduces asexually by means of deciduous, linear-lanceolate leaves that lack sheathing bases. The deciduous leaves are produced at the stem apices or on whole plants.

Isopterygium tenerum (Sw.) Mitt., a species previously considered restricted to the New World, is reported for the first time from the Old World. Examination of the type collections of three South African species that were given names under Plagiothecium and Isopterygium, namely Plagiothecium rhynchostegioides Müll. Hal., P. sphagnadelphus Müll. Hal., and Isopterygium brachycarpum Dixon, revealed their conspecificity with I. tenerum. Accordingly, this species is established as one more Afro-American disjunct species. Some gametophytic structures of the type specimens of the South African species are illustrated.

Modifiable pathological conditions that may be related to mishap human factors including medical conditions, physiologic events related to flight as hypoxia, and more commonly, mental disorders. Thus, improved identification of even relatively mild mental disorders such as depression in aviators may be \"low hanging fruit\" in aviation safety in that they are highly prevalent and do affect cognitive domains related to usual human factors in mishaps. Some mental disorders, such as major depression, are also associated with cognitive impairment in a fashion similar to that resulting from moderate head injury. Mild dysphoria to full-blown major depression result in alterations of cognition directly related to human factors commonly associated with aviation mishaps. From a neuropsychiatric viewpoint, mishap errors and violations may reflect levels of cognitive impairment in areas of attention, memory and executive functions such as initiation, planning, execution and anticipation.

Dacryophyllum falcifolium, a new North American genus and species of moss, is described and illustrated. The taxon is described from sterile California collections, where it occurs on calcareous rock in redwood forests in Monterey and Santa Cruz Counties. The new moss genus Dacryophyllum is considered a member of the large pleurocarpous family Hypnaceae and is morphologically close to Taxiphyllum.

Plagiothecium, the only genus of the Plagiotheciaceae, is revised for all of Central America, the West Indies, and South America, and six species are recognized. Plagiothecium novo-granatense, with only scant decurrencies, occurs from Venezuela to Argentina and in southeastern Brazil. The closely related P. drepanophyllum has decurrencies more consistently present and occurs from Mexico to Colombia and in the Greater Antilles. Plagiothecium lucidum, recognized by its slender leaf apices and narrow leaf cells, occurs from Colombia to Tierra del Fuego with disjuncts in southeastern Brazil and the Dominican Republic. Plagiothecium conostegium, distinguished by its broad leaf cells and prominent decurrencies, occurs at high elevations in Mexico, Guatemala and the Dominican Republic, and in the northern Andes and Tierra del Fuego. Plagiothecium ovalifolium, with broadly acute leaves, is restricted in South America to southernmost Argentina and Chile. Plagiothecium falklandicum is recognized by julaceous plants and in South America is only in the Falkland Islands. All species are described and illustrated. Some taxa previously included in Plagiothecium are transferred to other genera: Isopterygium fontigenum (C. Müller) comb. nov. and Lepidopilidium regnellii (Ångström) comb. nov. /// Plagiothecium, el único género de las Plagiotheciaceae, ha sido revisado para América Central, las Indias Occidentales y América del Sur, y se han reconocido seis especies. Plagiothecium novo-granatense, con solamente decurrencias limitadas, ocurre de Venezuela a Argentina, y en el sudeste de Brasil. Plagiothecium drepanophyllum, muy relacionado con P. novo-granatense, tiene decurrencias más frecuentes y ocurre de México a Colombia y en las Antillas Mayores. Plagiothecium lucidum, reconocido por presentar en las hojas los apices delgados y células estrechas, ocurre de Colombia a Tierra del Fuego con disyunciones en el sudeste de Brasil y en la República Dominicana. Plagiothecium conostegium, distinguido por las células amplias y decurrencias prominentes, ocurre en los Andes nórticos y Tierra del Fuego y en elevaciones altas de México, Guatemala y la República Dominicana. Plagiothecium ovalifolium, con hojas acutas, está restringido en la América del Sur para la parte meridional de Argentina y Chile. Plagiothecium falklandicum está reconocido por plantas julaceas y en América del Sur está solamente en las Islas Malvinas. Todas las especies están descritas y ilustradas. Algunas taxa previamente incluidas en Plagiothecium han sido transferidas a otros géneros: Isopterygium fontigenum (C. Müller) comb. nov. y Lepidopilidium regnellii (Ångström) comb. nov.