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In this paper, retrograde condensation is considered using binary mixtures of hydrocarbons as an example. The feasibility of numerical simulation of this phenomenon using the direct energy minimization is demonstrated. To verify the calculations, similar simulations are performed using the ‘‘classical’’ iterative algorithm for calculating vapor–liquid equilibria in hydrocarbon mixtures. A comparison of the simulation results with the data of physical experiments confirms the prospects of using the direct energy minimization method for phase transition calculations in hydrocarbon mixtures.

The layered material α -RuCl 3 is a promising candidate to realize the Kitaev quantum spin liquid (QSL) state. However, at ambient pressure, deviations from the perfect Kitaev geometry prevent the existence of the QSL state at low temperatures. Here we present the discovery of a pressure-induced high-symmetry phase in α -RuCl 3 , which creates close to ideal conditions for the emergence of a QSL. Employing a novel approach based on Bragg and diffuse scattering of synchrotron radiation, we reveal a pressure-induced reorganization of the RuCl 3 -layers. Most importantly, this reorganization affects the structure of the layers themselves, which acquire a high trigonal symmetry. For this trigonal phase the largest ratio between the Kitaev ( K ) and the Heisenberg exchange ( J ) ever encountered is found: K / J  = 124. Additionally, we demonstrate that this phase can also be stabilized by a slight biaxial pressure. This not only resolves the conflicting reports of low-temperature structures in the literature, but also facilitates the investigation of the high-symmetry phase and its potential QSL using a range of experimental techniques. The layered material α -RuCl 3 is a promising candidate for the Kitaev quantum spin liquid, but its low-temperature structure is debated. Here, using a new structural characterization approach, the authors report a pressure-induced high-symmetry phase in α -RuCl 3 , which might be close to the ideal Kitaev geometry.

The review analyses the frequency of malignant tumors metastasizing to the spleen. The facts are presented of a higher frequency of metastasis to the spleen in the presence of multiple metastases to other organs and the extreme rarity of isolated metastases to the spleen. Despite the rarity of spleen metastases, their frequency varies depending on the nosological form of the malignancy. The data about clinical manifestations of spleen metastases and positive effects of splenectomy in these cases are presented. The hypotheses explaining the rarity of metastases to the spleen are analyzed. Emphasis is placed on the multiple immune functions of the spleen, including the development of immunogenesis and tolerance, and the possible role of these processes in inhibiting the development of spleen metastases. However, to date, there is no complete understanding of the mechanisms of spleen metastasis inhibition. The spleen is an area where antimetastatic microenvironment is naturally formed. Understanding of the mechanisms inhibiting the development of metastases in the spleen and underlying the failure of this function in cases where metastases do occur could arm oncologists with a new strategy to prevent metastasis to any organ. Targeted research in this field is required.

Various approaches to the optical diagnostics of evolving polymer foams formed as a result of a decrease in the external pressure according to a given scenario in the “polymer-supercritical fluid” systems are considered. Formed polymer foams are considered as a material platform for the creation of scaffolds for biomedical applications. Diagnostics of the current state of the foam was carried out by statistical analysis of the spatiotemporal fluctuations of the probe laser radiation, multiple scattered in the volume of the evolving foam, or by analyzing the fluorescent response during foaming of the “polymer-fluorophore” mixture, pumped by laser radiation in the absorption band of the fluorophore. A relationship has been established between the average lifetime of dynamic speckles in scattered laser light and a generalized parameter characterizing the foam expansion dynamics. It was also found that the waveguide effect in the walls of the formed pores has a significant influence on the fluorescent response of the evolving foam, leading to an increase in the characteristic dwell time of fluorescence radiation in the walls and, accordingly, to an increase in the contribution of the induced component to the fluorescent response.

