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"Ismail, Sherif"
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Insight into impact of sewage discharge on microbial dynamics and pathogenicity in river ecosystem
Direct sewage discharge could cause copious numbers of serious and irreversible harm to the environment. This study investigated the impacts of treated and raw sewage on the river ecosystem. Through our analysis, sewage carried various nutrients into the river, leading to changes in the microbial community in the river and reducing the diversity and richness of bacteria. The relative abundances of
Hydrogenophaga
,
Thauera
,
Planctomyces
,
Zoogloea
, and
Pseudomonas
boosted from 0.25, 0.01, 0.00, 0.05, and 0.08% to 3.33, 3.43, 0.02, 6.28, and 2.69%, before and after raw sewage discharge, respectively. The gene abundance of pathogenic bacteria significantly increased after raw sewage discharge. For instance, the gene abundance of
Vibrio
,
Helicobacter, Tuberculosis,
and
Staphylococcus
augmented from 4055, 3797, 13,545, 33 reads at Site-1 to 23,556, 13,163, 19,887, 734 reads at Site-2, respectively. In addition, according to the redundancy analysis (RDA), the infectious pathogens were positively related to the environmental parameters, in which COD showed the highest positive correlation with
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
. Additionally, river self-purification may contribute to improving water quality and reducing pathogenicity. The outcomes of this study showed that direct discharge brought pathogens and changed microbial community structure of the river.
Journal Article
Penile girth augmentation by injectable fillers: a comprehensive review of imaging features and inflammatory complications
Despite the extensive controversy and debate of penile girth augmentation, high demands for such procedures are increasing. Penile inflammation is not common sequel after penile filler augmentation, but when it occurs, it has serious complications that sometimes necessitate emergency surgical intervention. Imaging with a variety of modalities, including ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ascending urethrogrphy plays a paramount role in the detection and assessment of these conditions. Inflammatory conditions after penile girth augmentation using injectable fillers are ranging from local granuloma to penile abscess formation or diffuse cellulitis that may extend to the scrotum, perineum or deep pelvic organs. Rapid diagnosis and evaluation of extensions are important to avoid associated morbidity and permanent deformity. Our purpose is to provide a practical review of relevant penile anatomy, imaging appearance and injection technique of different types of subcutaneous fillers used in penile girth augmentation, and inflammatory complications that may occur after these procedures. Brief descriptions of patient clinical information and imaging features of inflammatory complications will be included and correlated in actual cases.
Journal Article
Treatment of hazardous landfill leachate using Fenton process followed by a combined (UASB/DHS) system
Fenton process for pre-treatment of hazardous landfill leachate (HLL) was investigated. Total, particulate and soluble chemical oxygen demand (CODt, CODp and CODs) removal efficiency amounted to 67%, 47% and 64%, respectively, at pH value of 3.5, molar ratio (H2O2/Fe2+) of 5, H2O2 dosage of 25 ml/L and contact time of 15 min. Various treatment scenarios were attempted and focused on studying the effect of pre-catalytic oxidation process on the performance of up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB), UASB/down-flow hanging sponge (DHS) and DHS system. The results obtained indicated that pre-catalytic oxidation process improved the CODt removal efficiency in the UASB reactor by a value of 51.4%. Overall removal efficiencies of CODt, CODs and CODp were 80 ± 6%, 80 ± 7% and 78 ± 16% for UASB/DHS treating pre-catalytic oxidation effluent, respectively. The removal efficiencies of CODt, CODs and CODp were, respectively, decreased to 54 ± 2%, 49 ± 2% and 71 ± 16% for UASB/DHS system without pre-treatment. However, the results for the combined process (UASB/DHS) system is almost similar to those obtained for UASB reactor treating pre-catalytic oxidation effluent. The DHS system achieved average removal efficiencies of 52 ± 4% for CODt, 51 ± 4% for CODs and 52 ± 15% for CODp. A higher COD fractions removal was obtained when HLL was pre-treated by Fenton reagent. The combined processes provided a removal efficiency of 85 ± 1% for CODt, 85 ± 1% for CODs and 83 ± 8% for CODp. The DHS system is not only effective for organics degradation but also for ammonia oxidation. Almost complete ammonia (NH4-N) removal (92 ± 3.6%) was occurred and the nitrate production amounted to 37 ± 6 mg/L in the treated effluent. This study strongly recommends applying Fenton process followed by DHS system for treatment of HLL.
Journal Article
The association between ADAMTS14/rs4747096 gene polymorphism and some risk factors and knee osteoarthritis
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is an important cause of disability in the world and it denotes a public health defiance of the upcoming years.
Aim
To examine the connection between ADAMTS14 gene rs4747096 polymorphism and KOA and to assess risk factors associated with KOA.
Methods
A case control study was conducted on 158 patients with KOA and 120 controls with comparable age and sex randomly recruited from National Research Centre employees. All participants were subjected to full history taking, assessment of KOA severity using WOMAC scoring system, and thorough clinical examination. Blood sample was collected for detection of ADAMTS14/rs4747096 gene polymorphism.
Results
The frequency of ADAMTS14 gene rs4747096 genotypes among patients with KOA was 73.5% for AA, 25.7% for AG, and 0.7% for GG compared to controls 963%, 31.3%, and 5.6% respectively and the frequency of alleles among patients was 86.4% for A and 78.7% for G compared to controls (78.7% and 21.3% respectively,
P
< 0.05. The study found that the median levels of total WOMAC score and its domains were significantly higher among KOA patients than controls. The logistic regression analysis revealed that age ≥ 50 years, BMI ≥ 35, and long standing at work were predictive factors for KOA (
P
< 0.05). Regarding different genetic patterns, only the A recessive pattern of inheritance was found to be a predictive risk factor for KOA.
Conclusion
For ADAMTS14 rs4747096 genotype, the AA and AG genotypes significantly increased the risk of KOA. The recessive pattern of inheritance, older age, morbid obesity, and prolonged standing at work were the predictive risk factors for KOA. Further studies with larger sample size are encouraged to investigate the mechanism by which this genotype can affect the development of KOA.
Journal Article