Explore the vast range of titles available.

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into otolaryngology heralds a new era of enhanced diagnostic precision, improved treatment strategies, and better patient outcomes. This advancement, however, brings to the fore the essential role of education and training in maximizing AI's potential within the field. The diverse spectrum of otolaryngology, encompassing audiology, rhinology, and sleep medicine, presents numerous opportunities for AI applications from predicting hearing loss progression and optimizing cochlear implant settings to managing chronic sinusitis and predicting the success of treatments for obstructive sleep apnea. Such innovations necessitate a paradigm shift in educational frameworks, merging traditional clinical skills with AI literacy. This involves introducing AI concepts, tools, and applications specific to otolaryngology in the curriculum, ensuring practitioners are equipped to leverage AI for diagnostics, patient monitoring, and surgical planning. Exploring the potential of large language models (LLMs) in medical education, simulating clinical scenarios for risk-free diagnostic practice and decision-making, is imperative. Underscoring the importance of continuous education for established otolaryngologists through workshops and seminars on the latest AI tools is another essential goal. Moreover, highlighting the need for a collaborative approach to address ethical considerations and ensure the responsible integration of AI while advocating for a multidisciplinary educational strategy is an important asset. As we navigate this transition, the commitment to training and education becomes paramount, preparing the otolaryngology community to embrace AI-driven healthcare innovations.

The ongoing Israeli military assault on Gaza has led to an alarming humanitarian catastrophe, whereby the onset of famine is coupled with a deterioration of maternal health services, severely impacting the wellbeing of pregnant women and of children. The near-total collapse of the health-care infrastructure, coupled with the lack of access to essential medical services, has resulted in a tragic surge in preventable maternal and neonatal deaths.1 As advocates in the medical sector, it is our duty to bring attention to these harrowing cases and call for immediate international intervention. Prenatal care is virtually non-existent in Gaza.2 The rise in premature labour is staggering, often triggered by the chronic stress of displacement, malnutrition, and the trauma of witnessing air strikes.3 As hospitals struggle to keep up with mass casualties, maternity wards are becoming non-functional.1,3 In some cases, women have had to deliver babies outside, in unsanitary conditions, without the assistance of midwives or doctors.4 This reproductive violence is not just a consequence of the military assault—it is a deliberate outcome of policies that restrict access to health care.5 The targeting of maternity hospitals and the blockade that limits essential medical supplies, such as anaesthetics and maternity kits, from entering Gaza have turned pregnancy into a life-threatening condition for thousands of women.6–8 Our colleagues in Gaza, local physicians who face the horrors of this large-scale violence daily, report an unprecedented rise in maternal deaths, miscarriages, and stillbirths.9 The malnutrition that many pregnant women endure only exacerbates these outcomes.

Drawing on death investigations released by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), Human Rights Watch and independent correctional-health experts found that in eight of fifteen detainee deaths reviewed (2015–2017), including a heart-attack patient denied urgent evaluation, a man whose congestive heart failure was repeatedly mismanaged, a pneumonia patient left 3 days with critically low oxygen, and a suicide that followed isolation despite known psychosis, substandard or delayed medical care directly contributed to the fatalities [2]. Epidemiologists should lend quantitative backing to abolitionist campaigns that call for the closure, not reform, of detention facilities engaged in human rights violations, and the redirection of federal carceral budgets toward community-governed housing, food, and primary care infrastructures proven to shorten hospital stays and avert overdose deaths. 3.DiazCOrtizVSanchezLFernandezJAndradeEAAkiyamaMJHarmful by Design—A Qualitative Study of the Health Impacts of Immigration Detention.J Gen Intern Med(2023)38:2030–7.10.1007/s11606-022-07914-6 4.KamiH.Detain and Punish: Haitian Refugees and the Rise of the World’s Largest Immigration Detention System by Carl Lindskoog (Review).The Americas(2019)76:542–3.10.5744/florida/9781683400400.001.0001 5.A Vision for Black Lives: Policy Demands for Black Power, Freedom, and Justice.Ideals and Ideologies.11th ed.New York:Routledge(2019),391–9.10.4324/9780429286827-64 6.The Red Nation.