АbstractThe granitoids, intruding complexes of crystalline basement, represented by Penkigney metamorphic formation, have been dated in the western part of Senyavin granite-metamorphic dome of East Chukotka for the first time. U–Th–Pb (SIMS) geochronological study of leucogranites is carried out and their age estimate 467 ± 6 Ma, corresponding to Middle Ordovician is obtained, which suggests the existence of the Early Paleozoic (Ordovician) stage of granitoid magmatism in this region. Composition affinities of granitoids indicate their similarity to I–S granites or differentiated I-type granites. The intrusion of granitoids might have been caused by Caledonian tectono-magmatic events, indicating possible connections with the Caledonides of East Greenland, Svalbard, and the Peary terrane.

The recently discovered magnetic topological insulators (MnBi2Te4)(Bi2Te3)n, n = 0–4, are an ideal playground to study the influence of magnetic properties on band topology, giving access to diverse quantum states in a single compound. In the low temperature-antiferromagnetic state and vanishing magnetic field, the n = 1 system is a topological insulator protected by a combination of time reversal and a translation symmetries. It has been argued that, when the antiferromagnetic phase is forced to a the fully spin polarized state by the application of an external magnetic field, this system develops Weyl cones in the conduction band, which become accessible in presence of an intrinsic electronic doping. In this work, we experimentally prove the raising of field-induced Weyl state through the detection of an intrinsic anomalous Nernst effect in a bulk single crystal of MnBi4Te7.

The application areas of island thin films are considered, and the relevance of their application is presented. The choice of the method for formation island thin films and nanostructures is justified. A design of the thermal evaporation module is proposed and its documentation is developed. The use of it will allow to form continuous and island coatings. Variants for placing the module in the laboratory equipment - MVTU-11-1MS are considered. The analysis of the evaporator configurations was carried out and the type of evaporator – «tape» evaporator, was selected. The necessary calculations are presented: evaporator resistance (2,31 mOm) and thermal calculation (1200 K, 20), – this contributed the design of the module and the materials selection of its components.

Ebola virus disease (EVD) is an acute illness with a high-case fatality rate (CFR) caused by an RNA virus belonging to the Filoviridae family. Over the past 50 years, regular EVD outbreaks have been reported. The West African EVD outbreak of 2013–2016 proved to be significantly more widespread and complex than previous ones, resulting in approximately 11,000 deaths. A coordinated international effort was required to bring the outbreak under control. One of the main challenges faced by clinicians and researchers combating EVD was the absence of vaccines and preventive treatments. Only recently have efforts led to the development of effective therapeutic options. Among these, monoclonal antibody-based drugs have emerged as the most promising agents for the urgent treatment of EVD. This article aims to review the key milestones in the development of antibody-based therapies for EVD, tracing the journey from the use of convalescent serum to the creation of effective monoclonal antibody-based drugs and their combinations.

Squalene-based adjuvant compositions that can provide effective induction of specific humoral immune response have been developed. Recombinant receptor-binding domain (RBD) of surface S-protein of SARS-CoV-2 was used to evaluate the properties of the composition. Immunization of mice with the developed squalene-based compositions in combination with RBD allows obtaining high titers of specific antibodies: from 10 5 to 2×10 6 . The blood sera from immunized mice exhibit neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant (B.1.617.2) with a titer up to 1:2000.

Dissolved inorganic carbon is an essential component of the carbon cycle, especially in the northern regions; however, its loss through water bodies is still rarely included in regional carbon models. The tasks of the work comprise a detailed coverage of the methodological approach of “headspace equilibration” for assessing the concentration of dissolved CO 2 in soil and surface waters and estimation of the CO 2 concentration range in waters of different geneses in the landscapes of northern Western Siberia. The performed methodological work has allowed a headspace equilibration protocol for measuring the CO 2 concentration in waters to be elaborated and described with detailed calculations. The CO 2 concentration in soil (suprapermafrost) and surface waters (river, bog, lake, etc.) ranges from 13 to 2983 µmol/L (274 to 57 000 µatm), and the vast majority of objects are supersaturated with CO 2 relative to the atmosphere. The maximum concentrations are characteristic of suprapermafrost soil and bog waters, and the minimum concentrations are in the waters of aquatic ecosystems (thermokarst and forest lakes). A high variability of CO 2 concentrations in waters necessitates a large number of measurements to provide adequate estimates.