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The current study involves a synthesis of a composite of nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiONPs) with a chromium dopant to yield (Cr/NiONPs). Synthesis of nickel oxide was performed by the co-precipitation method. The synthesis of the composite was conducted by the impregnation method. FTIR, EDX, SEM, and XRD were used to characterize the synthesized materials. The synthesised materials’ point zero charges (PZC) were performed using the potentiometric titration method. The obtained results show that the PZC for neat nickel oxide was around 5, and it was around 8 for Cr/NiONPs. The adsorption action of the prepared materials was examined by applying them to remove Reactive Red 2 (RR2) and Crystal Violate (CV) dyes from solutions. The outcomes demonstrated that Cr/NiONPs were stronger in the removal of dyes than NiONPs. Cr/NiONPs achieved 99.9% removal of dyes after 1 h. Adsorption isotherms involving Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms were also conducted, and the outcomes indicated that the most accurate representation of the adsorption data was offered by Langmuir adsorption isotherms. Additionally, it was discovered that the adsorption characteristics of the NiONPs and Cr/NiONPs correspond well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Each of the NiONPs and Cr/NiONPs was reused five times, and the results display that the effectiveness of the removal of RR2 dye slightly declined with the increase in reuse cycles; it lost only 5% of its original efficiency after the 5 cycles. Generally, Cr/NiONPs showed better reusability than NiONPs under the same conditions.

The increasing demand for drinkable water has speeded the expansion of groundwater use. Unfortunately, many geogenic contaminants like arsenic significantly decrease the quality of groundwater. Arsenic in water has harmed at least 0.3 billion people globally. Researchers used various types of treatment technologies to treat arsenic from synthetic wastewater, such as reverse osmoses, adsorption, and electrocoagulation. The electrocoagulation technique has gained popularity due to its increased removal efficiency compared to traditional treatments, low cost, and low sludge generation. This research aims to analyse arsenic treatment and examine the effect of technique variables on the removal performance to determine the best process variables for water purification. The outcome highlighted that arsenic removal improved with higher current densities needing less operating time. As a result, the removal effectiveness of arsenic from water using the electrocoagulation approach went from 88% to 96% in an alkaline environment, which is preferable. The best working settings for arsenic removal include a current density of 6 mA/m 2 and a treating time of 30 minutes to reach 81% arsenic removal effectiveness. The best pH level for treating arsenic-contaminated water has been identified as 9.