Foremost was his repeated usage of chemical weapons against civilian populations. 2 Investigations led by the UN and the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons found over 300 instances of such attacks by pro-regime forces, with a single sarin attack in 2013 alone killing over 1400 people. 2,3 These assaults, combined with the devastating nature of the conflict (which sparked from widespread discontent and protests over Assad's policies that were met with severe repression), have led to over 600 000 deaths, with over 500 000 of these being named and documented by the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 4 This number does not account for the tens of thousands of people trapped in detention facilities under inhumane conditions, or the millions of refugees displaced as a consequence. Physicians for Human Rights meticulously documented hundreds of attacks on medical facilities and the killing of health-care workers by various parties during the war—pro-regime forces were found to be responsible for 88% of such attacks on health-care facilities in a 2015 estimate. 5,6 The same estimate found that at least 610 medical personnel had been killed, with 139 of these deaths being as a consequence of torture or execution, and 97% of these killings were attributed to government forces. 6 Instead of safeguarding public health, Assad's Government weaponised it, transforming hospitals into instruments of coercion and turning medical care into a battleground resource. Health-care workers often reported their provision of medical care to those deemed as opponents of the Assad regime being criminalised, and they were then branded as so-called enemies of the state. 7 In stark contrast to the compassion and integrity expected of a physician, Assad's rhetoric often dehumanised opposition forces, likening them to pathogens to be eradicated.

Forced displacement and the looming threat of nuclear conflict are now among the most potent, preventable drivers of global morbidity and mortality. This editorial argues that health professionals, bound by ethical mandates to promote and preserve life, bear a positive duty not only to treat the downstream consequences of war but to confront the policies that generate them. We outline the cascading public-health harms that accompany mass displacement, including communicable-disease outbreaks, interruption of chronic care, gender-based violence, and intergenerational trauma. We contend that silence in the face of such structural violence constitutes professional complicity. The piece therefore calls on healthcare workers, public health institutions, and professional societies to produce and disseminate rigorous evidence on war-related health impacts, advocate for the cessation of hostilities and safe humanitarian corridors, refuse collaborations that militarize health systems, and embed peace-medicine and humanitarian-law training into their curricula. Healthcare workers can utilize academic spaces, including conferences, journals, and lectures, to speak, document, and share the realities of the consequences of war and its impact on population health. Neutrality, we suggest, must align with patients, not with powers perpetuating displacement and existential nuclear peril.

Mpox has emerged as a global concern and warrants a global response. This editorial argues that the Middle East and North Africa region sits at a precarious intersection of strained health systems and porous borders. Clinical presentation is increasingly atypical, yet painful oral lesions and rash remain diagnostic anchors. Disproportionate burden among men, particularly those with intersecting immunocompromising conditions, underscores both behavioral and biological vulnerabilities. First-generation vaccinia stockpiles offer interim protection, but third-generation non-replicating vaccines, paired with strategic deployment, promise safer, longer-lasting immunity for genetically diverse communities. Real-time prevention capacity, transparent risk communication, regional antiviral mutual-aid pacts, and targeted vaccination of frontline workers and high-risk groups constitute a practical containment blueprint. Policymakers can avert an avoidable crisis by translating these evidence-based measures into pre-emptive action - before the next zoonotic roll of the dice - and by working in collaboration with other regional and international stakeholders.

