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Cervical cancer, a common chronic disease, is one of the most prevalent and curable cancers among women. Pap smear images are a popular technique for screening cervical cancer. This study proposes a computer-aided diagnosis for cervical cancer utilizing the novel Cervical Net deep learning (DL) structures and feature fusion with Shuffle Net structural features. Image acquisition and enhancement, feature extraction and selection, as well as classification are the main steps in our cervical cancer screening system. Automated features are extracted using pre-trained convolutional neural networks (CNN) fused with a novel Cervical Net structure in which 544 resultant features are obtained. To minimize dimensionality and select the most important features, principal component analysis (PCA) is used as well as canonical correlation analysis (CCA) to obtain the best discriminant features for five classes of Pap smear images. Here, five different machine learning (ML) algorithms are fed into these features. The proposed strategy achieved the best accuracy ever obtained using a support vector machine (SVM), in which fused features between Cervical Net and Shuffle Net is 99.1% for all classes.

The motivation of this study is to get a better understanding about the real thermal sensation of people in an office environment who undertakes moderate activities. The purpose of this study was to investigate occupant real thermal sensation at three tasks of activities and skin temperature to figure out its impact on thermal sensation in an office environment. All measurements were conducted in a climate chamber. In total, fifteen subjects were participated in three kinds of activities and skin temperatures, which is eleven locations were measured using thermocouple sensors. The results showed that the temperature is the one of the factors which affect metabolic rate. There is a strong linear relationship between these three tasks of activities and metabolic rate with the skin temperature. Furthermore, the results indicate that there was a greater increase thermal sensation when the metabolic rate 1.6. The conclusions of this study can provide some references to set a standard for air conditioning design and to set operating parameters of different functional architectures.

The ergonomics and environment factors have been the core issue for the mining industry for many years, and its profiles are rising. To ensure an ergonomics work environment, it is possible to require specific attention especially in this industries sector. It is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore the essential issue in Malaysia due to lack of ergonomics knowledge and low awareness among the engineers in the mining sector. The focus of this study is to evaluate and validate the physical risk factor associated with work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WMSDs) by using Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) among mining industry workers. All the physical risk factors involved the main body regions such as upper arm, lower arm, wrist, trunk, neck and leg that has been identified associated with WMSDs. There were 18 subjects were selected to involve in this study. Those subjects were chosen according to their job task. To increase the reliability of the result, each subject was evaluated thrice in the trials. From the analysis, the average of final score of the REBA is 8.24 indicates high risk and calls for engineering/or work method changes to reduce or eliminate muscular disorder risk. The results of the analysis were used to improve the process of work, design of workstation and also improving the work posture to enhance the comfort level of operators. This study is crucial among the mining industry that is a lack of the information and research about the ergonomics issues in the industry. The overall finding indicated that the whole process of selected work task will contribute to musculoskeletal disorder either for a short or long time exposure.

Excessive heat during work creates occupational health risks; it restricts a worker's physical functions and capabilities, work capacity and productivity. Temperatures above 24-26 °C are associated with reduced labour productivity. Exposure to excessive heat levels can lead to heatstroke, sometimes even with a fatal outcome. The aim of this study is to discuss the methodology in experimental of the factor affecting heat stress in industrial workers exposed to extreme heat. The experiment will be conducted in an environmental chamber which simulates the same environment of the manufacturing industry and another arrangement which simulates the environment of a construction industry. The environmental parameters will be recorded such as the temperature, relative humidity and also the physiological parameters such as the volume oxygen uptake level and the heart rate. The heart rate and the volume of oxygen uptake will be recorded for a 15-minute interval for one shift (2 shift-manufacturing and construction). This study is conducted based on two tasks in two different conditions, outdoor and indoor. It simulates the lifting work at both manufacturing and construction industry. For manufacturing industry, the subjects are demanded to lift boxes (10kg). Meanwhile, for the construction industry, the subjects are demanded to lift a sand bag (10kg). From this study, the optimum values of temperature and humidity can be obtained which can lead to the optimum workers' performance. The increase of performance will ensure the production level at the manufacturing industries at its best and will lead to monetary gain. Besides, this can ensure that a construction project can be delivered at the right time while reducing the cost lost and the accidents at the site.

Safety and health aspect should always be part of manufacturing system so that every stage of the manufacturing process and activities will expose no risk to more than a millions workers involved in this sector. In Malaysia, manufacturing sector is under the jurisdiction of Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (OSHA) and Factory and Machinery Act 1967 (FMA) which are enforced by the Department of Occupational and Health (DOSH). The objective of the study is to study the enforcement strategy carried out by DOSH officers whether it is persuasive, punitive or combination of both. Persuasion and punishment refer to the type of action taken by the enforcement officers against the errand employers. Making remarks in a log book, giving out directive letters and issuing notices (Notice of Prohibition, NOI and Notice of Improvement, NOP) are considered persuasive whilst opening an investigation paper (IP) for the purpose of offering compound and bringing the matter to court are considered punitive. The study depends on DOSH's statistic i.e. OSH enforcement activities and action taken by its officers against errand employers during enforcement activities. The statistic shows that DOSH use both persuasion and punishment strategies during occupational safety and health (OSH) enforcement activities, but the use of persuasion is too glaring i.e. as much as 98.5% from the total number of actions taken against errand employers.

