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"Islam B."
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Single-cell transcriptional changes associated with drug tolerance and response to combination therapies in cancer
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors were found to be clinically effective for treatment of patients with certain subsets of cancers carrying somatic mutations in receptor tyrosine kinases. However, the duration of clinical response is often limited, and patients ultimately develop drug resistance. Here, we use single-cell RNA sequencing to demonstrate the existence of multiple cancer cell subpopulations within cell lines, xenograft tumors and patient tumors. These subpopulations exhibit epigenetic changes and differential therapeutic sensitivity. Recurrently overrepresented ontologies in genes that are differentially expressed between drug tolerant cell populations and drug sensitive cells include epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, epithelium development, vesicle mediated transport, drug metabolism and cholesterol homeostasis. We show analysis of identified markers using the LINCS database to predict and functionally validate small molecules that target selected drug tolerant cell populations. In combination with EGFR inhibitors, crizotinib inhibits the emergence of a defined subset of EGFR inhibitor-tolerant clones. In this study, we describe the spectrum of changes associated with drug tolerance and inhibition of specific tolerant cell subpopulations with combination agents.
It has been proposed that resistance to targeted therapies in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is due to a nonhomogeneous cell population. Here the authors analyse preclinical NSCLC models using single-cell RNA-seq and identify drug tolerant cell states and subpopulations, as well as associated genes.
Journal Article
Uncovering local aggregated air quality index with smartphone captured images leveraging efficient deep convolutional neural network
The prevalence and mobility of smartphones make these a widely used tool for environmental health research. However, their potential for determining aggregated air quality index (AQI) based on PM2.5 concentration in specific locations remains largely unexplored in the existing literature. In this paper, we thoroughly examine the challenges associated with predicting location-specific PM2.5 concentration using images taken with smartphone cameras. The focus of our study is on Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, due to its significant air pollution levels and the large population exposed to it. Our research involves the development of a Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN), which we train using over a thousand outdoor images taken and annotated. These photos are captured at various locations in Dhaka, and their labels are based on PM2.5 concentration data obtained from the local US consulate, calculated using the NowCast algorithm. Through supervised learning, our model establishes a correlation index during training, enhancing its ability to function as a Picture-based Predictor of PM2.5 Concentration (PPPC). This enables the algorithm to calculate an equivalent daily averaged AQI index from a smartphone image. Unlike, popular overly parameterized models, our model shows resource efficiency since it uses fewer parameters. Furthermore, test results indicate that our model outperforms popular models like ViT and INN, as well as popular CNN-based models such as VGG19, ResNet50, and MobileNetV2, in predicting location-specific PM2.5 concentration. Our dataset is the first publicly available collection that includes atmospheric images and corresponding PM2.5 measurements from Dhaka. Our codes and dataset are available at
https://github.com/lepotatoguy/aqi
.
Journal Article
وجهة الإسلام : الحركات الدينية في 1933 /
كتاب وجهة الإسلام يتناول نظرة في الحركات الحديثة في العالم الإسلامي حيث يضيء الكتاب علي مسائل مضيئة متجددة وحيث يسهم في فهم الظروف التاريخية لظهور الحركات والجماعات الإسلامية حيث يسبر أسباب نشوئها وكيف برز نجم بعضها واختفت الأخرى ويبحث في طبيعة العلاقة بين المسلمين أنفسهم وغيرهم. ويبين ما الأفكار التي حملتها شعوب الإسلام في ظل الظروف التاريخية.
BOOK
A cost effective real time rail track monitoring system leveraging multi sensor fusion and multi objective optimization
Derailments, common in developing nations, often result from dislodged or defective rail blocks, leading to substantial property damage and loss of life. Developing an automated real-time wireless sensing system for preventing derailments is a complex challenge, particularly in resource-constrained regions with limited network infrastructure. Existing research has yet to provide a practical solution that effectively addresses the need for long-distance sensing and optimized sensor deployment. This research focuses on developing a comprehensive solution that addresses these challenges. We explore vibration sensing and multi-sensor fusion for accurate rail track detection. Through rigorous experimentation and analysis, we demonstrate a 95% accuracy rate in detecting incoming trains from a distance of 1 km. To optimize sensor deployment, we contrive a multi-objective optimization problem and employ a meta-heuristic approach. We generate effective sensor deployment topologies by considering factors such as cost, vulnerability, and accident statistics. Our findings reveal that optimized deployment can significantly reduce the deployment costs up to 50% while preventing over 65% of potential accidents compared to a brute-force deployment approach. This research offers a promising solution for real-time rail track detection, combining advanced technologies and data-driven optimization. The findings contribute to enhancing railway safety and mitigating the devastating consequences of derailments.
Journal Article
Implementing a digital human resources management tool in the government health sector in Bangladesh: a policy content analysis
Introduction
In Bangladesh, to address the challenges of ensuring adequate human resources for health (HRH), the government began implementing a digital tool for HRH management in 2017. However, evidence suggests institutionalizing such tools in low-and-middle-income countries is impeded by policy aspects like implementation strategy and poor regulatory framework. Therefore, we aimed to explore factors in the current policy landscape that might facilitate and challenge the implementation of the tool in Bangladesh.
Methods
We conducted a review of policies related to ICT implementation and human resources management in the health sector in Bangladesh using qualitative content analysis method. Ten policies have been identified, and extensive reading was done to ascertain common themes and patterns. A document analysis matrix was developed to synthesize and help interpret the findings.
