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"Ismail, Ummulkhairi"
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Glutathione Effects on Liver Enzymes and Serum Electrolyte in Mice Exposed to 850 1900 MHz Mobile Phone Radiation
The widespread presence of electromagnetic fields (EMF) produced by modern technologies may pose a significant threat to animal health. Ionizing radiation, a byproduct of EMF exposure, has the potential to contribute to serious diseases, including cancer. This study examines the impact of chronic exposure to 900-1800 MHz GSM-EMF-induced electromagnetic radiation on liver enzymes and serum electrolytes in mice, and the potential mitigating effects of exogenous glutathione (GSH) administration. Thirty-five adult male mice were randomly divided into seven groups and exposed to various modes of mobile phone radiation for five weeks, with or without GSH administration. Liver enzymes, Alkaline phosphates (ALP), Alanine transaminase (ALT) , Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and, serum electrolytes, sodium, potassium and bicarbonate were analyzed. Results showed significant increases in ALP levels in the Silent, Ringtone + GSH, and Silent + GSH groups compared to control group, while ALT and AST levels remained largely unchanged with the exception of some groups across the experimental cohorts. Serum electrolyte concentrations did not significantly differ across the control group. Our study found that chronic mobile phone radiation exposure in mice generally does not significantly affect liver enzyme levels or serum electrolyte concentrations. However, certain combinations with GSH administration notably increased some biochemical markers like ALP, ALT, and AST levels. Our study concluded that chronic mobile phone radiation had no significant impact on liver enzymes or serum electrolytes in mice. However, glutathione administration in combination with radiation increased liver enzyme levels, suggesting a potential role in oxidative stress mitigation. Further research is needed to explore these findings.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.Footnotes* This version has been revised to capture more details on Methodology and discussion as well as Authors affiliations
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