Bamboo is a nature plant found in Malaysia and is being used largely in a craft and furniture industry. It is a plant with a trunk, twigs and cross-sections that can naturally create the contemporary and unique design for block batik. The main objective of the research stands to study about the application of bamboo as a main component in producing the unique design for block batik. History has been revealed that block for batik motives are originated from the creation from wood by Haji Che Su in 1914. Then, the wood block has been replaced with coopper, steel and zink which are more practical and easily shaped. The transformation of the block takes a long time based on the current demand. Various efforts have been done both by the designer and researcher to produce the block for the batik with lower costs, eco-friendly and with unique design. More than that, the research is also to identify and evaluate the proper manufacturing process for bamboo to become as a block batik design as well as the copper and steel. As a result, the use of bamboo as a block for batik has a potential to replace the cooper and steel. The product produced using bamboo as a block for batik creates unique and contemporary batik design and it fulfil the customer demand along with the eco-friendly value.

One of the most fundamental meanings of being a human being is to make something. Maker movement which originated from the DIY movement as its name suggests is a unique combination of making things from artistry, form making, circuitry and craftsmanship and it is somehow related to the discipline of industrial design where creativity plays a more prominent role alongside with aesthetics, functionality and technological advancement in designing a creative and innovative product. Maker movement has built an extensive network by motivating and sustaining communities of builders, crafters and makers. By celebrating the arts, craft and engineering, it often consists of hobbyist, tinkerer, hacker, designer and artist who build an object or product in a playful and useful way. On the other hands, it reveals a unique set of values which emphasize on open sharing, learning and creativity over profit and also social capital. As a result of that, new ways of teaching and learning has emerged, which is the makerspace learning environment. There is a growing interest of an educator to adapt this kind of learning environment setting upon fostering creativity among students. Maker possessed of what we called a maker mindset which encompassed four aspects which are playful, growth-oriented, failure positive and collaborative. In this review paper, we will present the potential of makerspace as a learning environment that can cultivate the maker mindset for industrial design students and the potential adoption of its methodology to groom the student of industrial design to become more creative and innovative and its challenge. The expected outcome of this paper is to give insights to the reader and industrial design educator about the potential of makerspace learning environment upon cultivating the maker mindsets for industrial design students who are a vital aspect in promoting creativity among industrial design student to face the challenges in the 21st-century design world.

Accident and Emergency Department serves as the front line in any hospitals. Here, patients are triage according to the severity of illness before being send to respective zone, green, yellow or red. This study focuses on red zone of accident and emergency department with an objective to assesses the physical condition at accident and emergency department and suggest engineering recommendation to solve the problems found during the assessment. The study is conducted at one of Malaysian hospital, after the ethical has been obtained. During the assessment, lighting at the red zone, monitor height, bed area and body postures of two procedures are assessed and recorded. Results is compared with existing guidelines and suggestions are made on how to overcome the problem identified.

Compliance to occupational safety and health (OSH) laws in Malaysia is enforced by the Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH), Ministry of Human Resource. The acts involved are Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (OSHA) and Factory and Machinery Act 1967 (FMA). Actions taken against employers who breached the laws are either persuasive or punitive. Persuasive and punitive refer to the type of action taken by the enforcement officers against the errand employers. Making remarks in a log book, giving out directive letters and issuing notices (Notice of Prohibition, NOI and Notice of Improvement, NOP) are considered persuasive whilst opening an investigation paper (IP) for the purpose of offering compound and bringing the matter to court are considered punitive. From the statistics, it is clear that the OSH enforcement officers use more persuasive strategy compared to punitive strategy. The objective of the study is to study the perception of OSH enforcement officers towards imposing punitive action against errand employers. The study used questionnaires developed after a thorough literature review on enforcement factors. The questionnaires were distributed to selected population i.e. DOSH Kelantan's officers. The data was analysed using SPSS version 25 software. The study shows that generally the respondents are in favour of imposing punitive actions against errand employers and the most paramount factors in doing so is the knowledge, understanding and expertise in conducting investigation and preparing investigation paper (IP).

The resurgence of local knowledge by using natural colourant in textile dyeing has gaining popularity due to the eco-friendly advantages and benefits. Textile dyeing process is keen as both art and science that has been practiced since human development. This paper aim to identify the process practiced in local textile dyeing with adaption of environmental catalysis. The methodology used in this study is reviewing the content by referring the previous study, text documentation and discussions. There are three (3) types of dyeing process identified in local textile production which are natural dyeing, naphthol dyeing and Remazol dyeing. The dyeing technology change with time and consumer demand by considering the economic purposes but neglecting the environment and vicinity safety. Therefore, the introduction towards environmental catalysis substances in the process of natural dyeing has led the eco-friendly chain process practices for local textile production, besides it is an initiative to create awareness and acknowledge about eco-friendly dyeing and local knowledge on textile dyeing process.