Recent umbrella and systematic reviews indicate that chronic exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is linked to higher colorectal-cancer incidence and mortality (roughly 18%−42% per 10 μgm−3) and to modest but consistent elevations in liver-injury enzymes, while evidence for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is suggestive yet drawn from heterogeneous individual studies rather than a formal meta-analysis, leaving considerable geographic and methodological variation unresolved (6,7). Qualitative interviews and occupational-health reviews show that many employees with IBS cope by rigidly controlling food intake, for example by bringing ‘safe' lunches, eating sparingly, or delaying meals, and by pushing through flares rather than taking sick leave, tactics adopted in response to tight schedules, limited bathroom access and high job demands; paradoxically, this hyper-vigilant self-management is associated with more severe symptoms, elevated presenteeism, and the kind of productivity losses that can curb advancement opportunities (15,16). The experiences of Indigenous Yaqui communities in Sonora, Mexico offer some insights: organophosphate pesticides such as chlorpyrifos, methyl-parathion, and other chemicals that the United States has banned for use at home are still legally manufactured in U.S. plants and shipped to the Yaqui Valley under FIFRA and the Rotterdam Convention, a pattern that is a form of environmental violence (19). Mitigation strategies could include shifting computation to renewable-powered data centers, adopting parameter-efficient tuning rather than full retraining, and publishing life-cycle assessments with every major model release, though these might be contingent on what the evidence and health assessments display is feasible and warranted. [...]norms crystallize, gastroenterologists using chatbots must reckon with the possibility that clinical benefit for one patient could entail ecological harm for many others.

Contemporary statutes typically define adulthood at 18, yet Islamic tradition considers puberty and intellectual discernment as markers of maturity. This discrepancy creates significant ethical and legal dilemmas for adolescent healthcare autonomy, particularly in Muslim contexts. Classical Islamic jurisprudence emphasizes cognitive maturity alongside physical development, aligning with modern secular concepts like the mature minor doctrine. Nevertheless, tensions arise when adolescents deemed religiously mature must navigate healthcare decisions restricted by civil statutes. This editorial advocates for integrating Islamic ethical frameworks with contemporary capacity-oriented policies, suggesting joint jurist-physician assessments as a practical reconciliation. There are proposals sketched for clear, capacity-oriented guidelines that respect both civil mandates and religious values. Interdisciplinary guidelines can harmonize religious recognition of adolescent autonomy with protective civil mandates, ultimately respecting adolescents' evolving capacities and healthcare rights.

Sleep is a vital physiological and psychological process essential for overall health and well-being, yet it is often severely disrupted in areas affected by armed conflict and disasters. In these environments, civilians frequently become internally displaced or refugees, experiencing fragmented or reduced sleep due to factors such as constant noise from drones and airstrikes, overcrowded shelters, and pervasive fear for personal safety. These sleep disturbances, including but not limited to insomnia and nightmares, are not merely secondary effects of a conflict or disaster but can also exacerbate stress responses, weaken immune function, and increase the risk of psychological toll and manifestations such as anxiety and depression. Public health initiatives increasingly recognize sleep disruption as both a predictor and consequence of trauma, highlighting the need for targeted interventions. However, the implementation of such interventions is often hindered by resource constraints in conflict and disaster zones. Elevated cortisol levels and inflammatory cytokines have been linked to prolonged sleep loss, which can further intensify stress responses and increase susceptibility to infections. Addressing sleep disturbances is crucial for improving overall health outcomes for the affected population and facilitating recovery and reintegration as crises subside. Integrating sleep-focused strategies into humanitarian and public health responses is essential for mitigating the long-term psychological and physical impacts of conflict and disaster, ultimately supporting the restoration of healthier and more stable communities.

Telemedicine emerges as a critical innovation in Pakistan, aiming to overcome the nation's unique healthcare delivery challenges, including inadequate facilities, professional scarcity, and access disparities. Examining telemedicine's potential to bridge the healthcare gap, particularly in rural and underserved regions plagued by a digital divide and infrastructural deficits, is crucial. There is a critical need for robust digital infrastructure, regulatory frameworks, and digital literacy to facilitate telemedicine adoption. By highlighting the socio-economic and logistical obstacles alongside proposed strategic interventions, the analysis suggests that telemedicine can significantly enhance healthcare accessibility, efficiency, and equity across Pakistan, offering a pragmatic solution to its pressing healthcare needs while also opening room for artificial intelligence in the landscape.