Results
Regarding facilitators, strong upstream level commitments were reflected in the content of policies in terms of setting out specific objectives, targets, timelines, and budget allocation. However, the lack of explicit monitoring strategy and extent of stakeholders’ engagement was not well-defined, ultimately creating chances for impeding downstream implementation. In addition, effective coordination among stakeholders and different HRH and ICT policies could be strengthened.
Discussion
Findings support the current discourse that national commitment plays a vital role in the integration of ICTs in health services. However, well-defined monitoring strategy and inter-ministry and intra-ministry policy coordination are crucial.
Journal Article
The social determinants of health associated with cardiometabolic diseases among Asian American subgroups: a systematic review
Background
Asian Americans represent one of the fastest-growing immigrant groups in the U.S. and are at high risk for cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and stroke. Despite the growth of Asians in the U. S, there is a gap in understanding the heterogeneity of CMDs across Asian subgroups and how these might be affected by the social determinants of health (SDOH), or the environment in which people live and work.
Objective
The purpose of this systematic review is to examine the current literature on CMDs among Asian Americans and identify the SDOH that are associated with the incidence and/or prevalence of CMDs among specific Asian subgroups.
Methods
PubMed, Embase, Web of Science were searched for articles published in Jan 2000-Nov 2020. The reproducible strategy yielded 2732 articles. The articles were reviewed based on the following inclusion criteria: (1) observational study published in the U.S., (2) adult population includes specific Asian subgroups, (3) exposures include SDOH, and (4) outcomes include a CMD, defined as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease, or stroke.
Results
In this review, 14 studies were identified and organized into four key themes: acculturation (
n
= 9), socioeconomic status (SES) (
n
= 6), social context (
n
= 2), and health literacy (
n
= 1). The most represented Asian subgroups in the literature were Chinese, Filipino, and South Asians. Acculturation was the most described social factor in the included reviews. Seven studies found associations between higher acculturation levels and higher prevalence of CMD. However, the measure of acculturation varied by study and included various combinations of the country of birth, number of years residing in the U.S., and English proficiency. The effects of SES, measured as income level and educational attainment, varied by racial subgroups. One study found that higher levels of education were associated with CMD among South Asians.
Conclusion
Acculturation, SES, social context, and health literacy impact the risk of CMD among Asian Americans; these vary across subgroups. Future research disentangling SDOHs on the risk of CMDs by Asian subgroup is necessary to provide better informed preventive practices and interventions.
Journal Article
Single cell RNA-sequencing identifies a metabolic aspect of apoptosis in Rbf mutant
The function of Retinoblastoma tumor suppressor (pRB) is greatly influenced by the cellular context, therefore the consequences of pRB inactivation are cell-type-specific. Here we employ single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) to profile the impact of an
Rbf
mutation during
Drosophila
eye development. First, we build a catalogue of 11,500 wild type eye disc cells containing major known cell types. We find a transcriptional switch occurring in differentiating photoreceptors at the time of axonogenesis. Next, we map a cell landscape of
Rbf
mutant and identify a mutant-specific cell population that shows intracellular acidification due to increase in glycolytic activity. Genetic experiments demonstrate that such metabolic changes, restricted to this unique
Rbf
mutant population, sensitize cells to apoptosis and define the pattern of cell death in
Rbf
mutant eye disc. Thus, these results illustrate how scRNA-seq can be applied to dissect mutant phenotypes.
The function of the Retinoblastoma (Rb) protein is regulated by its cellular environment. Here, the authors perform single cell RNA-sequencing during
Drosophila
eye development and identify the impact of an Rbf mutation, which sensitises specific cells to apoptosis by changing metabolism.
Journal Article
Kinetics and thermodynamics analysis of the polybenzimidazole adsorption onto carbon materials using adsorption isotherm measurements
The surface modification of carbon materials is an effective method for enhancing the properties of carbon-based functional materials; particularly, the use of a polymer coating is advantageous owing to its intactness and simplicity. Polybenzimidazole (PBI) has been used to modify carbon surfaces, yet its adsorption behavior has not been thoroughly examined. In this study, the adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics of PBI adsorption on various types of carbon black with different surface morphologies and chemical compositions were analyzed via isotherm measurements. To determine the effects of the polymer, its adsorption behavior was compared to that of the PBI monomer (1,3-bis(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)benzene (referred to as the PBI-unit)). The surface adsorption of PBI was slower than that of the PBI-unit; however, PBI exhibited a greater adsorption capacity. The PBI adsorption is an entropy-driven process, whereas PBI-unit adsorption is enthalpy-driven. The adsorption of PBI was more thermodynamically favorable on carbon surfaces with higher crystallinity (lower oxygenation) owing to the easier detachment of solvent molecules from the carbon surface, leading to a higher adsorption constant.Physical modification of carbon materials using polymers is a useful technique for altering surface properties. The adsorption phenomenon of polybenzimidazole (PBI) in organic solvents onto different carbon materials with different surface morphologies and chemical compositions was examined to assess the key parameter controlling the adsorption phenomena. Adsorption isotherm measurements revealed that the adsorption of PBI was irreversible and thermodynamically favourable when interaction between solvent-carbon or PBI-solvent is low. PBI did not diffuse into micropore and the coverage ratio of the PBI onto mesopore and macropore surface was around 60%.
Journal Article